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{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2014}}
{{Automatic Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image =
| image = Griffon.JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Gyps fulvus]]'' from Naumann, Natural history of the birds of central Europe, 3rd ed. 1899
| image_caption =
| taxon = Gyps
| taxon = Gyps
| authority = [[Marie Jules César Savigny|Savigny]], 1809
| authority = [[Marie Jules César Savigny|Savigny]], 1809
| type_species = ''[[Eurasian griffon vulture|Gyps vulgaris]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=36 |title= Accipitridae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-26}}</ref> = ''Vultur fulvus''
| type_species_authority = Savigny, 1809
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 8 extant, 2 extinct; see text.
}}
}}


'''''Gyps''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Old World vulture]]s that was proposed by [[Marie Jules César Savigny]] in 1809.<ref>{{cite book |author=Savigny, M.J.C. |year=1809 |title=Description de l'Égypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte |volume=I |location=Paris |publisher=L'Imprimerie Impériale |page=71–73 |chapter=''Gyps'' |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002794433/page/71/mode/2u}}</ref> It comprises the following [[species]]:
'''''Gyps''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Old World vulture]]s that was proposed by [[Marie Jules César Savigny]] in 1809. Its members are sometimes known as '''griffon vultures'''. ''Gyps'' vultures have a slim head, a long slender neck with downy feathers, and a ruff around the neck formed by long buoyant feathers. The crown of their big beaks is a little compressed, and their big dark nostrils are set transverse to the beak. They have six or seven wing feathers, of which the first is the shortest and the fourth the longest.

