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Mae Young

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Mae Young
Young in 2001
Born
Johnnie Mae Young

(1923-03-12)March 12, 1923
Sand Springs, Oklahoma, U.S.
DiedJanuary 14, 2014(2014-01-14) (aged 90)
Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.
Resting placeGreenlawn Memorial Park
Columbia, South Carolina
Other namesBillie Young[1]
The Great Mae Young[1]
Madame X[1]
Mae the Queen[1]
Mrs. Stasiak[1]
Marie Young[2]
OccupationProfessional wrestler
Years active1939–2014
Ring name(s)Mae Young[3]
Miss May Young
The Queen
Billed height5 ft 3 in (160 cm)
Billed fromSand Springs, Oklahoma[3]
Trained byMildred Burke[2]
DebutAugust 20, 1939[3][4]
RetiredNovember 15, 2010
Signature

Johnnie Mae Young[5] (March 12, 1923 – January 14, 2014) was an American professional wrestler, trainer and promoter.[6] She wrestled throughout the United States and Canada and won multiple titles in the National Wrestling Alliance. Young is considered one of the pioneers in women's wrestling as she helped to increase the popularity of the sport throughout the 1940s and during World War II. In 1954, she and Mildred Burke were among the first female competitors to tour post-war Japan.

Beginning in 1999, Young had a renewal success in her career after joining World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE).[7] Young was part of a recurring comedic duo with best friend The Fabulous Moolah in appearances on WWE televised events.[5] Young is also remembered for taking bumps well past the age of 80 on televised programming. In 2004, she was inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum as part of their "Lady Wrestler" category. On March 29, 2008, Young was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.

In 2017, an all-female professional wrestling tournament was introduced by WWE and was named Mae Young Classic as a tribute to her memory. Its purpose was to showcase the new female wrestlers that had signed with the company and were in development, as well as independent circuit veterans from around the world. The winner received a contract with WWE and a trophy for their achievement. After the second tournament in 2018, the tournament was discontinued.[8]

Early life

[edit]

Johnnie Mae Young was born in Sand Springs, Oklahoma, on March 12, 1923.[5] She was the youngest of eight children (one died at birth). Her mother Lilly Mae Young was a single mother (her partner left to find work and never returned) living during the Great Depression. Young's oldest sister Inie was severely disabled by whooping cough at a very young age.[5] Young was an amateur wrestler on her high school's boys' wrestling team at the age of fifteen.[4][7][5] Her brothers Fred, Eugen, Lawarence, and Everett taught her to wrestle and helped her join the team. Young also played softball with Tulsa's national championship team.[4][7]

Professional wrestling career

[edit]

Beginnings (1939–1950)

[edit]

While still in high school, Young went to a professional wrestling show and challenged then-champion Mildred Burke when she visited Tulsa to wrestle Gladys Gillem.[4][5] Because the promoters told her she could not wrestle the champion, she wrestled Gillem in a shoot fight, beating her within seconds.[5] After the fight, promoter Billy Wolfe wanted Young to become a professional wrestler.[5] She left home two years later to wrestle professionally.[4] Young later traveled to Charlotte, North Carolina, where she met and trained with The Fabulous Moolah and also met Ed "Strangler" Lewis who told her "I don't like girl wrestlers, women should be in the kitchen, but after seeing you, you was born to be a wrestler."[9]

I learned to wrestle amateur in Sand Springs so I never heard of women professional wrestlers but one day I heard in tulsa paper there was going to be a women's world championship match come to town of Oklahoma so I immediately got at home with my brother and I shout hey let's you and I go over cause I am going to challenge that champion named Mildred Burke, so I went and there was a promoter (Billy Wolfe) at that time and I told him I want to challenge the world's champion Mildred Burke, he said you can't do that cause you never wrestle a wrestling match, I said yeah but I beat her, I can beat her so the only one who was Burke's adversary at the time, he broke over that there was only two other girl wrestlers in the whole world that was Gladys Gillem and a girl with the name of Elvira Snodgrass so I asked the wrestling coach in Sand Springs and I said I want to try out to be a professional wrestler so it brought Kill'em Guillem over and he put me in one corner Gladys in another so he snailed the bell and I run over her taking her down like a bull and beat her in just seconds, then Billy put me against Elvira Snodgrass and I also beat her in seconds, so then Billy says to me well he says I think I may make a girl wrestler of you.

