ã¿ã¤ã ãã©ãã©ã¼ã¨èä½é¢ä¿ãæã¤ã®ã¯å±éº
é²åã¯ããªã¹ã¨ã¡ã¹ã®éã«ä¸æè°ãªé¢ä¿ãä½ãåºãã¦ãã¾ããããªã¹ã¨ã¡ã¹ã®äº¤å°¾ã«ã¾ã¤ããå©å®³ã®å¯¾ç«ãããããªé¢ä¿ã®ã²ã¨ã¤ã§ãã
ã»ç·ã¨å¥³ã®ã©ãã²ã¼ã
ä¾ãã°ããã¨ã®å ´åã
ãã¨ã¯ä¹±äº¤åã®çãç©ã§ãããã¨ã®è±åã¡ããããã¨ã®å¤ªéåã¨äº¤å°¾ãããå¾ãè±åã¡ããã¯å¥ã®ãªã¹ãã¨ã®ä¸éåãåãå ¥ãã¦ãã¾ãã¾ãã
ã§ãã太éåã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¿ãã°ãè±åã¡ããã«ã¯ç¢ºå®ã«èªåã®åä¾ãç£ãã§ãããããããã®æ¹ãèªåã®éºä¼åã³ãã¼ãæã¤åä½ãå¢ããã(é²åå¦ã§ã¯"é©å¿åº¦ãä¸ãã"ã¨ãã)ããã§ãã
ãããªé¡ããå¶ããã¹ãã太éåãä»ã®ãªã¹ãã¨ã®ç²¾æ¶²ã«ã¯ç¹æ®è½åãä»è¾¼ã¾ãã¦ãã¾ããå½¼ãã®ç²¾æ¶²ã«ã¯ãä»ã®ãªã¹ãã¨ã®ç²¾åãå¼±ãããä½ç¨ãããã¾ãã
ä¸ã®å ´åã ã¨ã太éåãè±åã¡ããã®ä½å ã«æ¾åºãã精液ã«ãã£ã¦ãå¾ããä¸éåãæ¾åºããç²¾åãå¼±ãããåç²¾ã§ããªããªãã¾ããããã§ã太éåã¯è±åã¡ããã«ç¢ºå®ã«èªåã®åä¾ãç£ãã§ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã
次ã«ãã¢ã¡ã³ãã®å ´åã
ã¢ã¡ã³ãã§ã¯ã交尾ã®å¾ããªã¹ãã¡ã¹ã«ãã£ããã¨ããã¿ã¤ãããªããªãé¢ãããã¨ãã¾ããããªã¹ã¯ããããããã¨ã§ä»ã®ãªã¹ãã¡ã¹ã¨äº¤å°¾ããã®ãéªéãã¾ãããã¯ããã¡ã¹ã«èªåã®åä¾ãã¡ããã¨ç£ãã§ãããããã§ãã
ãããã®å ´åãããªã¹ãèªåã®ç²¾åã確å®ã«åç²¾ããããã¨ããé²åã®éç¨ã§ç¯ãããæ¦ç¥ã¨èãããã¦ãã¾ãããããããããã®æ¦ç¥ã¯ã¡ã¹ã«ã¨ã£ã¦è¿·æã ã£ãããã¾ãã
ãã¨ã®ãªã¹ã®ç²¾æ¶²ã¯æ¯æ§ä½ç¨ããããã¡ã¹ã®å¯¿å½ã¯ç¸®ãã§ãã¾ãã¾ããã¾ããã¢ã¡ã³ãã§ã¯ããªã¹ã交尾å¾ãã¡ã¹ã«ããã¿ã¤ããã¾ã¾ã ã¨ãã¡ã¹ã¯é¤ãã¨ãã®ãä¸èªç±ã«ãªããçåã«ã¨ã£ã¦ä¸å©ãªç¶æ³ã«è¿½ãè¾¼ã¾ããã§ãããã
