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'''''Gyps''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Old World vulture]]s that was proposed by [[Marie Jules César Savigny]] in 1809. ''Gyps'' vultures have a slim head, a long slender neck with downy feathers, and a ruff around the neck formed by long buoyant feathers. The crown of their big beaks is a little compressed, and their big dark nostrils are set transverse to the beak. They have six or seven wing feathers, of which the first is the shortest and the fourth the longest.<ref>{{cite book |author=Savigny, M. J. C. |year=1809 |title=Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte |volume=I |location=Paris |publisher=L'Imprimerie Impériale |pages=71–73 |chapter=''Gyps'' |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002794433/page/71/mode/2u}}</ref>
'''''Gyps''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Old World vulture]]s that was proposed by [[Marie Jules César Savigny]] in 1809. ''Gyps'' vultures have a slim head, a long slender neck with downy feathers, and a ruff around the neck formed by long buoyant feathers. The crown of their big beaks is a little compressed, and their big dark nostrils are set transverse to the beak. They have six or seven wing feathers, of which the first is the shortest and the fourth the longest.<ref>{{cite book |author=Savigny, M. J. C. |year=1809 |title=Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte |volume=I |location=Paris |publisher=L'Imprimerie Impériale |pages=71–73 |chapter=''Gyps'' |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002794433/page/71/mode/2u}}</ref>
''Gyps'' comprises the following [[species]]:
''Gyps'' comprises the following [[species]]:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 15: Line 15:
|[[File:PikiWiki Israel 38863 Wildlife and Plants of Israel.JPG|frameless]] || [[Griffon vulture]] ''G. fulvus'' ([[Carl Ludwig Hablitz|Hablitz]], 1783)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hablitz, C. L. |year=1783 |title=Vultur fulvus Briss. |journal=Neue nordische Beyträge zur physikalischen und geographischen Erd- und Völkerbeschreibung, Naturgeschichte und Oekonomie |volume=4 |url=https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN332461483_0004?tify={%22pages%22:[62],%22view%22:%22info%22} |pages=58–59}}</ref> || [[File:Gyps fulvus distribution map.png|frameless]]<br>{{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps fulvus'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22695219A118593677}}</ref>
|[[File:PikiWiki Israel 38863 Wildlife and Plants of Israel.JPG|frameless]] || [[Griffon vulture]] ''G. fulvus'' ([[Carl Ludwig Hablitz|Hablitz]], 1783)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hablitz, C. L. |year=1783 |title=Vultur fulvus Briss. |journal=Neue nordische Beyträge zur physikalischen und geographischen Erd- und Völkerbeschreibung, Naturgeschichte und Oekonomie |volume=4 |url=https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN332461483_0004?tify={%22pages%22:[62],%22view%22:%22info%22} |pages=58–59}}</ref> || [[File:Gyps fulvus distribution map.png|frameless]]<br>{{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps fulvus'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22695219A118593677}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|[[File:Gyps bengalensis PLoS.png|frameless]] || [[White-rumped vulture]] ''G. bengalensis'' ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1788)<ref>{{cite book |author=Gmelin, J. F. |year=1788 |title=Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Lipsiae |publisher=Georg Emanuel Beer |edition=13th aucta, reformata |volume=I |chapter=''Vultur bengalensis'' |pages=245–246 |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/carolialinnsyst00linngoog/page/n259/mode/2up}}</ref> || India<br>{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps bengalensis'' |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |page=e.T22695194A118307773}}</ref>
|[[File:Gyps bengalensis PLoS.png|frameless]] || [[White-rumped vulture]] ''G. bengalensis'' ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1788)<ref>{{cite book |author=Gmelin, J. F. |year=1788 |title=Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Lipsiae |publisher=Georg Emanuel Beer |edition=13th aucta, reformata |volume=I |chapter=''Vultur bengalensis'' |pages=245–246 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/carolialinnsyst00linngoog/page/n259/mode/2up}}</ref> || India<br>{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps bengalensis'' |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |page=e.T22695194A118307773}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|[[File:Cape Vulture - Giant Castle - South-Africa 010002 (15444476446).jpg|frameless]] || [[Cape vulture]] ''G. coprotheres'' ([[Johann Reinhold Forster|Forster]], 1798)<ref>{{cite book |author=Forster, J. R. |year=1798 |title=F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der afrikanischen Vögel |location=Halle |publisher=Bey Fried. Christoph Dreyssig |pages=35–37 |chapter=Le Chasse-siente, der Rothjäger. No. 10 (V. Coprotheres) |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/flevaillantsnatu00leva/page/n71/mode/2up}}</ref> || Southern Africa<br>