—Young in 2008 during her WWE Hall of Fame speech of induction.[9][failed verification]

There have been conflicting reports as to the year in which Young began her career. Young claimed her first match was August 20, 1939,[4] while WWE said she "started her professional career" this year.[7] However, Young also once said her first match was March 22, 1940.[10] According to Dave Meltzer of The Wrestling Observer, historians have been unable to find any records that she began in 1939 and that her first match was most likely in 1941.[11] Meltzer wrote, "In reality, Young is believed to have competed in seven decades, matching the record held by Lou Thesz. ... You really couldn't call [her] 2010 match anything resembling a pro wrestling match, even giving as much leeway as possible. While she always claimed to have started in 1939, at 16, historians researching have been unable to find any records of her wrestling prior to 1941, when she turned 18 and went on tour with Billy Wolfe's troupe."[11]

In 1941, Young, along with Mildred Burke, opened up Canada for female wrestling.[5] In Canada, they worked for Stu Hart.[5] She was wrestling in Memphis, Tennessee, on December 7, 1941, the day that Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese, which led to the United States entering World War II.[5] During the war, Young helped women take advantage of the fact that the men were fighting overseas by expanding their role in the sport.[4][7]

Various wrestling promotions (1950–1970s)

[edit]

She fought under the nicknames of "The Queen" and "The Great Mae Young", but she used her real name for most of her matches. During the 1950s, she wrestled for Mildred Burke's World Women's Wrestling Association (WWWA). In 1954, Young and Burke were some of the first females to tour Japan after the war.[7] In 1951, she became the National Wrestling Alliance's (NWA) first Florida Women's Champion. Five years later in September 1956, she participated in the battle royal to determine the new NWA World Women's Champion after June Byers was stripped of the title, but the championship was won by Young's friend The Fabulous Moolah.[12] In 1968, she became the NWA's first United States Women's Champion. She wrestled for WWWF in two matches in 1969 and 1972. At this point it is unknown when Mae left the wrestling business and retired. In the late 70s, Mae worked in the real estate business in San Leandro California.

As an instructor, her students included Ric "The Equalizer" Drasin[3] and The Fabulous Moolah.[4][3]

Ladies International Wrestling Association (LIWA) (1993–1998)

[edit]

In 1993, Young would come out of retirement and started wrestling again for the first time in over 20 years.[13] She worked for Fabulous Moolah's Ladies International Wrestling Association based in Las Vegas. On June 21, 1996, she teamed with Fabulous Moolah at LIWA Golden Girls Extravaganza event in Las Vegas where they wrestled Liz Chase and Lori Lynn to a no contest.[14] She continued working with LIWA and even teaming with Moolah until 1998. She left the promotion and went to the WWF in 1999.

World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE (1994, 1999-2013)

[edit]

Early appearance and arrival (1994, 1999–2001)

[edit]

Before her official recognition by WWE fans, she made a cameo appearance being shown by the camera along with The Fabulous Moolah, Freddie Blassie, Lou Albano, and Nikolai Volkoff in the crowd of the WrestleMania X event on March 20, 1994.[15]

Young made her official debut in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) on the September 9, 1999, episode of SmackDown!, where she was introduced with The Fabulous Moolah and later was attacked by Jeff Jarrett being put into the figure-four leglock.[7] After this appearance, both Mae and Moolah began appearing regularly on WWF televised shows. Mae made her WWF in-ring debut on the September 27 episode of Raw is War; along with Moolah, she competed in a handicapped evening gown match against WWF Women's Champion Ivory, who stripped Mae from her gown before Moolah picked up the victory.[16] At No Mercy on October 17, Mae managed Moolah, who defeated Ivory for the championship – her last wrestling title before her death in 2007.[3][17] At Survivor Series on November 14, she and Moolah competed in an eight-woman tag team match along with Debra and Tori against Ivory, Jacqueline, Terri Runnels, and Luna Vachon, with their team coming out victorious.[18]

