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Albularyo or albulario is a Filipino term for a witch doctor, folk healer or medicine man, derived from Spanish herbolario (herbalist).^[1] They practice folk medicine and use medicinal plants in their trade.^[2]

Overview

the Role and functions

An albularyo is a "folk doctor"^[3] commonly found in the more rural areas of the Philippines who heals people using herbs and traditional practices such as hilot or massage. Their services are considered either as a first or as a last resort for addressing illnesses.^[4] The albularyo's patient claims that the practitioner have supernatural powers that modern medicine does not provide. This belief makes them more trustworthy than modern medicine practitioners.^[5] Aside from practicing folk medicine, the albularyo is also alleged to practice black magic and curse people.^[6]

The albularyos practice their trade using prayers called orasyon (from Spanish oracion),^[7] and rituals. They also use concoctions made from plant parts such as leaves, bark, roots and oils such as coconut oils. Pangalap is the process of searching for these medicinal plants and pabukal is the preparation of decoctions from said plants.^[8] Albularyos also use their own saliva and pieces of papers with writings.^[9] The albularyo use tawas (alum) crystals to find out who is causing the ailments in their patients."^[3] The may also use candle wax poured in water,^[10] eggs, or spirits to divine the cause of the ailments.^[7] Some ailments are claimed to be the work of lamang lupa who were unknowingly or knowingly harmed by the patient. The albularyo may then use rituals and prayers to drive away the spirit and therefore remove the sickness from the patient.^[11]

References

^ Fabe, Pamela Amparo H. (2001). Migration and Children: The Case of Barangay Suba, Cebu City. Save the Children (UK) Philippines. p. 53. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
^ Duyan Ng Magiting: The Folk Culture of the Southern Tagalog Region. IMC. 1989. p. 146. ISBN 978-971-10-1241-0. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b Mata, Elvira (2017-10-02). Positively Mental. Anvil Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-971-27-2937-9. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
^ Dizon, Jesus A. N.; Miralao, Virginia A.; Culture, Ateneo de Manila University Institute of Philippine (1973). The Hilot in Oriental Mindoro: Final Report Submitted to the Institute of Maternal and Child Health by the Institute of Philippine Culture, 2 April 1973. Ateneo de Manila, Institute of Philippine Culture. p. 69. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
^ Mercado, Leonardo N. (1977). Filipino Religious Psychology. Divine Word University Publications. p. 38. ISBN 978-971-10-6005-3. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
^ Brock, Charles (June 1997). Questions People and Churches Ask. Church Growth International. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-885504-43-2. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b Johnson, Dave (2017-08-23). Theology in Context: A Case Study in the Philippines. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-7252-8617-7. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
^ Sánchez-García, Jose C.; Hernandez-Sanchez, Brizeida (2021-02-03). Sustainable Organizations: Models, Applications, and New Perspectives. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-83880-962-1. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
^ Papers in Mindanao Ethnography: no. 1] Concept of illness among major Philippine tribes. University Research Center, Mindanao State University. 1979. p. 11. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
^ Enriquez, Virgilio G. (1989). Ang kababalaghan at ang parasikolohiya (in Tagalog). Akademya ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino. p. 47. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
^ Mendez, Paz Policarpio (1991). Culture and Nationhood: A Philosophy of Education for Filipinos. Centro Escolar University, Research and Development Center. Retrieved 10 June 2021.

[1] Fabe, Pamela Amparo H. (2001). Migration and Children: The Case of Barangay Suba, Cebu City. Save the Children (UK) Philippines. p. 53. Retrieved 20 June 2021.

[2] Duyan Ng Magiting: The Folk Culture of the Southern Tagalog Region. IMC. 1989. p. 146. ISBN 978-971-10-1241-0. Retrieved 8 June 2021.

[mata1-3] Mata, Elvira (2017-10-02). Positively Mental. Anvil Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-971-27-2937-9. Retrieved 10 June 2021.

