Cwmdonkin Park
| Cwmdonkin Park | |
|---|---|
 Cwmdonkin Park | |
 | |
| Type | Public park |
| Location | Uplands Swansea, Wales |
| Area | 13 acres (5.3 ha) |
| Created | 1874 |
| Operated by | City and County of Swansea |
| Status | Open all year |
Cwmdonkin Park is an urban park situated in the Uplands area of Swansea, Wales. It has a children's play area, water gardens, tennis courts, and a bowling green. The park is known for its associations with Dylan Thomas, and is listed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
History
[edit]Cwmdonkin Park is a well-preserved urban park from the Victorian era. It sits on 13-acres of land which, at the time of the park's opening, was on the western edge of the town of Swansea. However, the park is now situated within the residential area of Uplands to the west of the city centre.[1]
The use of the land for public recreation originated with the creation of Cwmdonkin reservoir around 1850 by William Henry Smith and the Swansea Waterworks Company. The records of the Borough of Swansea and The Cambrian newspaper detail the somewhat controversial use of public funds to take over and run "the destructive pit at Cwmdonkin, euphemistically called a reservoir".[2][3][4]
The first suggestion to landscape the grounds around the reservoir was raised in 1853,[5] but it was not until 1874 that Swansea Council purchased two fields from Mr James Walters for £4,650 to create the park, which was opened on 24 July 1874.[6][7] There was some criticism that the park was in an essentially wealthy, middle-class area of town: this led to the emergence of the "Open Spaces Movement" led by William Thomas of Lan, which campaigned for more parks for deprived working class areas.[8]
Cwmdonkin's reservoir was filled in with rubble in the 1950s and landscaped to become a children's play area. The park's octagonal bandstand has also been removed. However, although their surfaces have been replaced by tarmac, the narrow winding paths at the west end of the park that were shown on an Ordnance Survey map in 1878 are largely unchanged.[1]
Associations with Dylan Thomas
[edit]Poet Dylan Thomas grew up near the park at 5 Cwmdonkin Drive. This semi-detached house, in which Thomas was born and lived until he was 23, is where he created two-thirds of his published work.[9] The house had been bought by his parents in August 1914 when it was newly-built, and Dylan was born in the front bedroom later that year on 27 October.[10][11]
Cwmdonkin Park features heavily in Thomas's radio broadcasts, Return Journey and Reminiscences of Childhood, and is the setting for his poem 'The Hunchback in the Park'. In the poem, Thomas mentions 'the fountain basin where I sailed my ship' – a reference to the park's cast-iron drinking fountain, which is still in place today (though the 'chained cup' has been removed).
In addition to the eponymous character of 'the hunchback', the poem also features a park keeper who is widely thought to be John Smallcoombe. Smallcoombe, or 'Old Smally', was Cwmdonkin's first park keeper, and was said to have been terrorised by the young Thomas and his friends.[12] A portrait of a much younger Smallcoombe in high-ranking Salvation Army uniform, painted around 1900, is on display as part of the 'Love the Words' exhibition at Swansea's Dylan Thomas Centre.[13]
Both Smallcoombe and Cwmdonkin Park also feature in the radio broadcast Return Journey, written by Thomas after Swansea was partially destroyed by the Three Night Blitz in February 1941. The broadcast concludes with Thomas attempting to find the younger version of himself in the park of his childhood, and asking the park keeper if he remembered the young boy who used to taunt him.[13]
Dylan Thomas died in New York on 9 November 1953, aged 39.[14] A memorial stone, inscribed with lines from his poem 'Fern Hill', was placed in Cwmdonkin Park to mark the ten-year anniversary of his death on 9 November 1963.[15][16] The stone originally came from Cwmrhydyceirw Quarry in the north of the city, where it was picked out by Dylan's friend Vernon Watkins and the sculptor Ronald Cour. Watkins wrote two poems inspired by the choosing of his friend's memorial stone: 'At Cwmrhydyceirw Quarry' and 'Cwmrhydyceirw Elegaics'.[17] The inscription on the stone later became obscured by moss and erosion, before being restored in 2018.[16]
Cwmdonkin Park also features as one of the places mentioned in Watkins' poem 'Ode to Swansea', published in The Atlantic in April 1953.[18]
Other notable people
[edit]
In addition to the poets Dylan Thomas and Vernon Watkins, Cwmdonkin Park also has links with several other notable people. In the early 1950s, Kingsley Amis, Martin Amis and Sally Amis lived at 24 The Grove, close to the southern entrance to the park. In 2015, a blue plaque honouring the older Amis was unveiled on the house.[19]
From the age of 11, the professional tennis player Mike Davies learnt to play on the park's courts.[20] Davies enjoyed a sixty-year career in tennis, first as a player (including a period as the number one ranked player in Great Britain and a member of the British Davis Cup team), then later as an entrepreneur and one of the pioneers of the professional game.[21][22]
Refurbishment
[edit]On 7 September 2013, after an extensive £1.39m refurbishment, the park reopened in time to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Dylan Thomas's birth.[23] The park is listed at Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.[24]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "English – Coflein". coflein.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ Held at the West Glamorgan Archive Service
- ^ "Swansea Council Cambrian Indexing Project". Archived from the original on 15 July 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2007.
- ^ Editorial from the Cambrian newspaper, 14 May 1869
- ^ Waters and Sewers Committee minutes, 23 Sept 1853 (TC 67/1/2: 174).
- ^ The Cambrian, 10 July 1874 p.5
- ^ Davies, Rowley. "Cwmdonkin Park", South Wales Evening Post, 29 Oct 1974.
- ^ Davies, Rice and J. Roberts, "Prize Essays on the desirability and advantages of recreation grounds for Swansea", Swansea: Cambrian Books Publishing Company, 1895
- ^ "Dylan Thomas Birthplace | VisitWales". www.visitwales.com. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ "History - Birthplace and heritage home of Welsh writer Dylan Thomas". 15 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ "Dylan Thomas's Swansea childhood bedroom reopens". BBC News. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ "Cwmdonkin Park". DylanThomas.com. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ a b "Oil Painting - portrait of Cwmdonkin Park Keeper John Smallcombe". DylanThomas.com. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ Ezard, John; correspondent, arts (27 November 2004). "History has Dylan Thomas dying from drink. But now, a new theory". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
{{cite news}}:|last2=has generic name (help) - ^ "Cwmdonkin Park, Swansea". Dylan Thomas 100. 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ^ a b "Restored Dylan Thomas memorial unveiled in Swansea". BBC News. 9 November 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ Jenkins, Nigel (2012). Real Swansea Two. Seren Books. p. 180. ISBN 9781854116482.
- ^ Watkins, Vernon (1 April 1959). "Ode to Swansea". The Atlantic. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ "Sir Kingsley Amis blue plaque unveiled in Swansea". BBC News. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ "Mike Davies: The man who shaped modern tennis". BBC News. 5 July 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ WalesOnline (3 July 2011). "Tennis: Welsh Wimbledon finalist Mike Davies reflects on colourful career". WalesOnline. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ Evans, Richard (10 January 2016). "Mike Davies obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ "Swansea: The latest news, sport, what's on and business from Swansea and Gower".
- ^ Cadw. "Cwmdonkin Park (PGW(Gm)48(SWA))". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 6 February 2023.