In card games, a talon ([taˈlɔ̃]; French for "heel") is a stack of undealt cards that is placed on the table to be used during the game. Depending on the game or region, they may also be referred to as the blind, kitty, skat, stock, tapp or widow (US).
Description
editIn 1909, Meyers Lexicon described the talon as "the cards left over after dealing..."[1] In games of chance, such as Pharo, it is "the stock of cards which the banker draws on".[2] The talon is usually a pack of cards, placed face down, in the middle of the card table. In other games, there are however very different variations, for example in Königrufen. Talons may be placed face up or face down.
Parlett describes a kitty as "the pool or pot being played for" or "a dead hand or widow". He also equates talon to stock as the "cards which are not dealt initially but may be drawn from or dealt out later in the play".[3]
Examples of usage
editThe following are examples of games and the term usually used for talon. They are taken from Parlett[3] unless otherwise indicated:
- Blind: Auction Euchre, Cego, Frog, Sheepshead, Six-Bid
- Cego: Cego
- Dabb: Binokel, Tapp, Tappen
- Doaba: Jaggln[4]
- Dobb: Dobbm[5]
- Kitty: Bid Whist, Five-Card Brag, Five Hundred, Newmarket, Three-Card Brag, Crash, Sergeant-Major
- Pott: Tausendundeins
- Skat: Admirals' Skat, Fipsen, North American Skat, Ramsch, Schieberamsch, Skat
- Start: Tausendundeins, Wallachen[6]
- Stock: Bavarian Tarock, Belote, Bezique, Bisca, Bondtolva, Bourre, Briscola, California Jack, Canasta, Coinche, Crazy Eights, Cuarenta, Durak, Écarté, Eleusis, Gleek, Hand and Foot, Tausendundeins, Klaberjass, Klondike, Marjolet, Ristiklappi, Rummy, Sixty-Six, Skitgubbe, Toepen, Tute
- Stoß: German Rummy
- Talon: Bauernschnapsen,[7] Binokel, Bohemian Schneider, Droggn,[8] Écarté, Elfern, Gaigel, German Rummy, Guinguette, Hungarian Tarock,[9] Illustrated Tarock, Königrufen, Mau-Mau, Mariás, Mauscheln, Mizerka,[10] Nain Jaune, Piquet, Préférence, Preference, Russian Bank,[11] Schnapsen, Sixty-Six, Treppenrommé, Ulti
- Tapp: Binokel, Cego, Tapp, Tapp Tarock, Troggu
- Widow:[a] Army and Navy Pinochle, Auction Euchre, Auction Manille, Auction Pinochle, Frog, Smear, Widow Cinch, Widow Hearts, Widow Nap/Sir Garnet, Widow Pinochle
See also
editFootnotes
edit- ^ Dummett (1980), p. 570, confirms that this is an American expression, something reflected in the games that use the term.
References
edit- ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 1909.
- ^ "Lexikoneintrag zu »Talon«. Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Band 19. Leipzig ..." www.zeno.org.
- ^ a b Parlett, David. The Penguin Book of Card Games. London: Penguin (2008), p. 642-646. ISBN 978-0-141-03787-5.
- ^ Schipflinger, Anton (1927). "Das Jaggln" in Tiroler Heimatblätter, Issue 7/8, pp. 230/231.
- ^ Dobbm at www.pagat.com. Retrieved 29 Jun 2018.
- ^ Rohrmayer 2015.
- ^ Kastner & Folkvord 2005, p. 177.
- ^ Droggn at www.pagat.com. Retrieved 29 Jun 2018.
- ^ Kastner & Folkvord 2005, p. 241.
- ^ Mizerka at www.pagat.com. Retrieved 29 Jun 2018.
- ^ Kastner & Folkvord 2005, p. 273.
Literature
edit- Dummett, Sir Michael (1980). The Game of Tarot. London: Duckworth. ISBN 0715631225
- Kastner, Hugo; Folkvord, Gerald Kador (2005). Die große Humboldt-Enzyklopädie der Kartenspiele. Baden-Baden: Humboldt. ISBN 978-3-89994-058-9.
- Rohrmayer, Erich (2015). Lerne Wallachen. Amberg: Buch- und Kunstverlag Oberpfalz. ISBN 978-3-95587-023-2.
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