[4] Dizon, Jesus A. N.; Miralao, Virginia A.; Culture, Ateneo de Manila University Institute of Philippine (1973). The Hilot in Oriental Mindoro: Final Report Submitted to the Institute of Maternal and Child Health by the Institute of Philippine Culture, 2 April 1973. Ateneo de Manila, Institute of Philippine Culture. p. 69. Retrieved 8 June 2021.

[5] Mercado, Leonardo N. (1977). Filipino Religious Psychology. Divine Word University Publications. p. 38. ISBN 978-971-10-6005-3. Retrieved 8 June 2021.

[6] Brock, Charles (June 1997). Questions People and Churches Ask. Church Growth International. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-885504-43-2. Retrieved 10 June 2021.

[dave1-7] Johnson, Dave (2017-08-23). Theology in Context: A Case Study in the Philippines. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-7252-8617-7. Retrieved 11 June 2021.

[8] Sánchez-García, Jose C.; Hernandez-Sanchez, Brizeida (2021-02-03). Sustainable Organizations: Models, Applications, and New Perspectives. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-83880-962-1. Retrieved 20 June 2021.

[9] Papers in Mindanao Ethnography: no. 1] Concept of illness among major Philippine tribes. University Research Center, Mindanao State University. 1979. p. 11. Retrieved 10 June 2021.

[10] Enriquez, Virgilio G. (1989). Ang kababalaghan at ang parasikolohiya (in Tagalog). Akademya ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino. p. 47. Retrieved 20 June 2021.