ãªã¹ã®ææããããã°ãç¸æã®ã¡ã¹ãèªåã¨ã®åä¾ãä¸å®æ°ç£ãã§ãããã°ãã¡ã¹ã®å¯¿å½ã縮ãããããããªã®ã¯ã©ãã§ãè¯ããã¨ã§ããããããã¡ã¹ããããã°ããããªãªã¹ã®ææéãã«ãªãã®ã¯ã¾ã£ã´ããããã§ããªãã¹ãæ»ã¬ã¾ã§å æ°ã§ã§ããã ãå¤ãã®åä¾ãç£ã¿ããã®ãæ¬é³ã§ãããã
ãªã®ã§ãã¡ã¹ãé»ã£ã¦ã¯ãã¾ããããã¨ã®ã¡ã¹ã¯ããªã¹ã®ç²¾æ¶²ã®æ¯ç´ ãå解ããç©è³ªãä½ãåºããããã¢ã¡ã³ãã§ã¯ãªã¹ãããã¿ã¤ãã«ãããªããããªçºéããèãæã¤ãã¨ã§ããªã¹ãã¶ã£é£ã°ãããããã¦ãã¾ãã
ã»ç¾å¨ãéå»ãæªæ¥ã®ãã¼ããã¼ã¨äº¤å°¾æ¯ã¹ãã¦ã¿ãã
ä»åããã®ãããªãªã¹ã¨ã¡ã¹ã®å¯¾ç«ã¯ã©ããªãµãã«é²åãã¦ããã®ã ãããï¼ã¨ããçåã«çãã¦ãããããã«ç»å ´ããã®ããä¹¾ç åç©ã®ã¢ã«ããã¢(ã·ã¼ã¢ã³ãã¼)ã§ãã
Male-female coevolution in the wild : evidence from a time series in Artemia franciscana: Evolution
ã¢ã«ããã¢ã®èä¹ åµã¯ãã¯ãã ã·ã¨åãããã«ä¹¾ç¥ããç¶æ ã§ä½å¹´ãçããªãããã¾ãããã®å¾ãå¡©æ°´ã«æµ¸ãã¨çºçãé²ãã§åµåãã¾ãã
ã¢ã«ããã¢ã®ãªã¹ã§ã¯ç¬¬äºè§¦è§ã大ããçºéãã¦ããã交尾ã®ã¨ãã«ããã§ã¡ã¹ããã£ã¡ãã¨æãã¾ããã¢ã¡ã³ãã¨åæ§ã«ããã®"ããã¿ã¤ã"è¡åãã¡ã¹ã«ä½ããã®ä¸å©çãä¸ããã¨èãããã¦ãã¾ãã
ã¢ã«ããã¢(Artemia salina) from Wikipedia
ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ç 究è ãã¯1985å¹´ã1996å¹´ã2007å¹´ã«æ¡éãã¦ä¹¾ç¥ä¿åãã¦ãããã¢ã«ããã¢ã®åµããå®é¨å®¤ã§ä¸æã«åµåããã¾ãããã¡ãªã¿ã«ã1985å¹´ã¨2007å¹´ã®ã°ã«ã¼ãã§ã¯ãæ¨å®160ä¸ä»£ã»ã©ã®éãããããããã§ããããã¦ããã®æ¬¡ä¸ä»£ã®ã¢ã«ããã¢ããå年代ã°ã«ã¼ãã®éã§äº¤å°¾ãããã¡ã¹ã®ç£åµæ°ã寿å½ã調æ»ãã¾ããã
ã¤ã¾ããéå»ãæªæ¥ã®åä½ã¨äº¤å°¾ããã¦ã¿ãã¨ãããã¨ã§ãã
