An alcohol-free or non-alcoholic drink, also known as a temperance drink, is a version of an alcoholic drink made without alcohol, or with the alcohol removed or reduced to almost zero. These may take the form of a non-alcoholic mixed drink or non-alcoholic beer, and are widely available where alcoholic drinks are sold.
Scientific definition
editLow-alcoholic drink
editSparkling apple cider, soft drinks, and juice naturally contain trace amounts or no alcohol. Some fresh orange juices are above the UK 'alcohol free' limit of 0.05% ABV, as are some yogurts and rye bread.[1]
Ethanol distillation is used to separate alcoholic drinks into what are advertised as non-alcoholic drinks and spirits. Distilled wine produces low alcohol wine[2] and brandy (from brandywine, derived from Dutch brandewijn, "burning wine").[3] Distilled beer may be used to produce low-alcohol beer and whisky.
However, alcoholic drinks cannot be further purified to 0.00% alcohol by volume by distillation, although several brands market their non-alcoholic drinks with '0%' on the packaging. Most drinks labeled "non-alcoholic" contain 0.5% ABV, as it is more profitable than distilling it to 0.05% ABV often found in products sold by companies specializing in non-alcoholic drinks.[citation needed]
Ethical issues
editAlcohol is legal in most countries of the world where a drinking culture exists. In countries where alcohol is illegal, similar non-alcoholic drinks are permitted. The definition of "alcohol-free" may vary from country to country. The term "non-alcoholic" (e.g., alcohol-free beer) is often used to describe a drink that contains 0.0% ABV.
However, most drinks advertised as "non-alcoholic" or "alcohol free" sold by countries with zero tolerance with state-run liquor monopoly, actually contain alcohol. In the European Union, the labels of drinks containing only more than 1.2% ABV must state the actual alcoholic strength (i.e., show the word "alcohol" or the abbreviation "alc." followed by the symbol "% vol.").[4]
Alcohol is a psychoactive drug and some critics say that the label "non-alcoholic" is misleading, due to the presence of small amounts of alcohol in most drinks labelled as such, and a threat to recovering alcoholics.[5]
Non-alcoholic mixed drinks
editNon-alcoholic cocktails often resemble alcoholic cocktails without any liquor. They can be a blend of fresh fruit juices, syrups, cream, herbs and spices, or can use non-alcoholic spirits. These drinks are designed specifically for those who are sober, and are particularly favored over cocktails by teetotalers, underage persons, drivers, pregnant women, and others who choose drinks that are alcohol-free.[6]
Fruestas
editThe Woman's Christian Temperance Union publishes several recipes for fruestas, which are nonalcoholic fruit drinks for large functions, such as proms and weddings.[7] As a locution, fruesta drinks are etymologically derived from "fruit" and "fiesta", being a portmanteau of the two words.[7]
Legal definitions
editEU
editIn the European Union, the labels of drinks containing more than 1.2% ABV must state the actual alcoholic strength (i.e., show the word "alcohol" or the abbreviation "alc." followed by the symbol "% vol.").[8]
Denmark
editThe government of Denmark have decided to change the alcohol free legal definition from 0.1% alcohol by volume to 0.5%. This is due to the different taste of 0.5% than of 0.1%.[9]
Finland
editNon-alcoholic beverage means a beverage which contains a maximum of 1.2 percentage by volume ethyl alcohol.[10]
Italy
editNon-alcoholic beer, termed as "birra analcolica", is regulated as equal to or less than 1.2% ABV.[11]
Sweden
editSystembolaget defines alcohol-free as a drink that contains no more than 0.5% alcohol by volume.[12]
United Kingdom
editLicensing laws only place restrictions on the sale or consumption of drinks with an alcohol content of over 0.5%.[13]
Japan
editIn Japanese Liquor Tax Law, alcoholic drinks (酒類, shurui) are defined as equal to or more than 1% ABV,[14] so that drinks that are less than 1% ABV are not treated as alcoholic drink.[15] However, Advertisement Judging Committee on Alcoholic Drink (酒類の広告審査委員会, Shurui no Kōkoku Shinsa Īnkai), organization for making self‐imposed regulation, defines non-alcoholic drinks (ノンアルコール飲料, non’arukōru inryō) as drinks that 0.00% ABV.[16]
Norway
editAn alcohol free drink is defined as under 0.7% alcohol by volume.[17]
Russia
editNon-alcoholic drinks are defined as containing less than 0.5% abv in general, or less than 1.2% abv if based on a fermentation product, including drinks like kefir, kvass and medovukha. This also includes low-alcohol beers by definition.[18]
United States
editA malt drink that contains less than 0.5% alcohol by volume does not have to be labeled.
(e) Non-alcoholic. The term “non-alcoholic” may be used on labels of malt beverages only if the statement “contains less than 0.5 percent (or .5%) alcohol by volume” appears immediately adjacent to it, in readily legible printing, and on a completely contrasting background. No tolerances are permitted for malt beverages labeled as “non-alcoholic” and containing less than 0.5 percent alcohol by volume. A malt beverage may not be labeled with an alcohol content of 0.0 percent alcohol by volume, unless it is also labeled as “alcohol free” in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section, and contains no alcohol. (f) Alcohol free. The term “alcohol free” may be used only on malt beverages containing no alcohol. No tolerances are permitted for “alcohol free” malt beverages.
— U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Part 7—Labeling and advertising of malt beverages, Subpart E §7.65 Alcohol content[19]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "What is meant by alcohol-free?". alcoholfree.co.uk. 14 May 2006. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ "low alcohol wines". bottle barn.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1989.
- ^ "Beverage Alcohol Labeling Requirements by Country". IARD.org. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ^ "Sweden's alcohol-free drink label 'misleading'". Thelocal.se. 29 October 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- ^ "fruc.org". fruc.org. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ^ a b Rollins, Cristin Eleanor; Finlay, William (2005). "Have You Heard the Trampling of the New Crusade?": Organizational Survival and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. p. 53.
- ^ "Beverage Alcohol Labeling Requirements by Country". Icap.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- ^ "Nu må en alkoholfri øl indeholde mere alkohol". politiken.dk. 11 April 2014.
- ^ "Alcohol Act".
- ^ Porretta, S.; Donadini, G. (2008). "A Preference Study for No Alcohol Beer in Italy Using Quantitative Concept Analysis". Journal of the Institute of Brewing. 114 (4): 315–321. doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.2008.tb00775.x.
- ^ "Alcohol-free products". Systembolaget.se. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- ^ "Licensing Act 2003". legislation.gov.uk. Crown copyright.
- ^ "酒税法".
- ^ "ノンアルコール飲料". e-ヘルスネット 情報提供 (in Japanese). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "酒類の広告審査委員会 －自主基準 自主基準の遵守等－". www.rcaa.jp. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "Lov om omsetning av alkoholholdig drikk m.v. (alkoholloven)". lovdata.no.
- ^ "State standard of non-alcoholic beverages". Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification.
- ^ "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations". United States Government. See §7.65, paragraphs (e) and (f).
Further reading
edit- Sheppard, Julie (14 April 2021). "The rise of no- and low-alcohol spirits". Decanter.