[11] Mendez, Paz Policarpio (1991). Culture and Nationhood: A Philosophy of Education for Filipinos. Centro Escolar University, Research and Development Center. Retrieved 10 June 2021.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Arbularyo''' ({{IPA-tl|ärbuˈlɐɾjo̞|[}}), also spelled as '''albularyo''', is a [[Filipino language|Filipino]] term for a [[witch doctor]], folk healer or [[medicine men]]. They practice [[folk medicine]] and use medicinal plants in their trade.<ref>{{cite book |title=Duyan Ng Magiting: The Folk Culture of the Southern Tagalog Region |date=1989 |publisher=IMC |isbn=978-971-10-1241-0 |page=146 |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=vlgeAAAAMAAJ |access-date=8 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+'''Albularyo''' or '''albulario''' is a [[Filipino language|Filipino]] term for a [[witch doctor]], folk healer or [[medicine man]], derived from [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''herbolario'' (herbalist).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fabe |first1=Pamela Amparo H. |title=Migration and Children: The Case of Barangay Suba, Cebu City |date=2001 |publisher=Save the Children (UK) Philippines |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCHaAAAAMAAJ |access-date=20 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> They practice [[folk medicine]] and use medicinal plants in their trade.<ref>{{cite book |title=Duyan Ng Magiting: The Folk Culture of the Southern Tagalog Region |date=1989 |publisher=IMC |isbn=978-971-10-1241-0 |page=146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vlgeAAAAMAAJ |access-date=8 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Overview==
 {{main|History of medicine in the Philippines#Folk medicine}}
-==Role and Functions==
+==the Role and functions==
-An Albularyo is a "folk doctor"<ref name="mata1">{{cite book |last1=Mata |first1=Elvira |title=Positively Mental |date=2017-10-02 |publisher=Anvil Publishing, Inc. |isbn=978-971-27-2937-9 |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KTWWDwAAQBAJ |access-date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> commonly found in the more rural areas of the Philippines who heals people using herbs and traditional practices such as [[hilot]] or ''massage''. Their services are considered either as a first or as a last resort for addressing illnesses.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dizon |first1=Jesus A. N. |last2=Miralao |first2=Virginia A. |last3=Culture |first3=Ateneo de Manila University Institute of Philippine |title=The Hilot in Oriental Mindoro: Final Report Submitted to the Institute of Maternal and Child Health by the Institute of Philippine Culture, 2 April 1973 |date=1973 |publisher=Ateneo de Manila, Institute of Philippine Culture |page=69 |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=vwXbAAAAMAAJ |access-date=8 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The albularyo's patient claims that the practitioner have supernatural powers that modern medicine does not provide. This belief makes them more trustworthy than modern medicine practitioners.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mercado |first1=Leonardo N. |title=Filipino Religious Psychology |date=1977 |publisher=Divine Word University Publications |isbn=978-971-10-6005-3 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=HsAeAAAAMAAJ |access-date=8 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Aside from practicing folk medicine, the albularyo is also alleged to practice [[black magic]] and curse people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brock |first1=Charles |title=Questions People and Churches Ask |date=June 1997 |publisher=Church Growth International |isbn=978-1-885504-43-2 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=ZdIje12iDD8C |access-date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+An albularyo is a "folk doctor"<ref name="mata1">{{cite book |last1=Mata |first1=Elvira |title=Positively Mental |date=2017-10-02 |publisher=Anvil Publishing, Inc. |isbn=978-971-27-2937-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTWWDwAAQBAJ |access-date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> commonly found in the more rural areas of the Philippines who heals people using herbs and traditional practices such as [[hilot]] or ''massage''. Their services are considered either as a first or as a last resort for addressing illnesses.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dizon |first1=Jesus A. N. |last2=Miralao |first2=Virginia A. |last3=Culture |first3=Ateneo de Manila University Institute of Philippine |title=The Hilot in Oriental Mindoro: Final Report Submitted to the Institute of Maternal and Child Health by the Institute of Philippine Culture, 2 April 1973 |date=1973 |publisher=Ateneo de Manila, Institute of Philippine Culture |page=69 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vwXbAAAAMAAJ |access-date=8 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The albularyo's patient claims that the practitioner have supernatural powers that modern medicine does not provide. This belief makes them more trustworthy than modern medicine practitioners.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mercado |first1=Leonardo N. |title=Filipino Religious Psychology |date=1977 |publisher=Divine Word University Publications |isbn=978-971-10-6005-3 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HsAeAAAAMAAJ |access-date=8 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Aside from practicing folk medicine, the albularyo is also alleged to practice [[black magic]] and curse people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brock |first1=Charles |title=Questions People and Churches Ask |date=June 1997 |publisher=Church Growth International |isbn=978-1-885504-43-2 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdIje12iDD8C |access-date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
-The Albularyo practice their trade using prayers called ''orasyon''<ref name="dave1">{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Dave |title=Theology in Context: A Case Study in the Philippines |date=2017-08-23 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-7252-8617-7 |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=nzb7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |access-date=11 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and rituals. They also use concoctions made from plant parts such as leaves, bark, roots and oils such as coconut oils. They can also use their own saliva and pieces of papers with writings.<ref>{{cite book |title=Papers in Mindanao Ethnography: no. 1] Concept of illness among major Philippine tribes |date=1979 |publisher=University Research Center, Mindanao State University |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=CHFZSMTBVRUC |access-date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The albularyo use ''tawas'' ([[alum]]) crystals to find out who is causing the ailments in their patients."<ref name="mata1"/> The may also use [[oomancy|egg]]s or spirits to divine the cause of the ailments.<ref name="dave1"/> Some ailments are claimed to be the work of ''[[lamang lupa]]'' who where unknowingly or knowingly harmed by the patient. The albularyo may then use rituals and prayers to drive away the spirit and therefore remove the sickness from the patient.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mendez |first1=Paz Policarpio |title=Culture and Nationhood: A Philosophy of Education for Filipinos |date=1991 |publisher=Centro Escolar University, Research and Development Center |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=e3ucAAAAMAAJ |access-date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+The albularyos practice their trade using prayers called ''orasyon'' (from Spanish ''oracion''),<ref name="dave1">{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Dave |title=Theology in Context: A Case Study in the Philippines |date=2017-08-23 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-7252-8617-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzb7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |access-date=11 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and rituals. They also use concoctions made from plant parts such as leaves, bark, roots and oils such as coconut oils. ''Pangalap'' is the process of searching for these medicinal plants and ''pabukal'' is the preparation of decoctions from said plants.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sánchez-García |first1=Jose C. |last2=Hernandez-Sanchez |first2=Brizeida |title=Sustainable Organizations: Models, Applications, and New Perspectives |date=2021-02-03 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-1-83880-962-1 |page=199 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DG0tEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA199 |access-date=20 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Albularyos also use their own saliva and pieces of papers with writings.<ref>{{cite book |title=Papers in Mindanao Ethnography: no. 1] Concept of illness among major Philippine tribes |date=1979 |publisher=University Research Center, Mindanao State University |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CHFZSMTBVRUC |access-date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The albularyo use ''tawas'' ([[alum]]) crystals to find out who is causing the ailments in their patients."<ref name="mata1"/> The may also use [[carromancy|candle wax poured in water]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Enriquez |first1=Virgilio G. |title=Ang kababalaghan at ang parasikolohiya |date=1989 |publisher=Akademya ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino |page=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBINAAAAIAAJ |access-date=20 June 2021 |language=tl}}</ref> [[oomancy|egg]]s, or spirits to divine the cause of the ailments.<ref name="dave1"/> Some ailments are claimed to be the work of ''[[lamang lupa]]'' who were unknowingly or knowingly harmed by the patient. The albularyo may then use rituals and prayers to drive away the spirit and therefore remove the sickness from the patient.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mendez |first1=Paz Policarpio |title=Culture and Nationhood: A Philosophy of Education for Filipinos |date=1991 |publisher=Centro Escolar University, Research and Development Center |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e3ucAAAAMAAJ |access-date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
 ==See also==
@@ Line 17: / Line 14: @@
 * [[Pagtatawas]], or Filipino ritual for the diagnosis of illnesses
 * [[Folk medicine]]
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
 {{Philippine mythology}}
 {{Superstitions}}
 [[Category:Philippine mythology]]
@@ Line 26: / Line 25: @@
 [[Category:Asian shamanism]]
 [[Category:Southeast Asian traditional medicine]]
 [[Category:Traditional healthcare occupations]]
 [[Category:Filipino religious leaders]]
 [[Category:Herbalism]]
 [[Category:Tagalog words and phrases]]
 [[Category:Austronesian spirituality]]
-{{Alt-med-stub}}