== Taxonomy ==
The genus ''Gyps'' was introduced in 1809 by the French zoologist [[Marie Jules César Savigny]] to accommodate the [[Eurasian griffon vulture]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Savigny | first=Marie Jules César | author-link=Marie Jules César Savigny | year=1809 | title=Description de l'Égypte: Histoire naturelle | volume=1 | publisher=Imprimerie impériale | location=Paris | language=French | pages=[http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15989457 68], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15989460 71]}}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1979 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=1 | edition=2nd | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=305 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108945 }}</ref> The genus name is from [[Ancient Greek]] ''gups'' meaning "vulture".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=183 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n183/mode/1up }}</ref> The genus contains eight extant species.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=August 2022 | title=Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/raptors/| publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=2 December 2022 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Image !! Name !! Distribution
! Image !! Name !! Distribution and [[IUCN Red List]] status
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|[[File:PikiWiki Israel 38863 Wildlife and Plants of Israel.JPG|frameless]] || [[Eurasian griffon vulture]] ''G. fulvus'' ([[Carl Ludwig Hablitz|Hablitz]], 1783)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hablitz, C. L. |year=1783 |title=Vultur fulvus Briss. |journal=Neue nordische Beyträge zur physikalischen und geographischen Erd- und Völkerbeschreibung, Naturgeschichte und Oekonomie |volume=4 |url=https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN332461483_0004?tify={%22pages%22:[62],%22view%22:%22info%22} |pages=58–59}}</ref> || [[File:Gyps fulvus distribution map.png|frameless]]<br />{{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps fulvus'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22695219A118593677}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|[[File:Gyps bengalensis PLoS.png|frameless]] || [[White-rumped vulture]] ''G. bengalensis'' ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1788)<ref>{{cite book |author=Gmelin, J. F. |year=1788 |title=Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Lipsiae |publisher=Georg Emanuel Beer |edition=13th aucta, reformata |volume=I |chapter=''Vultur bengalensis'' |pages=245–246 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/carolialinnsyst00linngoog/page/n259/mode/2up}}</ref> || India and Nepal, Pakistan<br />{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps bengalensis'' |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |page=e.T22695194A118307773}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|[[File:Cape Vulture - Giant Castle - South-Africa 010002 (15444476446).jpg|frameless]] || [[Cape vulture]] ''G. coprotheres'' ([[Johann Reinhold Forster|Forster]], 1798)<ref>{{cite book |author=Forster, J. R. |year=1798 |title=F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der afrikanischen Vögel |location=Halle |publisher=Bey Fried. Christoph Dreyssig |pages=35–37 |chapter=Le Chasse-siente, der Rothjäger. No. 10 (V. Coprotheres) |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/flevaillantsnatu00leva/page/n71/mode/2up}}</ref> || Southern Africa<br />
{{IUCN status|VU}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps coprotheres'' |author=BirdLife International |date=2021 |page=e.T22695225A197073171 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22695225A197073171.en |access-date=10 December 2021}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|[[File:Vulture_and_Jackal_eating_together.jpg|frameless]] || [[Indian vulture]] ''G. indicus'' ([[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scopoli]], 1786)<ref>{{cite book |author=Scopoli, J. A. |year=1786–88 |title=Deliciae Flora et Fauna Insubricae Ticini. An account including new descriptions of the birds and mammals collected by Pierre Sonnerat on his voyages |location=London |publisher=C. J. Clay |pages=7–18 |chapter=Aves |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924005326800/page/n13/mode/2up}}</ref> || Pakistan, India and Nepal<br />{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps indicus'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22729731A117875047}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align: top;
⚫
|[[File:Slender-billed_Vulture,_Mishmi_Hills,_India.jpg|frameless]] || [[Slender-billed vulture]] ''G. tenuirostris'' [[George Robert Gray|Gray]], 1844<ref>{{cite book |author=Gray, G.R. |year=1844 |title=The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera |volume=1 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |location=London |chapter=Vulturinae, or Vultures |pages=5–6 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/generabirdsIGray/page/6/mode/2up}}</ref> || India<br />{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps tenuirostris'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2017 |page=e.T22729460A117367614}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[File:Rüppell's Vulture (Gyps rueppelli) (21160089681).jpg|frameless]] || [[Rüppell's vulture]] ''G. rueppelli'' ([[Alfred Brehm|Brehm]], 1852)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Brehm, A. |year=1852 |title=Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost Afrikas, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Europa vorkommenden Arten der Vögel |journal=Naumannia |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=38–51 |url=https://archive.org/details/naumanniaarchivf02deut/page/44/mode/2up}}</ref> || [[Sahel]] and East Africa<br />{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps rueppelli'' |author=BirdLife International |page=e.T22695207A118595083 |year=2017}}</ref>
|[[File:PikiWiki Israel 38863 Wildlife and Plants of Israel.JPG|frameless]] || [[Griffon vulture]] ''G. fulvus'' ([[Carl Ludwig Hablitz|Hablitz]], 1783) || Europe and Asia to southern [[Himalayas]]
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|-
⚫
|[[File:White-backed Vulture Chobe.jpg|frameless]] || [[White-backed vulture]] ''G. africanus'' [[Tommaso Salvadori|Salvadori]], 1865<ref>{{cite journal |author=Salvadori, T. |year=1865 |title=Descrizione di una nuova species d'Avoltojo (''Gyps africana'') |journal=Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia |issue=126 |page=1 |url=http://augusto.agid.gov.it/gazzette/index/download/id/1865126_PM}}</ref> || West and center, East, Southern Africa<br />{{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps africanus'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2018 |page=e.T22695189A126667006}}</ref>
|[[File:Gyps bengalensis PLoS.png|frameless]] || [[White-rumped vulture]] ''G. bengalensis'' ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1788) || Throughout India, but common in northwest, central and southern India
|- style="vertical-align: top;
|-
|[[File:Himalayan Griffon - Bhutan S4E0109 (15464421711).jpg|frameless]] || [[Himalayan vulture]] ''G. himalayensis'' [[Allan Octavian Hume|Hume]], 1869<ref>{{cite book |author=Hume, A. O. H. |year=1869 |title=My scrap book: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology |location=Calcutta |publisher=C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press |pages=12–18 |chapter=''Gyps fulvus'', Gmel. (''Gyps himalayensis'', nobis.) |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/myscrapbookorrou00hume/page/12/mode/2up}}</ref> || [[File:GypsHimalayensisMap.svg|frameless]]<br />{{IUCN status|NT}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Gyps himalayensis'' |author=BirdLife International |year=2016 |page=e.T22695215A118594518}}</ref>
|[[File:Cape Vulture - Giant Castle - South-Africa 010002 (15444476446).jpg|frameless]] || [[Cape vulture]] ''G. coprotheres'' ([[Johann Reinhold Forster|Forster]], 1798) || Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe
|-
|[[File:Vulture_and_Jackal_eating_together.jpg|frameless]] || [[Indian vulture]] ''G. indicus'' ([[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scopoli]], 1786) || Throughout India, Pakistan and Nepal
|-
⚫
|[[File:Slender-billed_Vulture,_Mishmi_Hills,_India.jpg|frameless]] || [[Slender-billed vulture]] ''G. tenuirostris'' [[George Robert Gray|Gray]], 1844<ref>{{cite book |author=Gray, G.R. |year=1844 |title=The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera |volume=1 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |location=London |chapter=Vulturinae, or Vultures |page=5–6 |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/generabirdsIGray/page/6/mode/2up}}</ref> || India from the [[Gangetic plain]] north, west to [[Himachal Pradesh]], south potentially as far as northern [[Odisha]] and east through [[Assam]]
|-
|[[File:Rüppell's Vulture (Gyps rueppelli) (21160089681).jpg|frameless]] || [[Rüppell's vulture]] ''G. rueppelli'' ([[Alfred Brehm]], 1852) || [[Sahel]] region of central Africa
|-
⚫
|[[File:White-backed Vulture Chobe.jpg|frameless]] || [[White-backed vulture]] ''G. africanus'' [[Tommaso Salvadori|Salvadori]], 1865<ref>{{cite journal |author=Salvadori, T. |year=1865 |title=Descrizione di una nuova species d'Avoltojo (''Gyps africana'') |journal=Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia |issue=126 |page=1 |url=http://augusto.agid.gov.it/gazzette/index/download/id/1865126_PM}}</ref> || west and east Africa
|-
|[[File:Himalayan Griffon - Bhutan S4E0109 (15464421711).jpg|frameless]] || [[Himalayan vulture]] ''G. himalayensis'' [[Allan Octavian Hume|Hume]], 1869 || Himalayas, [[Pamir Mountains]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Tibetan Plateau]], with northwestern limits of the breeding range being in Afghanistan and southern limits in Bhutan
|-
⚫
| || † Maltese vulture ''G. melitensis'' || [[Fossil]] remains were found in [[Middle Pleistocene|Middle]] to [[Late Pleistocene]] sites all over the central and eastern [[Mediterranean]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Marco, A.S. |year=2007 |title=New occurrences of the extinct vulture ''Gyps melitensis'' (Falconiformes, Aves) and a reappraisal of the paleospecies |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=1057–1061}}</ref>
|-
⚫
| || † ''G. bochenskii'' Boev, 2010 || Fossil remains were found near [[Varshets]] in northwestern [[Bulgaria]] that were dated to the [[Late Pliocene]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Boev, Z. |year=2010 |title=''Gyps bochenskii'' sp. n. (Aves: Falconiformes) from the Late Pliocene of Varshets (NW Bulgaria) |journal=Acta Zoologica Bulgarica |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=211–242 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zlatozar_Boev/publication/297836235_Gyps_bochenskii_sp_n_Aves_Falconiformes_from_the_Late_Pliocene_of_Varshets_NW_Bulgaria/links/56f9038208ae81582bf42516/Gyps-bochenskii-sp-n-Aves-Falconiformes-from-the-Late-Pliocene-of-Varshets-NW-Bulgaria.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|-
|}
|}


