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Pirkanmaa

Coordinates: 61°42′N 23°43′E / 61.700°N 23.717°E / 61.700; 23.717
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pirkanmaa
Birkaland
Region
Region of Pirkanmaa
Pirkanmaan maakunta (Finnish)
Landskapet Birkaland (Swedish)
Flag of Pirkanmaa
Flag
Coat of arms of Pirkanmaa
Coat of arms
Pirkanmaa on a map of Finland
Pirkanmaa on a map of Finland
Coordinates: 61°42′N 23°43′E / 61.700°N 23.717°E / 61.700; 23.717
CountryFinland
Historical provinceSatakunta, Tavastia
CapitalTampere
Other townsAkaa, Ikaalinen, Kangasala, Mänttä-Vilppula, Nokia, Orivesi, Parkano, Sastamala, Valkeakoski, Virrat and Ylöjärvi
Area
 • Total
14,469.39 km2 (5,586.66 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
529,100
 • Density37/km2 (95/sq mi)
GDP
[1]
 • Total€17.437 billion (2015)
 • Per capita€34,546 (2015)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
ISO 3166 codeFI-11
NUTS192
Regional animalWhite-tailed deer (Odocoileus albavirginianus)
Regional birdWhite wagtail (Motacilla alba)
Regional fishAsp (Aspius aspius)
Regional flowerBird cherry (Prunus padus)
Regional stoneOrbiculite
Regional lakeLake Längelmävesi
Websitepirkanmaa.fi

Pirkanmaa (Finnish: [ˈpirkɑˌmːɑː]; Swedish: Birkaland; Latin: Birkaria), also known as Tampere Region in government documents,[2] is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, South Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Päijät-Häme, Kanta-Häme and Southwest Finland. Most of the water area in the Kokemäki River watershed is located in the Pirkanmaa region, although Lake Vanajavesi is partly in the Kanta-Häme region. The region got its name from Pirkkala, which in the Middle Ages comprised most of present-day Pirkanmaa.[3] Tampere is the regional center and capital of Pirkanmaa, and at the same time the largest city in the region.

The total population of Pirkanmaa was 529,100 on 30 June 2022,[4] which makes it the second largest among Finland's regions after Uusimaa. The population density is well over twice the Finnish average, and most of its population is largely concentrated in the Tampere metropolitan area.

History

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Pirkanmaa has been inhabited for thousands of years. In the Bronze Age, agriculture replaced hunting, and in the Iron Age a settlement stretched from Eurajoki to Längelmäki, which was Finland's northernmost area of peasant culture from the 8th century. In the 11th century, the settlement was concentrated along River Kokemäenjoki and Lake Pyhäjärvi. In the 14th century, present-day Pirkanmaa was part of the historical Satakunta, the main part of which was Upper Satakunta and a small part of which was also Lower Satakunta. After the wilderness period, the absence of towns slowed down development. King Gustav III founded Tampere in 1775, and in the 1840s it became Finland's most important industrial centre. New inventions such as sawdust, cellulose and papermaking boosted development. Industries were established in Valkeakoski, Nokia and Mänttä, among others. Tampere became the centre of the province and a railway junction.

During the Finnish Civil War, Pirkanmaa was under the control of the Reds and Tampere was the centre of the Reds. After the war, industrialisation intensified. During the Winter War, Tampere and other cities were bombed. The County of Pirkanmaa was established in 1956. The county was also called Tammermaa, but gradually Pirkanmaa became the name of the region. In the 1950s, the only city in the province was Tampere, but from 1963 to 1977 the municipalities were made into cities. The number of municipalities decreased in the second half of the 20th century, and old place names were reintroduced as municipalities merged. In 1994 Finland was divided into 20 functional economic provinces, and Pirkanmaa was one of them.

Regional division

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Historical provinces

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For history, geography and culture, see Tavastia (historical province) and Satakunta (historical province).

Municipalities

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Main article: Municipalities of Pirkanmaa

The region of Pirkanmaa consists of 23 municipalities, 12 of which have city status (marked in bold).

Municipalities on the map

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class=notpageimage|
Cities and municipalities of Pirkanmaa.

Sub-regions

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Tampere sub-region:

North Western Pirkanmaa sub-region:

Upper Pirkanmaa sub-region:

Southern Pirkanmaa sub-region:

South Western Pirkanmaa sub-region:

