-ás
Appearance
See also: Appendix:Variations of "as"
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ás
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun. It may refer to a thing involved in the action or the action itself.
Usage notes
[edit]- (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
- -ás is added to back-vowel words
- -és is added to front-vowel words
- The suffix can be attached to any verb to make a noun that expresses the action or the process described by the verb itself, essentially like a gerund, more specifically an action noun (verbal noun):
- Another fairly common suffix in the same sense is -t, -tt, invariably followed by a possessive suffix and often by a case suffix as well, e.g. létrejötte, tudtommal, láttán, hallatán, futtában/kutyafuttában, jártában-keltében, ültében, együltében, szálltában, röptében, jártányi [ereje sincs], nyugtával [dicsérd a napot], megszűntével etc., and some of them have become nouns: napkelte, napnyugta.
- -tal/-tel/-atal/-etel also occur synonymously: kivitel, behozatal, jövetel, menetel, vétel (especially derivatives of the small irregular group of vesz, visz, tesz, hoz, megy, jön).
- Aside from the primary (action noun) meaning above, for some verbs, the derived noun also expresses the result or measurement (extent) of the process or action:
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -ás | -ások |
accusative | -ást | -ásokat |
dative | -ásnak | -ásoknak |
instrumental | -ással | -ásokkal |
causal-final | -ásért | -ásokért |
translative | -ássá | -ásokká |
terminative | -ásig | -ásokig |
essive-formal | -ásként | -ásokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | -ásban | -ásokban |
superessive | -áson | -ásokon |
adessive | -ásnál | -ásoknál |
illative | -ásba | -ásokba |
sublative | -ásra | -ásokra |
allative | -áshoz | -ásokhoz |
elative | -ásból | -ásokból |
delative | -ásról | -ásokról |
ablative | -ástól | -ásoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-ásé | -ásoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-áséi | -ásokéi |
Possessive forms of -ás | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | -ásom | -ásaim |
2nd person sing. | -ásod | -ásaid |
3rd person sing. | -ása | -ásai |
1st person plural | -ásunk | -ásaink |
2nd person plural | -ásotok | -ásaitok |
3rd person plural | -ásuk | -ásaik |