At the Royal Rumble event on January 23, 2000, Mae Young won the Miss Royal Rumble 2000 swimsuit contest and afterwards flashed her breasts. However, she was actually wearing a prosthesis and did not actually expose herself.[19] At the end of 1999 and through 2000, Mae developed a storyline along with "Sexual Chocolate" Mark Henry where she started dating him,[4] which included a kayfabe pregnancy and attacks by The Dudley Boyz, specifically Bubba Ray Dudley who performed powerbombs on Young through tables twice in consecutive episodes of Raw – the first being in the ring and the second, in which Young was originally reliant on a wheelchair, being off the entryway stage as what has been described as the most notorious powerbomb in WWE history. Mae was 77 years of age at the time, but expressed enthusiasm for the stunt.[4][20] Her child was eventually delivered and found to be nothing more than a bloody rubber hand.[21] On April 2, Mae accompanied The Kat at WrestleMania 2000 to her match against Terri Runnels; Kat lost the match as Mae was distracted by kissing the guest referee, Val Venis, before attacking Terri and her manager, Moolah.[22]

Young in 1943

On December 24, 2001, Young and Moolah appeared backstage on the Christmas Eve edition of Raw, which marked their last appearance before returning in the summer of 2002.[23]

Return and sporadic appearances (2002–2007)

[edit]

On the July 29, 2002, episode of Raw, Mae Young returned along with Moolah, to promote her new book: "The Fabulous Moolah: First Goddess of the Squared Circle" before being attacked by 3-Minute Warning on orders of general manager Eric Bischoff.[24] On the September 15, 2003, episode of Raw, she accompanied Moolah at her last wrestling singles match, in which she defeated Victoria before being attacked by Randy Orton and an infuriated Victoria.[25] On June 15 at Bad Blood, Mae appeared during a segment along with Stone Cold Steve Austin and Eric Bischoff where she stripped herself in the ring and shared a passionate kiss with Eric Bischoff and performed a bronco buster on Bischoff before being stunned by Austin.[26]

In 2004, Mae Young was inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum as part of their Lady wrestler category class of that year.[27] On the September 23 episode of SmackDown!, Young teamed with Moolah and defeated Dawn Marie and Torrie Wilson.[28]

On March 23, 2005, Moolah and Mae Young appeared on the Late Night with Conan O'Brien show to promote their 2005 documentary in which they starred about their 1950s heyday along with several other lady wrestlers of their era.[29] On January 8, 2006, at New Year's Revolution, Young re−appeared along with Moolah during a bra & panties gauntlet match where she stripped herself before being attacked by Victoria as she left the ring, which led to both women retaliate and rip off Victoria's shirt.[30] At WrestleMania 22 on April 2, Young appeared along with Moolah during a backstage segment with Snitsky.[31]

At WrestleMania 23 on April 1, 2007, Mae Young appeared during a backstage segment along with several other WWE Superstars and Hall of Famers.[32] On the August 24 episode of SmackDown, Mae Young made a special appearance winning a Divas bikini contest.[33] Mae's last appearance with Moolah before her death came at SummerSlam in August 2007, both appeared during a backstage segment along with Vince McMahon and Raw's general manager, William Regal, two months prior to her friend's death.[34] On December 10, 2007 episode of Raw’s 15th Anniversary, Young was involved in a segment alongside Melina, Sunny, Hornswoggle, Triple H, Shane McMahon, Stephanie McMahon and Vince McMahon.[35]

WWE Hall of Fame, retirement and final appearances (2008–2013)

[edit]

On March 29, 2008, Young was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as part of the 2008 class. At the ceremony, she was inducted by fellow wrestler and friend, Pat Patterson.[36] The next night at WrestleMania XXIV, she appeared when she was introduced as part of the 2008 Hall of Fame class.[37] On the 800th episode of Raw on November 3, Mae Young competed in a 16-Diva tag match, where she was pinned by Beth Phoenix.[38]

At WrestleMania XXV on April 5, 2009, Mae Young appeared as the special guest time keeper for the 25-Diva battle royal, which was won by Santina Marella.[39]