|[[File:Cape Vulture - Giant Castle - South-Africa 010002 (15444476446).jpg|frameless]] || [[Cape vulture]] ''G. coprotheres'' ([[Johann Reinhold Forster|Forster]], 1798)<ref>{{cite book |author=Forster, J. R. |year=1798 |title=F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der afrikanischen Vögel |location=Halle |publisher=Bey Fried. Christoph Dreyssig |pages=35–37 |chapter=Le Chasse-siente, der Rothjäger. No. 10 (V. Coprotheres) |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/flevaillantsnatu00leva/page/n71/mode/2up}}</ref> || Southern Africa<br>
{{IUCN status|EN}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps coprotheres'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2015 |page=e.T22695225A84339218}}</ref>
{{IUCN status|EN}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps coprotheres'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2015 |page=e.T22695225A84339218}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|[[File:Vulture_and_Jackal_eating_together.jpg|frameless]] || [[Indian vulture]] ''G. indicus'' ([[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scopoli]], 1786)<ref>{{cite book |author=Scopoli, J. A. |year=1786–88 |title=Deliciae Flora et Fauna Insubricae Ticini. An account including new descriptions of the birds and mammals collected by Pierre Sonnerat on his voyages |location=London |publisher=C. J. Clay |pages=7–18 |chapter=Aves |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/cu31924005326800/page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> || Pakistan, India and Nepal<br>{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps indicus'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22729731A117875047}}</ref>
|[[File:Vulture_and_Jackal_eating_together.jpg|frameless]] || [[Indian vulture]] ''G. indicus'' ([[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scopoli]], 1786)<ref>{{cite book |author=Scopoli, J. A. |year=1786–88 |title=Deliciae Flora et Fauna Insubricae Ticini. An account including new descriptions of the birds and mammals collected by Pierre Sonnerat on his voyages |location=London |publisher=C. J. Clay |pages=7–18 |chapter=Aves |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924005326800/page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> || Pakistan, India and Nepal<br>{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps indicus'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22729731A117875047}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|[[File:Slender-billed_Vulture,_Mishmi_Hills,_India.jpg|frameless]] || [[Slender-billed vulture]] ''G. tenuirostris'' [[George Robert Gray|Gray]], 1844<ref>{{cite book |author=Gray, G.R. |year=1844 |title=The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera |volume=1 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |location=London |chapter=Vulturinae, or Vultures |pages=5–6 |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/generabirdsIGray/page/6/mode/2up}}</ref> || India<br>{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps tenuirostris'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22729460A117367614}}</ref>
|[[File:Slender-billed_Vulture,_Mishmi_Hills,_India.jpg|frameless]] || [[Slender-billed vulture]] ''G. tenuirostris'' [[George Robert Gray|Gray]], 1844<ref>{{cite book |author=Gray, G.R. |year=1844 |title=The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera |volume=1 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |location=London |chapter=Vulturinae, or Vultures |pages=5–6 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/generabirdsIGray/page/6/mode/2up}}</ref> || India<br>{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps tenuirostris'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22729460A117367614}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[File:Rüppell's Vulture (Gyps rueppelli) (21160089681).jpg|frameless]] || [[Rüppell's vulture]] ''G. ruppelli'' ([[Alfred Brehm|Brehm]], 1852)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Brehm, A. |year=1852 |title=Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost Afrikas, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Europa vorkommenden Arten der Vögel |journal=Naumannia |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=38–51 |url=https://archive.org/details/naumanniaarchivf02deut/page/44/mode/2up}}</ref> || [[Sahel]]<br>{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps rueppelli'' |author=BirdLife International |page=e.T22695207A118595083 |year=2017}}</ref>
|[[File:Rüppell's Vulture (Gyps rueppelli) (21160089681).jpg|frameless]] || [[Rüppell's vulture]] ''G. ruppelli'' ([[Alfred Brehm|Brehm]], 1852)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Brehm, A. |year=1852 |title=Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost Afrikas, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Europa vorkommenden Arten der Vögel |journal=Naumannia |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=38–51 |url=https://archive.org/details/naumanniaarchivf02deut/page/44/mode/2up}}</ref> || [[Sahel]]<br>{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps rueppelli'' |author=BirdLife International |page=e.T22695207A118595083 |year=2017}}</ref>
