Experimental toolkit for working with Sanity mutations in JavaScript & TypeScript

• Declarative & composable mutation creators
• Utilities for applying mutations on in-memory documents (experimental)
• Local in-memory dataset replica with support for optimistic updates (experimental)

• Mutations can be declared using creator functions and passed around like any other values, transformed and composed into larger operations spanning multiple documents
• Mutations are mere descriptions of operations and can be serialized to a compact json format or a Sanity mutation API request payload
• Nodes can be addressed using paths as JavaScript values instead of string paths
• Closely aligned with the Sanity.io mutation format
• Supports automatically adding _key's to objects in arrays, so you don't have to.
• Experimental support for applying mutations on in-memory documents
• Great TypeScript support

import {
  at,
  create,
  createIfNotExists,
  patch,
  SanityEncoder,
  set,
  setIfMissing,
} from '@sanity/mutate'

const mutations = [
  create({_type: 'dog', name: 'Fido'}),
  createIfNotExists({_id: 'document-1', _type: 'someType'}),
  createIfNotExists({_id: 'other-document', _type: 'author'}),
  patch('other-document', [
    at('published', set(true)),
    at('address', setIfMissing({_type: 'address'})),
    at('address.city', set('Oslo')),
  ]),
]

// get a projectId and dataset at sanity.io
const projectId = '<projectId>'
const dataset = '<dataset>'

// Submit mutations to the Sanity API
fetch(`https://${projectId}.api.sanity.io/v2023-08-01/data/mutate/${dataset}`, {
  method: 'POST',
  mode: 'cors',
  credentials: 'include',
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
  },
  body: JSON.stringify(SanityEncoder.encode(mutations)),
})
  .then(response => response.json())
  .then(result => console.log(result))

• create(document: SanityDocument): Create a new document
• createIfNotExists(document: SanityDocument): Create a new document if it does not exist
• createOrReplace(document: SanityDocument): Create a new document or replace an existing one
• delete(documentId: SanityDocument): Delete a document (aliases: del, destroy)
• patch(documentId: string, patches: Patch | Patch[], options?: {ifRevision?: string}): Patch a document. Can optionally provide a revisionId for optimistic locking. If the current document revision doesn't match the given revision the patch mutation will fail when applied.

A patch is a combination of a node path and an operation. The node path is a simplified JSONMatch path or an array of path segments that points to a specific node in the document. The operation is one of the operations described below.

• at(path: Path | string, operation: Operation): Create a patch from a path and an operation

at('foo.bar', set('baz'))

// equivalent to the above
at(['foo', 'bar'], set('baz'))

at(['array[0]'], insert('baz'))

// Set a value deep into an array of objects addressed by `_key`
at(['people', {_key: 'xyz'}, 'name'], set('Bjørge'))

// equivalent to the above, using a serialized path:
at('people[_key=="xyz"].name', set('Bjørge'))

• set(value: any): Set the value of the node to the given value
• setIfMissing(value: any): Set the value of the node to the given value if the node has no value
• unset(): Remove the node from the document

• assign(value: object): Do a shallow merge of the node with the given value. If the node is an object, the value will be merged into the object similar to Object.assign(<currentValue>, value).
• unassign(attributes: string[]): Remove the given attributes from the existing value.

• prepend(items: any[]): Prepend the given items to the beginning of the array
• append(items: any[]): Append the given items to the end of the array
• insert(items: any | any[], position: "before" | "after", referenceItem: number | {_key: string}): Insert the given items before or after the given before or after item. If before or after is not provided, the items will be inserted at the beginning or end of the array.
• truncate(startIndex: number, endIndex?: number): Remove items from the array starting at startIndex and ending at endIndex. If endIndex is not provided, all items after startIndex will be removed.
• replace(items: any | any[], referenceItem: number | {_key: string}): Replaces the referenceItem (addressed by index or _key) with the given item or items. If items is an array, referenceItem will be replaced by the items and any existing elements that comes after referenceItem will be shifted to the right.
• upsert(items: any | any[], position: "before" | "after", referenceItem: number | {_key: string}): Upsert one or more items into the array. If the items match existing items in the array, the existing items will be replaced with the given items. If the items do not match any existing items, it will be inserted into the array. ThereferenceItem specifies a reference item to place missing items relative to. If. If not provided, any missing items will be inserted at the beginning or end of the array, depending on position. The positionoption can be used to specify where to insert the item if it does not match any existing items. If not provided, the item will be inserted at the end of the array.