On the November 15, 2010, "Old School" edition of Raw, Young appeared alongside several WWE legends. Later that night, she was involved in a segment with LayCool, where the latter insulted her, resulting in a Falls Count Anywhere handicap match against LayCool, thus becoming the first person to wrestle over the age of 80, the first person to wrestle in nine different decades and her final stipulated wrestling match.[40]

At WrestleMania XXVII on April 3, 2011, Mae appeared backstage during a segment along with The Rock and Eve Torres.[41] During the May 2 episode of Raw, Vickie Guerrero and Dolph Ziggler mockingly presented Mae as a "birthday gift" to The Rock, who responded by kissing Young.[42]

Mae Young appeared on SmackDown: Blast from the Past (April 10, 2012), kissing The Great Khali.[43] and Raw 1000 (July 23, 2012), during which she was escorted by a man dressed in a giant hand costume, claiming to be her son.[44] On September 24 episode of Raw, Mae appeared in one of Kane and Daniel Bryan's "Anger Management" skits.[45] On the December 31 episode of Raw, Mae Young was warming up for her match with then-Divas Champion Eve Torres and began experiencing stomach cramps as it was later determined that she was once again pregnant and gave birth to "Baby New Year", played by Hornswoggle.[46]

In her last on-screen appearance on the March 4, 2013, episode of Old School Raw, Mae Young's 90th birthday celebration was interrupted by CM Punk.[47] Backstage, WWE Chairman Vince McMahon and WWE executive Triple H presented her with a personally monogrammed Divas Championship belt.[48]

Professional wrestling persona

[edit]

Little is known about Young's character before WWE, but it has been widely speculated that she was the first female wrestler to use a dropkick. She is remembered in WWE for her comedic performances.[21][49] Among her finishing and signature moves included the elbow drop[1][3] and the bronco buster, in which she used to perform the famous D-Generation X crotch chop taunt.[26][28] Young is also remembered for taking bumps, one of her most famous spots was being powerbombed through a table off the wrestling arena stage by Bubba Ray Dudley at the age of 77.[50] Another famous bump of hers was when she was attacked along with The Fabulous Moolah by 3-Minute Warning, where she was scoop slammed and diving splashed by Rosey and Jamal at the age of 79.[24]

Other media

[edit]

Video games

[edit]

Young appeared in one WWE video game, that being WWF No Mercy as an unlockable character,[51] and was also featured on the mobile game for iOS and Android, WWE SuperCard.[52][non-primary source needed][53]

Toys

[edit]

In 2007, Mae Young appeared on Jakks Pacific WWE Classic Superstars Series 18. On September 12, 2017, WWE unveiled an exclusive fashion doll done by toy brand Mattel of Mae Young.[54]

In November 2020, a Mae Young action figure was included in the Mattel WWE Elite 81 series as a rare exclusive collector's one.[55]

Personal life

[edit]

As a sign of friendship for meeting her longtime friend The Fabulous Moolah, she called her "Lilian" while Moolah referred to her by Young.[9] In 1991, Young quit the wrestling business and moved to California to become a Christian evangelist and take care of her mother, who was sick.[56] She later renounced her evangelist lifestyle.[56] In 1991, she moved in with The Fabulous Moolah and midget wrestler Katie Glass at a house in Columbia, South Carolina, an arrangement which lasted until Moolah's death in November 2007.

Death

[edit]
Young's crypt located at Greenlawn Memorial Park in Columbia, South Carolina. Prior to her death (up), after her death (down)
Young marker and the nearby Moolah crypt

On December 31, 2013, it was reported that Young had been hospitalized.[57] The Charleston Post & Courier erroneously reported that she had died on January 9, 2014.[58] Young's death was announced by the WWE on the morning of January 14 after having died at her home in Columbia, South Carolina.[59][60][61] Young was entombed at Greenlawn Memorial Park in Columbia, South Carolina, the same cemetery where her longtime friend The Fabulous Moolah also rests.[61]

Legacy

[edit]

