Lyppeius[a] (Ancient Greek: Λύππειον, romanized: Lúppeion) was king of the ancient kingdom of Paeonia from 359/8 until his death around 335 BC.[1] He succeeded the first known Paeonian king, Agis, under unknown circumstances and may have been his son, but this is only speculation.[2]
| Lyppeius | |
|---|---|
_of_Paeonia_silver_tetradrachm.jpg) Silver tetradrachm struck sometime during Lyppeius' reign. Obv.: Zeus facing right; rev.: Heracles with Nemean Lion in a strangle-hold. | |
| King of Paeonia | |
| Reign | 359/8–c. 335 BC |
| Predecessor | Agis |
| Successor | Patraus |
| Born | ? |
| Died | c. 335 BC |
| Religion | Ancient Greek religion |
The majority of information about Lyppeius revolves around his conflict with his southern neighbor, Philip II of Macedon. Shortly after Philip's chaotic accession in 359/8, following the death in battle of his brother Perdiccas III, he was forced to bribe the Paeonians to abandon their invasion of Macedonia.[3] The payment, judged as small by modern historians, may have been made with promises of future tribute from Macedonia, but this never materialized.[4] Instead, Philip reformed the army and invaded Paeonia after learning about the death of Agis, perhaps in the spring of 358. The details of the subsequent battle are unknown, but apparently the Paeonians, now led by Lyppeius, met Philip's 10,000 strong force in a pitched battle and were defeated.[5] According to Diodorus, they were then forced to swear allegiance to the Macedonians.[6]
In late 357, in an attempt to curb Philip's relentless expansion, Athens entered into an anti-Macedonian coalition with King Grabus II of Illyria, the Thracian kings, Olynthus, and Lyppeius. These efforts proved fruitless, however, as Philip neutralized each of Athen's partners one-by-one.[7] Lyppeius was consequently reduced to a vassal status for the remainder of his reign, but he evidently retained a degree of independence as he continued to mint coins in his own name.[2] He was succeeded by Patraus.
References
editNotes
edit- ^ Sometimes rendered as Lycceus, Lykpeios, or Lykkeios in modern scholarship
Citations
edit- ^ Wright, Nicholas (2012). "The Horseman and the Warrior: Paionia and Macedonia in the Fourth Century BC". The Numismatic Chronicle. 172: 1–26 – via JSTOR.
- ^ a b Merker, Irwin (1965). "The ancient kingdom of Paionia". Balkan Studies. 6 (1): 35–54.
- ^ Worthington, Ian (2014). By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 29. ISBN 9780199929863.
- ^ Hammond, N.G.L.; Griffith, G.T. (1979). A History of Macedonia Volume II: 550-336 B.C. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 210–211. ISBN 9780198148142.
- ^ Worthington 2014, pp. 38–39
- ^ Diodorus Siculus. Diodorus of Sicily in Twelve Volumes. Translated by Oldfather, Charles H. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 16.4.2.
- ^ Worthington 2014, pp. 42