Sangguniang Barangay
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The Sangguniang Barangay, known in English as the Barangay Council [note 1] is the local government of a barangay, the smallest administrative division in the Philippines. Each of the 42,004 barangays in the country has its respective Sangguniang Barangay. The term is coined from the Tagalog words sanggunian (lit. 'advisory') and barangay.
Each Sangguniang Barangay is headed by a barangay captain as the chief executive, who is elected at-large by first-past-the-post voting. Meanwhile, the legislative body is composed of seven regular members all titled barangay kagawad (barangay councilor) who are elected at-large by multi-member plurality voting, in which voters may vote for as many candidates as the number of council seats.[1] The chairperson of the Sangguniang Kabataan (barangay's youth council) who is elected by voters aged 15 to 30 years old, is the ex officio eighth member. Some barangays with a population of indigenous people have an Indigenous People's Mandatory Representative (IPMR) as the ex officio ninth member albeit elected separately.
As with any other elective local official in the Philippines, a member of the Sangguniang Barangay must be a Filipino citizen and a resident of the barangay for at least one year immediately preceding the barangay elections.[2] In addition, the candidate must be able to write in Filipino or any of the other languages and dialects of the Philippines.[2] For those who are aspiring to be a barangay captain or a member of the Sangguniang Barangay, they must be at least 18 years old on the day of election while for the candidates for Sanggunian Kabataan, they must be at least 18 years old but not more than 24 years old on the day of the election.[2]
As a collegiate body, a barangay council primarily passes ordinances and resolutions for the effective administration of the barangay. Its powers and functions are defined by the Local Government Code of 1991.[3] As for the other officials, the secretary and the treasurer are appointed by the barangay captain with the concurrence of the Sangguniang Barangay.[3] Their qualifications, powers, and duties are laid down also in the Local Government Code of 1991.[3]
History
During the American Colonial Period, appointed Rural Councils were created, with four councillors assisting the council's Barrio Lieutenant, now known as the Barangay Captain.[4] The body was later renamed Barrio Council.[4] The 1959 Barrio Charter Act, passed after Philippine independence in 1946, changed the council from being appointed to elected.[5]
In 1982, Batas Pambansa (lit. "National Law") Bilang (Number) 222 was passed to provide an act for election of barangay officials, and for other purposes.[6] In this act, barangay officials consist of a Punong Barangay (barangay captain) and six Kagawad (Councilmen) of the Sangguniang Barangay.[6] The Local Government Code of 1991 redefined this and it is prevailing law for the roles and responsibilities of the Sangguniang Barangay.[3]
See also
Notes
- ^ Also formerly known as the Rural Council and then the Barrio Council.
References
- ^ Dulay, Dean; Go, Laurence (August 2021). "First among equals: The first place effect and political promotion in multi-member plurality elections". Journal of Public Economics. 200 (104455). Elsevier: 1–19. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104455.
- ^ a b c "QUALIFICATION AND ELECTION - Book I - Title Two - Chapter 1". Commission on Elections. October 10, 1991. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ a b c d "THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES - BOOK III - LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS" (PDF). Department of the Interior and Local Government.
- ^ a b Zamora, Mario D. (1966). "Political Change and Tradition: The Case of Village Asia". In Karigoudar Ishwaran (ed.). International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology: Politics and Social Change. Leiden, the Netherlands: E.J. Brill. pp. 247–253. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
- ^ Tigno, Jorge V. (2003). "Economic Vitality and Local Governance: The Political Economy of Decentralization in the Philippines". In Yasutami Shimomura (ed.). Asian Development Experience: The role of governance in Asia Volume 2 of Asian Development Experience Series. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 266. ISBN 9789812302007. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
- ^ a b "PHILIPPINE LAWS, STATUTES AND CODES - CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY". www.chanrobles.com. Retrieved November 27, 2022.