Wikipedia

National poet

A national poet or national bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture.[1] The national poet as culture hero is a long-standing symbol, to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically-appointed poet-laureate office. The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during Romanticism, as a figure that helped consolidation of the nation states, as it provided validation of their ethno-linguistic groups.[1]

Tomb of James Clarence Mangan, with legend describing him as "Ireland's national poet."

Most national poets are historic figures, though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered "national poets". Though not formally elected, national poets play a role in shaping a country's understanding of itself.[2] Some nations may have more than one national poet; the idea of a single one is always a simplification. It has been argued that a national poet "must write poetry that closely identifies with the nation's cause – or is thought to do so",[3] with an additional assumption being that "a national poet must write in a national language".[4]

The following is a list of nations, with their associated national poets. It is not a list of sovereign states or countries, though many of the nations listed may also be such. The terms "nation" (as cultural concept), "country" (as geographical concept) and "state" (as political concept) are not synonyms.

Africa

edit
 
Hadrawi of Somalia
Country or Territory Poet Sources
  Algeria Si Mohand, Moufdi Zakaria [5][6]
  Angola Agostinho Neto [7]
  Burkina Faso Titinga Frédéric Pacéré [8]
  Cape Verde Jorge Barbosa [9]
  Democratic Republic of Congo Antoine-Roger Bolamba (J'ongungu) [when the country was known as Congo–Zaire] [10]
  Djibouti Victor Hugo M'Gonagall [11]
  Egypt Ahmed Shawqi [12]
  Ethiopia Gibreab Teferi, Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin [13]
  Ghana Atukwei Okai, Kofi Awoonor [14][15]
  Kenya Abdilatif Abdalla [16]
  Lesotho Thomas Mofolo [17]
  Liberia Melvin B. Tolson [18]
  Libya Ahmed Rafiq Almhadoui [19]
  Madagascar Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo [20]
  Mali Fily Dabo Sissoko [21]
  Mauritius Léoville L'Homme [22]
  Morocco Mohammed Awzal [23]
  Mozambique José Craveirinha [24]
  Namibia Mvula ya Nangolo [25]
  Nigeria Christopher Okigbo [26][27]
  São Tomé and Príncipe Francisco José Tenreiro, Alda Neves do Espírito Santo [28][29]
  Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor [30]
  Sierra Leone Davidson Nicol [31]
  Somalia Hadrawi [32]
  South Africa S. E. K. Mqhayi [33]
  Tanzania Shaaban bin Robert [34]
  Tunisia Aboul-Qacem Echebbi [35][36]
  Western Sahara Zaim Allal [37]


Asia

edit
Country (or region) Poet Sources
  Afghanistan Rumi, Khushal Khattak [38][39]
  Bangladesh Kazi Nazrul Islam [40]
  China Du Fu, Li Bai [41][42][43]
  Cambodia Preah Botumthera Som [44]
  India Maithili Sharan Gupt, Subramania Bharati, Kalidasa, Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Rabindranath Tagore [45][46][47][48][49]
  Indonesia Chairil Anwar [50]
  Iran Ferdowsi, Rumi, Hafez, Attar, Omar Khayyám, Saadi, Nizami Ganjavi, Rudaki,Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar,Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār,Rakhshandeh E'tesami [51][52][53]
  Iraq Muthaffar al-Nawab, Al-Mutanabbi, Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri [54][55][56]
  Israel Yehuda Amichai, Hayim Nahman Bialik, Natan Alterman [57][58],[59]
  Japan Matsuo Bashō, Lafcadio Hearn, Tanikawa Shuntaro, Ishikawa Takuboku [60][61][62]
  Jordan Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal [63]
  Kazakhstan Abai Qunanbaiuli [64]
  Korea Cho Ki-chon, Yun Dongju, Han Yong-un, Park Mok-wol, Jeong Cheol [65][66]
  Kurdistan Hemin Mukriyani, Sherko Bekas, Abdurrahman Sharafkandi, Ehmedê Xanî [67][68][69][70]
  Kyrgyzstan Toktogul Satylganov [71]
  Lebanon Kahlil Gibran, Said Akl [72][73]
  Malaysia Usman Awang [74]
  Mongolia Ochirbatyn Dashbalbar, Dulduityn Danzanravjaa, Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj, Byambyn Rinchen, Hadaa Sendoo [75][76][77][78][79]
  Myanmar Min Thu Wun [80]
    Nepal Madhav Prasad Ghimire [81]
  Pakistan Allama Muhammad Iqbal [82]
  Palestine Mahmoud Darwish [83]
  Philippines Francisco Balagtas [84]
  Sri Lanka Parakrama Kodituwakku [85]
  Syria Nizar Qabbani [86]
  Taiwan Yang Mu, Yu Youren [87][88]
  Tajikistan Sadriddin Ayni, Bozor Sobir, Mirzo Tursunzoda Rudaki, Rumi, Gulnazar Keldi [89][90][91][92][93][94][95]
  Thailand Sunthorn Phu [96][97]
  Tibet Tsering Woeser [98]
  Turkey Rumi, Nâzım Hikmet, Ziya Gökalp, Mehmet Âkif Ersoy [52][99][100][101]
  Turkmenistan Magtymguly Pyragy [102]
  Uzbekistan Ali-Shir Nava'i, Abdulla Oripov, Erkin Vohidov, Gʻafur Gʻulom, Mirtemir [103]
  Vietnam Nguyễn Du, Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Hồ Xuân Hương [104][105][106]
  Yemen Abdullah Al-Baradouni, Waddah al-Yaman [107][108]