Mae Young is a highly respected figure and one of the pioneers in wrestling industry. She is overall a three-time champion. Her career spanned nine decades, a career that spanned longer than any wrestler in the wrestling business.[62][63] Young and Mildred Burke were the first women to wrestle in Canada.[64] Her last match broke history when she was regarded as the oldest wrestler to ever have a match at the age of 87.[65] Some of her notable trainees were WWE Hall of Famers The Fabulous Moolah and June Byers.[66][67][68] On December 7, 1941, Mae was wrestling in Memphis, Tennessee, the day Pearl Harbor was bombed and the United States entered World War II.[69][70] WWE Hall of Famer Pat Patterson said: “There's been only one Mae Young, and there will be only one ever.”[71] Wrestling legend Dutch Mantell describe Mae Young as the greatest woman wrestler ever.[72]

She is often recognized by wrestling historians, journalists and colleagues as one of the toughest female wrestlers ever for her willingness to take hard bumps from the male wrestlers. Vince McMahon stated: “There will never be another Mae Young. Her longevity in sports entertainment may never be matched, and I will forever be grateful for all of her contributions to the industry.”[70] WWE Hall of Famer The Fabulous Moolah stated: “Mae Young, she's tough. She taught me a lot.”[73] In 2008, WWE Hall of Famer Jim Ross said: “When it comes to who was the toughest woman, there are no debates. Johnnie Mae Young is universally considered to be the baddest of the bad when it comes to women's wrestling.”[70] Pro wrestling legend “Classy” Freddie Blassie said that: “Mae could kick the hell out of 67% of the men.”[74]

In the book Sisterhood of The Squared Circle by Pat Laprade and Dan Murphy, wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer stated, "There is little doubt she was among the toughest of any of the women wrestlers who were in the so-called golden age in the ’40s and early ’50s."[75] After taking hard bumps from the Dudley Boyz, they describe Mae as: “The toughest man we had ever been in the ring with”.[76] For her longevity, impact and contributions to the industry, she was inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum in 2004 and later into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2008.

Posthumous honors

[edit]

On January 14, 2014, the exact day of Mae's death, WWE pay tribute to her with a posthumous video which included highlights of her career,[77] and another one six days later on January 20.[78] On January 16, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling dedicated their live Genesis episode of Impact Wrestling to the memory of Young.[79] On January 17, SmackDown was also dedicated to her memory.[80] Two weeks later, Shine 16 dedicated to her a ten-bell salute.[81]

On March 20, 2017, WWE honored Young during their Women's History Month, a video was released where she was credited as the women pioneer of professional wrestling. WWE praised for her contributions to the wrestling business by Stephanie McMahon, the late Fabulous Moolah, Ivory, Beth Phoenix and Pat Patterson.[82] On July 30, multiple superstars from the Mae Young Classic recognized and honored Mae's legacy and life, among them Lita, Jim Ross, Lacey Evans, Mercedes Martinez, Bianca Belair, Marti Belle and Vanessa Borne.[83]

Mae Young Classic

[edit]
Main article: Mae Young Classic

On April 1, 2017, WWE announced that a women's tournament would be taking place in the summer of 2017 at a press conference during the WrestleMania 33 weekend and that there were going to be a total of 32 wrestlers competing.[84]

The tournament was named after Young as an honor to her and it was exclusively for women from both NXT and the independent circuit, it took place on July 13 and 14, 2017, which aired on the WWE Network on August 28 (round 1) and September 4 (round 2, quarterfinals, and semifinals), and the final match aired live on September 12, also on the WWE Network.[85] The finalists of the inaugural tournament were Shayna Baszler and Kairi Sane, with the winner being Sane on September 12.[86]

In 2018, the tournament turned annual as it was announced a second event for the Mae Young Classic.[87] The winner of the 2018 tournament was Toni Storm on October 28, and she was crowned at the first ever all women's pay–per–view WWE Evolution.[88]

Filmography

[edit]

Film

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes
2004 Lipstick and Dynamite, Piss and Vinegar: The First Ladies of Wrestling Herself Documentary

Television

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes
2003 Law & Order: Criminal Intent Ms. Edwards Episode: "A Person of Interest"
2005 Late Night with Conan O'Brien Herself Guest