v t e Indigenous Philippine folk religions (including their mythologies and folklore)
General	Religions Creation stories Soul concepts
Supreme deities	Bathala Kan-Laon Mangindusa Kabunian
Lesser deities	Amihan Bakunawa Mayari Tala Cacao Makiling Sinukuan
Epic and folklore heroes	Ama-ron Aliguyon Bernardo Carpio Daragang Magayon Datu Daya Irong-Irong Juan Tamad Kalantiaw Lam-ang Malakas and Maganda Sarimanok Princess Urduja
Historical people	Dios Buhawi Francisco Dagohoy Papa Isio Pulajans Nardong Putik
Historical events	Dagohoy Rebellion Battle of Dolores River Negros Revolution
Belief systems	Anito Gabâ Pulajan religion Hilot Witchcraft in the Philippines
Spiritual persons	Filipino shamans Datu
Sacred places	Mount Apo Mount Arayat Mount Banahaw Mount Kanlaon Mount Lantoy Mount Makiling Mount Mayon Mount Pinatubo Mount Pulag
Legendary objects	Agimat Anito Code of Kalantiaw Gintong Salakot
Mythical creatures	Agta Alan Amalanhig Amomongo Anggitay Aswang Bal-Bal Batibat Berbalang Berberoka Biringan Bungisngis Busaw Dalaketnon Diwata Duwende Ekek Engkanto Hantu Demon Higante Kapre Kataw Kumakatok Manananggal Manaul Minokawa Nuno sa punso Pugot Santelmo Sarangay Sarimanok Sigbin Sirena Siyokoy Tigmamanukan Tikbalang Tiyanak Wak Wak
Literary works	Biag ni Lam-ang Code of Kalantiaw Hinilawod Hudhud hi Aliguyon Juan Tamad Maragtas
Popular culture	Alamat Amaya Ang Mahiwagang Baul Aso ni San Roque Bagani Da Adventures of Pedro Penduko Dyesebel Dyosa Encantadia Saga Indio Juan dela Cruz Luna Blanca Luna Mystika Mga Kuwento ni Lola Basyang The Mythology Class Trese
Literary sources	Philippine literature Philippine folk literature Philippine epic poetry Cebuano literature Kapampangan literature Hiligaynon literature Ibanag literature Ifugao literature Ilokano literature Mindanao literature Pangasinan literature Tagalog literature Tagbanwa mythology Waray literature