• inc(value: number): Increment the number by the given value
• dec(value: number): Decrement the number by the given value

• diffMatchPatch(patch: string): Apply an incremental text patch to the current string. Read more about diffMatchPatch.

Define a set of operations and turn it into a patch mutation that can be applied on a set of documents

const patches = [
  at('metadata', setIfMissing({})), // make sure metadata object exists
  at('metadata.published', set(true)),
  at('metadata.publishedAt', set(new Date().toISOString())),
]
const mutations = ['document-1', 'document-2', 'document-3'].map(id =>
  patch(id, patches),
)

// commit mutations to datastore
commitMutations(mutations)

Mutations can be applied to an in-memory collection of documents

import {applyInCollection} from '@sanity/mutate/_unstable_apply'
import {createIfNotExists, del} from '@sanity/mutate'

const initial = [{_id: 'deleteme', _type: 'foo'}]

const updated = applyInCollection(initial, [
  createIfNotExists({_id: 'mydocument', _type: 'foo'}),
  createIfNotExists({_id: 'anotherDocument', _type: 'foo'}),
  del('deleteme'),
])

console.log(updated)
/*=>
[
  { _id: 'mydocument', _type: 'foo' },
  { _id: 'anotherDocument', _type: 'foo' }
]
*/

Note: when applying mutations on a collection, referential integrity is preserved. This means that if a mutation is effectively a noop (e.g. nothing actually changed), the same object reference will be returned.

import {applyInCollection} from '@sanity/mutate/_unstable_apply'
import {at, createIfNotExists, patch, set} from '@sanity/mutate'

const initial = [
  {
    _id: 'someDoc',
    _type: 'foo',
    value: 'ok',
    nested: {value: 'something'},
    otherNested: {message: 'something else'},
  },
]

const updated = applyInCollection(initial, [
  createIfNotExists({_id: 'someDoc', _type: 'foo'}),
  patch('someDoc', [at('value', set('ok'))]),
  patch('someDoc', [at('nested.value', set('something'))]),
])

// the mutation didn't cause anything to change
console.log(initial === updated)
//=> true

This is also the case for nodes unaffected by the mutations:

import {applyInCollection} from '@sanity/mutate/_unstable_apply'
import {at, createIfNotExists, patch, set} from '@sanity/mutate'

const initial = [
  {
    _id: 'someDoc',
    _type: 'foo',
    value: 'ok',
    nested: {value: 'something'},
    otherNested: {message: 'something else'},
  },
]

const updated = applyInCollection(initial, [
  createIfNotExists({_id: 'someDoc', _type: 'foo'}),
  patch('someDoc', [at('value', set('ok'))]),
  patch('someDoc', [at('nested.value', set('something'))]),
  patch('someDoc', [at('otherNested.message', set('hello'))]),
])

// the `nested` object unaffected by the mutation
console.log(initial[0].nested === updated[0].nested)
//=> true

Alternatively, a patch mutation can be applied to a single document as long as its id matches the document id of the mutation:

import {applyPatchMutation} from '@sanity/mutate/_unstable_apply'
import {at, insert, patch, setIfMissing} from '@sanity/mutate'

const document = {_id: 'test', _type: 'foo'}

const updated = applyPatchMutation(
  document,
  patch('test', [
    at('title', setIfMissing('Foo')),
    at('cities', setIfMissing([])),
    at('cities', insert(['Oslo', 'San Francisco'], 'after', 0)),
  ]),
)

console.log(updated)
/*=>
{
  _id: 'test',
  _type: 'foo',
  title: 'Foo',
  cities: [ 'Oslo', 'San Francisco' ]
}
*/

To better align with a strict type system, @sanity/mutate differs slightly from the Sanity API when applying patches. Although all the mutation types you can express with @sanity/mutate can also be expressed as Sanity API mutations, the inverse is not necessarily true; The Sanity API (e.g. a listener) may produce patches that can't be represented in @sanity/mutate without an extra conversion step that takes the current document into account. In addition, applying a patch in @sanity/mutate behaves differently from applying the same patch using the Sanity API on a few accounts:

• set andsetIfMissing does not create intermediate empty objects - Using the Sanity API, set and setIfMissing will create intermediate empty objects if any object along the given path doesn't already exist. In @sanity/mutate, these patches will only apply to already existing objects.
• Limited json match support. Sanity mutations supports a powerful path selection syntax for targeting multiple document nodes at once with json-match. To keep things simple, a @sanity/mutate patch can only target a single document node.