ãã®çµæãéå»ãããã¯æªæ¥ã®ãªã¹ã¨äº¤å°¾ããã¡ã¹ã¯ãç¾ä»£ã®ãªã¹ã¨äº¤å°¾ããå ´åããã寿å½ã縮ã¾ããã¨ã確èªããã¾ããããã ããç涯ã§ç£ãåä¾ã®æ°ã«ææãªéãã¯ããã¾ããã§ããã
éå»ãæªæ¥ã«ç±æ¥ãããªã¹ã®ããã¿ã¤ãè¡åããã¡ã¹ã«ã®çåã«ä½ããã®è² ã®å½±é¿ãä¸ãã¦ãããã¨ã示åããã¾ããã¡ã¹ãä»ç¾å¨æã£ã¦ãããªã¹ãæé¤ããé²å¾¡æ©æ§(ã¢ã«ããã¢ã®ã¡ã¹ã«é²å¾¡æ©æ§ããããä¸æã ã)ã¯ãç°ãªãæ代ã«çãããªã¹ã«ã¯éç¨ãã«ããã®ããããã¾ãããã¹ã¼ãã¼ã¹ããã¥ã¬ã¼ã·ã§ã³ã§ããã
ã¡ã¹ã®å¯¿å½ãç£åµã®ã¿ã¤ãã³ã°ãªã©ãè²ã ãªãã©ã¡ã¼ã¿ã使ã£ã¦è¨ç®ããã¨ãã¡ã¹ã¯æªæ¥ã®ãªã¹ã¨äº¤å°¾ããå ´åã«æãä¸å©çã被ã(é©å¿åº¦ãæä½ã«ãªã)ãã¨ãå°ãåºããã¾ããã(年代éã®é©å¿åº¦ã®éãããã¯ããã®å ±é²åãè»æ¡ç«¶äºçãªã®ãå¤åçãªã®ãã¯å¤å¥ã§ãã¾ããã§ããã)
ä»åã®çµæããã¯ã女ã®åã¯æªæ¥ã®ãã¼ããã¼ã¨èä½é¢ä¿ãæã¤ã®ã¯ããã¦ãããæ¹ãè¯ããã¨ãããã¨ãè¨ããããããã¾ãããå°ãªãã¨ãã¢ã«ããã¢ã«é¢ãã¦ã¯ã
ãã®ç 究ã¯ãä¹¾ç åç©ã®ç¹å¾´ãä¸æãå©ç¨ãã¦é²åå¦ä¸ã®ãããã¯ãçªãã¦ãã¾ããã交尾ä¸ã«ãªã¹ãã¡ã¹ã«ããã¿ã¤ãã¦ããæéãä¸ä»£éã®çµã¿åããã§éã£ãããªãã¦ãããã¼ã¿ãããã°ãã£ã¨é¢ç½ãã£ãã®ã«ãã¨ããã®ãææ³ã§ããã(ãã¨ä»æ¹ãªãã®ã§ããçãã¼ã¿ããã¾ããããã§ãªãããããããè¤éãªã¢ãã«ã使ã£ã¦ããã®ãä½ã¨ãã)
å ±é²åã¨ã¯ã¡ãã£ã¨éãã¾ãããä¾ãã°ã³ã¼ã«ãã¹ãªã¼ãæè¡ãªã©ãä»®ã«ã§ããã¨ãã¦ã1000å¹´å¾ã«ç®éããä¸çã§èª°ãã¨èä½é¢ä¿ãæã£ããããã¨(æããªãã¦ãã)ãåºãããããã¨ã®ãªãã¦ã£ã«ã¹ã«ææãã¦å½ã«é¢ãããã¨ã«ãªããããããªãã§ããã
(注ï¼ãã®è¨äºã§ã¯åããããããåªå ããããã«æ£ç¢ºãªé²åå¦ç表ç¾ãããã¦ä½¿ã£ã¦ãã¾ããããããããã)
ãé¢é£è¨äºã
ã¢ãªãã¾ã³ãã«ããå¯çã«ãã®è¯éºãªãçæ