v t e Superstition
Main topics	Amulet Evil eye Luck Omen Talismans Myth and ritual
Lists	List of superstitions List of lucky symbols List of bad luck signs Sailors' superstitions Theatrical superstitions
Africa	Superstition in Ethiopia Buda Gris-gris Sampy Sleeping child
Americas	Ascalapha odorata Bermuda Triangle Brujería Carranca Cooties Curse of Tippecanoe Curupira Djucu Fortune cookie Groundhog Day I'noGo tied Oscar love curse Susto Veve White lighter myth Witch window
Asia	Superstition in India Superstition in Pakistan Superstition in the Philippines Japanese superstitions Superstition in Korea Bhoot (ghost) Chhaupadi Churel Ghosts in Bengali culture Jackal's horn Kuai Kuai culture Muhurta Navaratna Nazar Nazar battu Pichal Peri Puppy pregnancy syndrome Akabeko Kanai Anzen Maneki-neko Okiagari-koboshi Ofuda Omamori Fan death Feng shui Hindu astrology Agimat Albularyo Barang Kulam Lihi Pagtatawas Pasma Usog Kuman Thong Palad khik Takrut Nang Kwak Vastu shastra White elephant Jin Chan Numbers in Chinese culture Yantra cloth
Europe	August curse Barbary macaques in Gibraltar Bayern-luck Blarney Stone Cimaruta Cornicello The Goodman's Croft Himmelsbrief Icelandic magical staves In bocca al lupo Kitchen witch Klabautermann Mooncalf Need-fire Painted pebbles Powder of sympathy Rabbit rabbit rabbit Ravens of the Tower of London Russian traditions and superstitions Superstition in Britain Superstition in Serbia Spilling water for luck The Scottish Play Troll cross Tycho Brahe days Witch post Wolfssegen
General	1 (Ace of spades) 3 (Three on a match) 4 (Four-leaf clover, tetraphobia) 7 (Seventh son of a seventh son) 11:11 13 (Friday the 13th, The Thirteen Club, thirteenth floor, triskaidekaphobia) 17 (Heptadecaphobia) 27 (27 Club) 39 (Curse of 39) 666 (Number of the Beast) Auspicious wedding dates Baseball superstition Beginner's luck Black cat Bread and butter Break a leg Bullroarer Chain letter Cramp-ring Curse Davy Jones' Locker Dead man's hand End-of-the-day betting effect Fear of frogs Fear of ghosts Fertility rite First-foot Flying Dutchman Four eleven forty-four Gambler's conceit Good luck charm Human sacrifice Jinx Hex Knocking on wood Law of contagion Literomancy Lock of hair Maternal impression Miasma theory Nelson Numerophobia Numismatic charm Penny Rabbit's foot Rainmaking Ship sponsor Shoes on a table Sign of the horns Something old Spilling salt Statue rubbing Threshold Toi toi toi Wishing well Witch ball Witching hour
Related	Apophenia Apotropaic magic Astrology and science Coincidence Debunker Divination Folk religion Fortune-telling Magic and religion Magical thinking Numerology Obsessive–compulsive disorder Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena Post hoc ergo propter hoc Questionable cause Superstition in Judaism Superstitions in Muslim societies Traditional medicine Urban legend