Line 28: Line 28:
|[[File:White-backed Vulture Chobe.jpg|frameless]] || [[White-backed vulture]] ''G. africanus'' [[Tommaso Salvadori|Salvadori]], 1865<ref>{{cite journal |author=Salvadori, T. |year=1865 |title=Descrizione di una nuova species d'Avoltojo (''Gyps africana'') |journal=Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia |issue=126 |page=1 |url=http://augusto.agid.gov.it/gazzette/index/download/id/1865126_PM}}</ref> || West and East Africa<br>{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps africanus'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2018 |page=e.T22695189A126667006}}</ref>
|[[File:White-backed Vulture Chobe.jpg|frameless]] || [[White-backed vulture]] ''G. africanus'' [[Tommaso Salvadori|Salvadori]], 1865<ref>{{cite journal |author=Salvadori, T. |year=1865 |title=Descrizione di una nuova species d'Avoltojo (''Gyps africana'') |journal=Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia |issue=126 |page=1 |url=http://augusto.agid.gov.it/gazzette/index/download/id/1865126_PM}}</ref> || West and East Africa<br>{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps africanus'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2018 |page=e.T22695189A126667006}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|[[File:Himalayan Griffon - Bhutan S4E0109 (15464421711).jpg|frameless]] || [[Himalayan vulture]] ''G. himalayensis'' [[Allan Octavian Hume|Hume]], 1869<ref>{{cite book |author=Hume, A. O. H. |year=1869 |title=My scrap book: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology |location=Calcutta |publisher=C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press |pages=12–18 |chapter=''Gyps fulvus'', Gmel. (''Gyps himalayensis'', nobis.) |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/myscrapbookorrou00hume/page/12/mode/2up}}</ref> || [[File:GypsHimalayensisMap.svg|frameless]]<br>{{IUCN status|NT}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps himalayensis'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2016 |page=e.T22695215A118594518}}</ref>
|[[File:Himalayan Griffon - Bhutan S4E0109 (15464421711).jpg|frameless]] || [[Himalayan vulture]] ''G. himalayensis'' [[Allan Octavian Hume|Hume]], 1869<ref>{{cite book |author=Hume, A. O. H. |year=1869 |title=My scrap book: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology |location=Calcutta |publisher=C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press |pages=12–18 |chapter=''Gyps fulvus'', Gmel. (''Gyps himalayensis'', nobis.) |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/myscrapbookorrou00hume/page/12/mode/2up}}</ref> || [[File:GypsHimalayensisMap.svg|frameless]]<br>{{IUCN status|NT}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps himalayensis'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2016 |page=e.T22695215A118594518}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|- style="vertical-align: top;
| || † Maltese vulture ''G. melitensis'' [[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1890<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lydekker, R. |year=1890 |title=On the remains of some large extinct birds from the cavern-deposits of Malta |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |volume=28 |issue=III |pages=403–411 |url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofgen90scie/page/404/mode/2up}}</ref> || [[Fossil]] remains were found in [[Middle Pleistocene|Middle]] to [[Late Pleistocene]] sites all over the central and eastern [[Mediterranean]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Marco, A. S. |year=2007 |title=New occurrences of the extinct vulture ''Gyps melitensis'' (Falconiformes, Aves) and a reappraisal of the paleospecies |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=1057–1061|doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1057:NOOTEV]2.0.CO;2 }}</ref>
| || † Maltese vulture ''G. melitensis'' [[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1890<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lydekker, R. |year=1890 |title=On the remains of some large extinct birds from the cavern-deposits of Malta |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |volume=28 |issue=III |pages=403–411 |url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofgen90scie/page/404/mode/2up}}</ref> || [[Fossil]] remains were found in [[Middle Pleistocene|Middle]] to [[Late Pleistocene]] sites all over the central and eastern [[Mediterranean]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Marco, A. S. |year=2007 |title=New occurrences of the extinct vulture ''Gyps melitensis'' (Falconiformes, Aves) and a reappraisal of the paleospecies |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=1057–1061|doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1057:NOOTEV]2.0.CO;2 }}</ref>

