چالش
Appearance
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From چال (čâl, seemingly a variant of چل (čal), present stem of چلیدن (čalidan, “to walk, to go”)) + ـش (-eš). The modern sense of "challenge" is not found in Steingass, and the word in general seems quite rare in classical sources. The modern meaning may be a phono-semantic matching of English challenge or some other European language. Compare تنش (taneš, “tension”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [t͡ʃɑː.ˈliʃ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t͡ʃʰɒː.léʃ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t͡ʃʰɔ.líʃ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | čāliš |
Dari reading? | čāliš |
Iranian reading? | čâleš |
Tajik reading? | čoliš |
Noun
[edit]چالش • (čâleš)
- challenge, struggle
- (archaic) exertion in battle; martial conduct; (loosely) battle
- 1188, Niẓāmī Ganjavī, اسکندرنامه [Iskandarnāma][1]:
- بفرمود شه تا دلیران روم
نمایند چالش در آن مرز و بوم- bifarmūd šah tā dalērān-i rūm
nimāyand čāliš dar ān marz u būm - The king ordered that the brave men of Rome
Should display their martial gait in that borderland and country.
- bifarmūd šah tā dalērān-i rūm
- (obsolete, original sense) proud and sauntering gait
Derived terms
[edit]- چالشی (čâleši, “challenging”)
References
[edit]- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “چالش”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 260