List of municipalities

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Coat of
arms 		Municipality Population Land area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2) 		Finnish
speakers 		Swedish
speakers 		Other
speakers
coat of arms of Akaa Akaa 16,398 293 56 97 % 0.2 % 3 %
Coat of arms of Hämeenkyrö Hämeenkyrö 10,362 464 22 97 % 0.2 % 2 %
coat of arms of Ikaalinen Ikaalinen 6,781 750 9 96 % 0.2 % 5 %
coat of arms of Juupajoki Juupajoki 1,667 258 6 100 % 0.2 % 2 %
Coat of arms of Kangasala Kangasala 33,905 658 52 95 % 0.2 % 3 %
coat of arms of Kihniö Kihniö 1,694 357 5 102 % 0 % 2 %
Coat of arms of Kuhmoinen Kuhmoinen 2,052 661 3 99 % 0.5 % 2 %
Coat of arms of Lempäälä Lempäälä 24,875 270 92 96 % 0.3 % 3 %
coat of arms of Mänttä-Vilppula Mänttä-Vilppula 9,311 535 17 96 % 0.2 % 4 %
Coat of arms of Nokia Nokia 36,083 288 125 95 % 0.3 % 4 %
Coat of arms of Orivesi Orivesi 8,848 800 11 97 % 0.2 % 2 %
coat of arms of Parkano Parkano 6,088 853 7 97 % 0.1 % 3 %
Coat of arms of Pirkkala Pirkkala 20,996 81 258 94 % 0.4 % 5 %
Coat of arms of Punkalaidun Punkalaidun 2,612 361 7 98 % 0.1 % 3 %
Coat of arms of Pälkäne Pälkäne 6,251 561 11 97 % 0.4 % 4 %
coat of arms of Ruovesi Ruovesi 4,073 777 5 98 % 0.3 % 3 %
Coat of arms of Sastamala Sastamala 23,530 1,429 16 97 % 0.2 % 3 %
Coat of arms of Tampere Tampere 260,051 525 495 87 % 0.5 % 10 %
coat of arms of Urjala Urjala 4,505 476 9 98 % 0.3 % 3 %
coat of arms of Valkeakoski Valkeakoski 20,816 272 77 94 % 0.2 % 5 %
Coat of arms of Vesilahti Vesilahti 4,508 301 15 97 % 0.5 % 2 %
coat of arms of Virrat Virrat 6,199 1,163 5 98 % 0.1 % 3 %
Coat of arms of Ylöjärvi Ylöjärvi 33,651 1,116 30 97 % 0.4 % 3 %
Total 545,256 13,249 41 92 % 0.4 % 7 %

Economy

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The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 18.3 billion € in 2016, accounting for 8.5% of Finnish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €36,040 or 92% of the EU27 average in the same year. Pirkanmaa's GDP was the second highest among the regions and the seventh highest among the nineteen regions per capita.[5]

The economic structure of Pirkanmaa typically focuses on services for post-industrial society. A nationally significant ICT concentration has grown in Tampere. Thanks to its population base, the city is also a major trading center. Industry's share of value added and jobs in Pirkanmaa is higher than the Finnish average. The region is one of Finland's main centers of manufacturing, has a long tradition of industrial activity and a good education network. The industry is largely concentrated in Tampere and its surroundings, such as towns of Nokia and Valkeakoski. Mänttä-Vilppula is also a major industrial center. Agriculture accounts for a small share of economic activity. In the western part of the region, agricultural production is dominated by dairy cattle, in the south by cereals, and in the north by forestry.[6][7][8]

Language

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Languages in Pirkanmaa (2018)[9]
Languages percent
Finnish
 
 94.8%
Russian
 
 0.83%
Arabic
 
 0.48%
Estonian
 
 0.43%
Swedish
 
 0.38%
Persian
 
 0.35%
English
 
 0.30%

Pirkanmaa is a rather linguistically homogeneous region: in 2018, almost 490,000 people, or about 95 per cent of the county's population, spoke Finnish as their mother tongue. For Finno-speakers, the national population share of Pirkanmaa was 10,1 per cent.[9] In the 2010s, the number of Finnish-speakers has increased only in Uusimaa, Pirkanmaa and Northern Ostrobothnia, and slightly in Southwest Finland and Åland.[10]

The Swedish-speaking settlement settled in Finland in the Middle Ages did not extend to the area of present-day Pirkanmaa, so the number and share of Finno-Swedes in the province is small. In 2018, about two thousand people spoke Swedish as their mother tongue in Pirkanmaa.[9] In 2017, 27 people spoke Sámi as their mother tongue in Pirkanmaa. The second most spoken language in Pirkanmaa is Russian, in 2018 it was used by four thousand people as their mother tongue.[9]

Regional council

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The regional council is the main governing body for region and focuses primarily on urban planning. Like all regional councils, it is mandated by law.

Politics

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Results of the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election in Pirkanmaa:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Regions and Cities > Regional Statistics > Regional Economy > Regional GDP per Capita, OECD.Stats. Accessed on 16 November 2018.
  2. ^ "Welcome to the Tampere Region". Council of Tampere Region. Archived from the original on 2015-11-25. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
  3. ^ Viljo Rasila (1985). Pirkanmaan synty (in Finnish). Tampereen historiallinen seura. pp. 6–25.
  4. ^ "Preliminary population structure by Month, Area, Sex, Age and Information". Statistics Finland. 2022-07-21. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
  5. ^ "Tilastokeskuksen PX-Web-tietokannat" (in Finnish). Tilastokeskus. December 5, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  6. ^ "Pirkanmaa – Maakunnan yleisesittely" (PDF) (in Finnish). Pirkanmaan liitto. 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  7. ^ "Pirkanmaan talous 2013" (PDF) (in Finnish). Pirkanmaan liitto. 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  8. ^ "Pirkanmaa – Maakuntakaava 2040" (PDF) (in Finnish). Pirkanmaan liitto. March 3, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d "Tilastokeskuksen PX-Web-tietokannat / Väestö 31.12. muuttujina Maakunta, Kieli, Ikä, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot". Suomen virallinen tilasto (SVT): Väestörakenne [verkkojulkaisu] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Tilastokeskus. March 29, 2019. ISSN 1797-5379. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  10. ^ "Tilastokeskuksen PX-Web-tietokannat / Väestö 31.12. muuttujina Kieli, Maakunta, Ikä, Sukupuoli ja Vuosi". Suomen virallinen tilasto (SVT): Väestörakenne [verkkojulkaisu] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Tilastokeskus. March 29, 2017. ISSN 1797-5379. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
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Media related to Pirkanmaa at Wikimedia Commons Pirkanmaa travel guide from Wikivoyage

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