Championships and accomplishments

[edit]
Mae Young with Bruno Sammartino during a Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame event in 2012

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Mae Young Wrestlingdata profile". Wrestlingdata. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  2. ^ a b "Mae Young". Cagematch. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Mae Young". WWE. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Scherer, Dave (October 2000). "Life Begins At 77: Mae Young Interview". Wrestling Digest. Archived from the original on December 9, 2007. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Ryan Nation (March 27, 2008). "HOFer Mae Young vows to keep wrestling". Slam! Wrestling. Canadian Online Explorer. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved October 29, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. ^ Santos, Cory (January 5, 2024). "The hidden history of Mae Young, wrestling promoter". Slam Wrestling. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Hall of Fame: Mae Young". WWE. March 2008. Archived from the original on March 27, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2008.
  8. ^ MUELLER, THE DOCTOR CHRIS. "Mae Young Classic 2017 Results: Winners, Grades and Reaction for Round of 32". syndication.bleacherreport.com. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
  9. ^ a b c Mike, Johnson (March 29, 2008). "FULL WWE HALL OF FAME COVERAGE INCLUDING WHAT YOU DIDN'T SEE ON WWE.COM AND USA NETWORK". PWInsider. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  10. ^ Oliver, Greg (January 15, 2014). "Mae Young, 1923–2014: 'That's my life, the wrestling world'". Slam! Wrestling. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. ^ a b Meltzer, Dave (January 20, 2014). "Jan 20 Wrestling Observer Newsletter: Tons of notes on the WWE Network, AAA breaking into the US, GSP talks why he walked away, Mae Young life and times, more". The Wrestling Observer.
  12. ^ Ellison, Lillian. First Goddess of the Squared Circle, p. 98.
  13. ^ "Wrestlingdata.com – The World's Largest Wrestling Database".
  14. ^ "Cage Match".
  15. ^ Alundra Blayze, Leilani Kai, Mae Young, The Fabulous Moolah, Freddie Blassie, Lou Albano, and Nikolai Volkoff (April 11, 2012). Alundra Blayze vs. Leilani Kai – WWE WrestleMania X. WWE. Event occurs at 5:05. 6khpnnwY2No. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
  16. ^ "WWF Monday Night Raw". iwd. September 28, 1999. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  17. ^ Wade, Keller (October 17, 2010). "WWF NO MERCY FLASHBACK REPORT – 11 YRS. AGO (10–17–99): Jarrett leaves WWE for WCW, Hunter vs. Austin main event, Hardys vs. Edge & Christian". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  18. ^ Wade, Keller (November 20, 2009). "KELLER'S WWE SURVIVOR SERIES PPV REPORT 10 YRS. AGO (11–14–99): Big Show vs. Triple H vs. The Rock, Edge & Christian & Hardys team, Chris Jericho vs. Chyna". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  19. ^ Wade, Keller (January 23, 2000). "WWE ROYAL RUMBLE FLASHBACK – 11 yrs. ago (01–23–00): Rock wins Rumble, Triple H vs. Cactus Jack, Tazz's WWE debut, Torch Roundtable Reviews". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  20. ^ "Mae Young and the Dudley Boyz powerbomb". SLAM! Wrestling. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 16, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  21. ^ a b "Mae Young goes into labor: Raw, February 28, 2000". WWE. February 28, 2000. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
  22. ^ Wade, Keller (March 19, 2010). "WWE WRESTLEMANIA COUNTDOWN – 2000 PPV Report (WM 16): Rock vs. Hunter vs. Foley vs. Big Show, Angle vs. Benoit vs. Jericho". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  23. ^ "WWF RAW Results (December 24, 2001)". WrestleView. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  24. ^ a b Adam, Martin (July 29, 2002). "WWE RAW Results (July 29, 2002)". WrestleView. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  25. ^ Williams, Jeff (September 15, 2003). "Full WWE RAW Results – 9/15/03 – Columbia, S.C. (WWE Superstar returns)". WrestleView. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  26. ^ a b Wade, Keller (December 16, 2011). "TORCH FLASHBACK – Triple H vs. Kevin Nash (06–15–03): Bad Blood PPV with Hunter-Nash HIAC with Foley referee, Flair vs. HBK, Goldberg vs. Jericho". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  27. ^ a b "The Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum". PWHF. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  28. ^ a b Johnson, Erica (September 23, 2004). "WWE SmackDown Results – 9/23/04 – Phoenix, AZ (Fifth Year Anniversary ...)". WrestleView. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  29. ^ "Episode #12.102". IMDb. March 23, 2005. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  30. ^ Wade, Keller (January 8, 2011). "WWE NEW YEAR'S REVOLUTION FLASHBACK – 5 yrs. ago (01–08–06): Edge captures first WWE Title, Elimination Chamber, Who's in WWE & TNA in 2011?". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  31. ^ Wade, Keller (March 25, 2010). "WWE WRESTLEMANIA COUNTDOWN – 2006 PPV Report (WM 22): Triple H-Cena, McMahon-HBK, Edge-Foley, Rey's first World Title". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  32. ^ James, Caldwell (April 1, 2007). "CALDWELL'S WRESTLEMANIA 23 REPORT: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  33. ^ Adam, Martin (August 24, 2007). "Smackdown Results – 8/24/07 – Columbia, SC (Batista/Finlay, more)". WrestleView. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  34. ^ Wade, Keller (August 14, 2010). "WWE SUMMERSLAM FLASHBACK SERIES – 2007 REPORT: Post-Benoit tragedy with Cena-Orton, Batista-Khali, Hunter-Booker". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  35. ^ LOLZBISER (January 14, 2008). Raw 15th - Triple h pwnz vince 2/2. Retrieved August 13, 2024 – via YouTube.
  36. ^ "A special look at 2008 WWE Hall of Fame Inductee Mae Young". WWE. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  37. ^ James, Caldwell (March 30, 2008). "CALDWELL'S WWE WRESTLEMANIA 24 REPORT 3/30: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV". Pro Wrestling Insider. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  38. ^ Wade, Keller (November 3, 2008). "CALDWELL'S WWE RAW REPORT 11/3: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of Batista vs. Jericho, DX vs. Miz & Morrison". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  39. ^ Wade, Keller (April 9, 2009). "KELLER'S WRESTLEMANIA 25 RESULTS 4/5: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of biggest PPV of the year". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  40. ^ Wade, Keller (November 15, 2010). "CALDWELL'S WWE RAW RESULTS 11/15: Complete "virtual time" coverage of three-hour Old School Raw is Ross". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  41. ^ James, Caldwell (April 3, 2011). "CALDWELL'S WWE WRESTLEMANIA 27 PPV RESULTS 4/3: Complete "virtual time" coverage of live PPV – Rock hosting, Cena-Miz, Taker-Hunter for The Streak". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  42. ^ James, Caldwell (May 2, 2011). "CALDWELL'S WWE RAW RESULTS 5/2: Complete "virtual time" coverage of live Raw – WWE Title match, Rock's birthday party, Extreme Rules fall-out". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  43. ^ James, Caldwell (April 10, 2012). "CALDWELL'S WWE SUPER SMACKDOWN RESULTS 4/10: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live Smackdown on Syfy – Legends, Piper's Pit, Sheamus repercussions". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  44. ^ James, Caldwell (July 23, 2012). "CALDWELL'S WWE RAW RESULTS 7/23: Complete "virtual-time" coverage of live Raw #999 – WWE recognizes 1,000 episodes, WWE Title match, Lesnar, Rock, DX, wedding". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  45. ^ James, Caldwell (September 24, 2012). "CALDWELL'S WWE RAW RESULTS 9/24: Complete "virtual-time" coverage of live Raw – Cena announcement, Lawler interview, latest on WWE Title picture". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
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References

[edit]
  • The Great Mae Young (2004). Lipstick & Dynamite – The First Ladies of Wrestling (DVD).
  • Ellison, Lillian (2003). The Fabulous Moolah: First Goddess of the Squared Circle. ReaganBooks. ISBN 978-0-06-001258-8.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Johnnie Mae Young.
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