Revision as of 23:44, 18 December 2020

Gyps
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Subfamily: Aegypiinae
Genus: Gyps
Savigny, 1809

Gyps is a genus of Old World vultures that was proposed by Marie Jules César Savigny in 1809. Gyps vultures have a slim head, a long slender neck with downy feathers, and a ruff around the neck formed by long buoyant feathers. The crown of their big beaks is a little compressed, and their big dark nostrils are set transverse to the beak. They have six or seven wing feathers, of which the first is the shortest and the fourth the longest.[1] Gyps comprises the following species:

Image Name Distribution and IUCN Red List status
Griffon vulture G. fulvus (Hablitz, 1783)[2]
LC[3]
White-rumped vulture G. bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788)[4] India
CR[5]
Cape vulture G. coprotheres (Forster, 1798)[6] Southern Africa

EN[7]

Indian vulture G. indicus (Scopoli, 1786)[8] Pakistan, India and Nepal
CR[9]
Slender-billed vulture G. tenuirostris Gray, 1844[10] India
CR[11]
Rüppell's vulture G. ruppelli (Brehm, 1852)[12] Sahel
CR[13]
White-backed vulture G. africanus Salvadori, 1865[14] West and East Africa
CR[15]
Himalayan vulture G. himalayensis Hume, 1869[16]
NT[17]
† Maltese vulture G. melitensis Lydekker, 1890[18] Fossil remains were found in Middle to Late Pleistocene sites all over the central and eastern Mediterranean.[19]
† G. bochenskii Boev, 2010 Fossil remains were found near Varshets in northwestern Bulgaria that were dated to the Late Pliocene.[20]

References

  1. ^ Savigny, M. J. C. (1809). "Gyps". Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte. Vol. I. Paris: L'Imprimerie Impériale. pp. 71–73.
  2. ^ Hablitz, C. L. (1783). "Vultur fulvus Briss". Neue nordische Beyträge zur physikalischen und geographischen Erd- und Völkerbeschreibung, Naturgeschichte und Oekonomie. 4: 58–59.
  3. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps fulvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22695219A118593677.
  4. ^ Gmelin, J. F. (1788). "Vultur bengalensis". Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. I (13th aucta, reformata ed.). Lipsiae: Georg Emanuel Beer. pp. 245–246.
  5. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22695194A118307773.
  6. ^ Forster, J. R. (1798). "Le Chasse-siente, der Rothjäger. No. 10 (V. Coprotheres)". F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der afrikanischen Vögel. Halle: Bey Fried. Christoph Dreyssig. pp. 35–37.
  7. ^ BirdLife International (2015). "Gyps coprotheres". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T22695225A84339218.
  8. ^ Scopoli, J. A. (1786–88). "Aves". Deliciae Flora et Fauna Insubricae Ticini. An account including new descriptions of the birds and mammals collected by Pierre Sonnerat on his voyages. London: C. J. Clay. pp. 7–18.
  9. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps indicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22729731A117875047.
  10. ^ Gray, G.R. (1844). "Vulturinae, or Vultures". The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera. Vol. 1. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. pp. 5–6.
  11. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22729460A117367614.
  12. ^ Brehm, A. (1852). "Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost Afrikas, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Europa vorkommenden Arten der Vögel". Naumannia. 2 (3): 38–51.
  13. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps rueppelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22695207A118595083.
  14. ^ Salvadori, T. (1865). "Descrizione di una nuova species d'Avoltojo (Gyps africana)". Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia (126): 1.
  15. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Gyps africanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22695189A126667006.
  16. ^ Hume, A. O. H. (1869). "Gyps fulvus, Gmel. (Gyps himalayensis, nobis.)". My scrap book: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology. Calcutta: C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press. pp. 12–18.
  17. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Gyps himalayensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22695215A118594518.
  18. ^ Lydekker, R. (1890). "On the remains of some large extinct birds from the cavern-deposits of Malta". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 28 (III): 403–411.
  19. ^ Marco, A. S. (2007). "New occurrences of the extinct vulture Gyps melitensis (Falconiformes, Aves) and a reappraisal of the paleospecies". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (4): 1057–1061. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1057:NOOTEV]2.0.CO;2.
  20. ^ Boev, Z. (2010). "Gyps bochenskii sp. n. (Aves: Falconiformes) from the Late Pliocene of Varshets (NW Bulgaria)". Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 62 (2): 211–242.
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