Two fossil species have been described:
These are the typical vultures, with bald head, broad wings and mainly dark [[plumage]]. They are large [[scavenger|scavenging]] birds, feeding mostly from carcasses of dead [[animal]]s. Old World vultures find carcasses exclusively by sight. Representatives of this group are found throughout warmer parts of the [[Old World]].
⚫
* † Maltese vulture ''G. melitensis'' [[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1890<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lydekker, R. |year=1890 |title=On the remains of some large extinct birds from the cavern-deposits of Malta |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |volume=28 |issue=III |pages=403–411 |url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofgen90scie/page/404/mode/2up}}</ref> – Fossil remains were found in [[Middle Pleistocene|Middle]] to [[Late Pleistocene]] sites all over the central and eastern [[Mediterranean]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Marco, A. S. |year=2007 |title=New occurrences of the extinct vulture ''Gyps melitensis'' (Falconiformes, Aves) and a reappraisal of the paleospecies |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=1057–1061|doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1057:NOOTEV]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=198131101 }}</ref>

⚫
* † ''G. bochenskii'' Boev, 2010 – Fossil remains were found near [[Varshets]] in northwestern [[Bulgaria]] that were dated to the [[Late Pliocene]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Boev, Z. |year=2010 |title=''Gyps bochenskii'' sp. n. (Aves: Falconiformes) from the Late Pliocene of Varshets (NW Bulgaria) |journal=Acta Zoologica Bulgarica |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=211–242 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297836235}}</ref>
Compared to other vultures, ''Gyps'' species have quite feathered heads, with characteristic downy covers. Indeed, rather than being an adaptation for scavenging as once thought, it seems to be related to thermoregulation.


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons|Gyps}}


{{Vulture}}
{{Vulture}}
{{Accipitrimorphae|A.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q126630}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q126630}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Gyps|*]]
[[Category:Gyps| ]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Marie Jules César Savigny]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Marie Jules César Savigny]]

Latest revision as of 03:01, 2 January 2024

Gyps
Gyps fulvus from Naumann, Natural history of the birds of central Europe, 3rd ed. 1899
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Subfamily: Aegypiinae
Genus: Gyps
Savigny, 1809
Type species
Gyps vulgaris[1] = Vultur fulvus
Savigny, 1809
Species

8 extant, 2 extinct; see text.

