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|[[File:Gyps bengalensis PLoS.png|frameless]] || [[White-rumped vulture]] ''G. bengalensis'' ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1788)<ref>{{cite book |author=Gmelin, J. F. |year=1788 |title=Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Lipsiae |publisher=Georg Emanuel Beer |edition=13th aucta, reformata |volume=I |chapter=''Vultur bengalensis'' |page=245–246 |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/carolialinnsyst00linngoog/page/n259/mode/2up}}</ref> || Throughout India, but common in northwest, central and southern India
|[[File:Gyps bengalensis PLoS.png|frameless]] || [[White-rumped vulture]] ''G. bengalensis'' ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1788)<ref>{{cite book |author=Gmelin, J. F. |year=1788 |title=Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Lipsiae |publisher=Georg Emanuel Beer |edition=13th aucta, reformata |volume=I |chapter=''Vultur bengalensis'' |page=245–246 |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/carolialinnsyst00linngoog/page/n259/mode/2up}}</ref> || Throughout India, but common in northwest, central and southern India
|-
|-
|[[File:Cape Vulture - Giant Castle - South-Africa 010002 (15444476446).jpg|frameless]] || [[Cape vulture]] ''G. coprotheres'' ([[Johann Reinhold Forster|Forster]], 1798) || Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe
|[[File:Cape Vulture - Giant Castle - South-Africa 010002 (15444476446).jpg|frameless]] || [[Cape vulture]] ''G. coprotheres'' ([[Johann Reinhold Forster|Forster]], 1798)<ref>{{cite book |author=Forster, J. R. |year=1798 |title=F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der afrikanischen Vögel |location=Halle |publisher=Bey Fried. Christoph Dreyssig |pages=35–37 |chapter=Le Chasse-siente, der Rothjäger. No. 10 (V. Coprotheres) |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/flevaillantsnatu00leva/page/n71/mode/2up}}</ref> || Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe
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|-
|[[File:Vulture_and_Jackal_eating_together.jpg|frameless]] || [[Indian vulture]] ''G. indicus'' ([[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scopoli]], 1786)<ref>{{cite book |author=Scopoli, J. A. |year=1786–88 |title=Deliciae Flora et Fauna Insubricae Ticini. An account including new descriptions of the birds and mammals collected by Pierre Sonnerat on his voyages |location=London |publisher=C. J. Clay |pages=7–18 |chapter=Aves |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/cu31924005326800/page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> || Throughout India, Pakistan and Nepal
|[[File:Vulture_and_Jackal_eating_together.jpg|frameless]] || [[Indian vulture]] ''G. indicus'' ([[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scopoli]], 1786)<ref>{{cite book |author=Scopoli, J. A. |year=1786–88 |title=Deliciae Flora et Fauna Insubricae Ticini. An account including new descriptions of the birds and mammals collected by Pierre Sonnerat on his voyages |location=London |publisher=C. J. Clay |pages=7–18 |chapter=Aves |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/cu31924005326800/page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> || Throughout India, Pakistan and Nepal

Revision as of 17:07, 7 June 2020

Gyps
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Subfamily: Aegypiinae
Genus: Gyps
Savigny, 1809

Gyps is a genus of Old World vultures that was proposed by Marie Jules César Savigny in 1809.[1] It comprises the following species:

Image Name Distribution
Griffon vulture G. fulvus (Hablitz, 1783)[2] Europe and Asia to southern Himalayas
White-rumped vulture G. bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788)[3] Throughout India, but common in northwest, central and southern India
Cape vulture G. coprotheres (Forster, 1798)[4] Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe
Indian vulture G. indicus (Scopoli, 1786)[5] Throughout India, Pakistan and Nepal
Slender-billed vulture G. tenuirostris Gray, 1844[6] India from the Gangetic plain north, west to Himachal Pradesh, south potentially as far as northern Odisha and east through Assam
Rüppell's vulture G. ruppelli (Brehm, 1852)[7] Sahel region of central Africa
White-backed vulture G. africanus Salvadori, 1865[8] west and east Africa
Himalayan vulture G. himalayensis Hume, 1869[9] Himalayas, Pamir Mountains, Kazakhstan, Tibetan Plateau, with northwestern limits of the breeding range being in Afghanistan and southern limits in Bhutan
† Maltese vulture G. melitensis Fossil remains were found in Middle to Late Pleistocene sites all over the central and eastern Mediterranean.[10]
† G. bochenskii Boev, 2010 Fossil remains were found near Varshets in northwestern Bulgaria that were dated to the Late Pliocene.[11]

These are the typical vultures, with bald head, broad wings and mainly dark plumage. They are large scavenging birds, feeding mostly from carcasses of dead animals. Old World vultures find carcasses exclusively by sight. Representatives of this group are found throughout warmer parts of the Old World.

Compared to other vultures, Gyps species have quite feathered heads, with characteristic downy covers. Indeed, rather than being an adaptation for scavenging as once thought, it seems to be related to thermoregulation.

References

  1. ^ Savigny, M.J.C. (1809). "Gyps". Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte. Vol. I. Paris: L'Imprimerie Impériale. p. 71–73. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Hablitz, C. L. (1783). "Vultur fulvus Briss". Neue nordische Beyträge zur physikalischen und geographischen Erd- und Völkerbeschreibung, Naturgeschichte und Oekonomie. 4: 58–59.
  3. ^ Gmelin, J. F. (1788). "Vultur bengalensis". Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. I (13th aucta, reformata ed.). Lipsiae: Georg Emanuel Beer. p. 245–246. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Forster, J. R. (1798). "Le Chasse-siente, der Rothjäger. No. 10 (V. Coprotheres)". F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der afrikanischen Vögel. Halle: Bey Fried. Christoph Dreyssig. pp. 35–37. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Scopoli, J. A. (1786–88). "Aves". Deliciae Flora et Fauna Insubricae Ticini. An account including new descriptions of the birds and mammals collected by Pierre Sonnerat on his voyages. London: C. J. Clay. pp. 7–18. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Gray, G.R. (1844). "Vulturinae, or Vultures". The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera. Vol. 1. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 5–6. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Brehm, A. (1852). "Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost Afrikas, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Europa vorkommenden Arten der Vögel". Naumannia. 2 (3): 38–51.
  8. ^ Salvadori, T. (1865). "Descrizione di una nuova species d'Avoltojo (Gyps africana)". Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia (126): 1.
  9. ^ Hume, A. O. H. (1869). "Gyps fulvus, Gmel. (Gyps himalayensis, nobis.)". My scrap book: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology. Calcutta: C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press. pp. 12–18. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Marco, A.S. (2007). "New occurrences of the extinct vulture Gyps melitensis (Falconiformes, Aves) and a reappraisal of the paleospecies". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (4): 1057–1061.
  11. ^ Boev, Z. (2010). "Gyps bochenskii sp. n. (Aves: Falconiformes) from the Late Pliocene of Varshets (NW Bulgaria)" (PDF). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 62 (2): 211–242.
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