Gyps is a genus of Old World vultures that was proposed by Marie Jules César Savigny in 1809. Its members are sometimes known as griffon vultures. Gyps vultures have a slim head, a long slender neck with downy feathers, and a ruff around the neck formed by long buoyant feathers. The crown of their big beaks is a little compressed, and their big dark nostrils are set transverse to the beak. They have six or seven wing feathers, of which the first is the shortest and the fourth the longest.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The genus Gyps was introduced in 1809 by the French zoologist Marie Jules César Savigny to accommodate the Eurasian griffon vulture.[2][3] The genus name is from Ancient Greek gups meaning "vulture".[4] The genus contains eight extant species.[5]

Image Name Distribution and IUCN Red List status
Eurasian griffon vulture G. fulvus (Hablitz, 1783)[6]
LC[7]
White-rumped vulture G. bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788)[8] India and Nepal, Pakistan
CR[9]
Cape vulture G. coprotheres (Forster, 1798)[10] Southern Africa

VU[11]

Indian vulture G. indicus (Scopoli, 1786)[12] Pakistan, India and Nepal
CR[13]
Slender-billed vulture G. tenuirostris Gray, 1844[14] India
CR[15]
Rüppell's vulture G. rueppelli (Brehm, 1852)[16] Sahel and East Africa
CR[17]
White-backed vulture G. africanus Salvadori, 1865[18] West and center, East, Southern Africa
CR[19]
Himalayan vulture G. himalayensis Hume, 1869[20]
NT[21]

Two fossil species have been described:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Accipitridae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ^ Savigny, Marie Jules César (1809). Description de l'Égypte: Histoire naturelle (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Imprimerie impériale. pp. 68, 71.
  3. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 305.
  4. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  6. ^ Hablitz, C. L. (1783). "Vultur fulvus Briss". Neue nordische Beyträge zur physikalischen und geographischen Erd- und Völkerbeschreibung, Naturgeschichte und Oekonomie. 4: 58–59.
  7. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps fulvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22695219A118593677.
  8. ^ Gmelin, J. F. (1788). "Vultur bengalensis". Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. I (13th aucta, reformata ed.). Lipsiae: Georg Emanuel Beer. pp. 245–246.
  9. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22695194A118307773.
  10. ^ Forster, J. R. (1798). "Le Chasse-siente, der Rothjäger. No. 10 (V. Coprotheres)". F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der afrikanischen Vögel. Halle: Bey Fried. Christoph Dreyssig. pp. 35–37.
  11. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Gyps coprotheres". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22695225A197073171. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22695225A197073171.en. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  12. ^ Scopoli, J. A. (1786–88). "Aves". Deliciae Flora et Fauna Insubricae Ticini. An account including new descriptions of the birds and mammals collected by Pierre Sonnerat on his voyages. London: C. J. Clay. pp. 7–18.
  13. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps indicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22729731A117875047.
  14. ^ Gray, G.R. (1844). "Vulturinae, or Vultures". The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera. Vol. 1. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. pp. 5–6.
  15. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22729460A117367614.
  16. ^ Brehm, A. (1852). "Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost Afrikas, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Europa vorkommenden Arten der Vögel". Naumannia. 2 (3): 38–51.
  17. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps rueppelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22695207A118595083.
  18. ^ Salvadori, T. (1865). "Descrizione di una nuova species d'Avoltojo (Gyps africana)". Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia (126): 1.
  19. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Gyps africanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22695189A126667006.
  20. ^ Hume, A. O. H. (1869). "Gyps fulvus, Gmel. (Gyps himalayensis, nobis.)". My scrap book: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology. Calcutta: C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press. pp. 12–18.
  21. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Gyps himalayensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22695215A118594518.
  22. ^ Lydekker, R. (1890). "On the remains of some large extinct birds from the cavern-deposits of Malta". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 28 (III): 403–411.
  23. ^ Marco, A. S. (2007). "New occurrences of the extinct vulture Gyps melitensis (Falconiformes, Aves) and a reappraisal of the paleospecies". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (4): 1057–1061. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1057:NOOTEV]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198131101.
  24. ^ Boev, Z. (2010). "Gyps bochenskii sp. n. (Aves: Falconiformes) from the Late Pliocene of Varshets (NW Bulgaria)". Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 62 (2): 211–242.
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