Europe

edit
Country (or region) Poet Sources
  Albania Gjergj Fishta, Naim Frashëri [109][110]
  Abkhazia Dmitry Gulia [111]
  Armenia Hovhannes Tumanyan, Sayat-Nova, Yeghishe Charents [112][113][114]
  Austria Franz Grillparzer ,Johann Nepomuk Nestroy, Georg Trakl, Rainer Maria Rilke [115][116][117]
  Azerbaijan Nizami Ganjavi, Fuzûlî, Imadaddin Nasimi, Samad Vurgun [118][119][120]
  Bashkortostan Rami Garipov, Mustai Karim [121][122][123]
  Basque Country Bernard Etxepare [124]
  Belarus Yanka Kupala, Yakub Kolas [125][126]
  Belgium Emile Verhaeren, Maurice Maeterlinck [127][128]
  Catalonia Ausiàs March, Jacint Verdaguer [129][130]
  Chechnya Ismail Kerimov [131]
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Abdulah Sidran, Mak Dizdar, Izet Sarajlić [132][133]
  Brittany Théodore Claude Henri, vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué [134]
  Bulgaria Hristo Botev, Ivan Vazov [135][136]
  Carpathian Ruthenia Alexander Dukhnovych [137]
  Croatia Marko Marulić, Ivan Gundulić [138]
  Cyprus Vasilis Michaelides [139]
  Czech Republic (Czech lands) Karel Hynek Mácha, Jan Neruda [140][141]
  Dagestan Rasul Gamzatov [142]
  Denmark Adam Oehlenschläger, Hans Christian Andersen, Søren Kierkegaard, N. F. S. Grundtvig [143][144][145]
  Faroe Islands William Heinesen, Nólsoyar Páll, Mikkjal á Ryggi [146][147][148]
  England Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Thomas Hardy, W. H. Auden, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Philip Larkin [149][150][151][152][153][154]
  Estonia Kristjan Jaak Peterson, Lydia Koidula [155][156]
  Finland Eino Leino, Elias Lönnrot, Johan Ludvig Runeberg, Edith Södergran [157][158][159]
  Flanders Émile Verhaeren, Hendrik Conscience, Guido Gezelle, Hugo Claus [127]
  Friesland Gysbert Japicx (or Japiks) [160]
  France Charles Baudelaire, Victor Hugo, Arthur Rimbaud [161][162]
  Galicia Rosalía de Castro, Ramón Cabanillas [163][164]
  Georgia Shota Rustaveli [165]
  Germany Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich von Schiller, Heinrich Heine, Bertolt Brecht, Friedrich Hölderlin, Novalis, Friedrich Nietzsche, Hermann Hesse, Stefan George [166][167][168][169][170][171]
  Greece Homer, Sappho, Pindar, Solon, Dionysios Solomos [172][173][174]
  Guernsey George Métivier [175]
  Hungary Sándor Petőfi, János Arany [176][177]
  Iceland Jónas Hallgrímsson, Hallgrímur Pétursson [178][179]
  Ireland Thomas Moore, William Butler Yeats, Seamus Heaney, Patrick Pearse [180][181][182][183][184][185]
  Isle of Man T. E. Brown [186]
  Italy Ovid, Virgil, Horace, Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca, Giosuè Carducci, Giacomo Leopardi, Ugo Foscolo, Gabriele D'Annunzio [187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194]
  Jersey Wace [195]
  Kosovo Ali Podrimja [196]
  Latvia Rainis, Andrejs Pumpurs [197][198]
  Lithuania Kristijonas Donelaitis, Maironis, Justinas Marcinkevičius, Adomas Mickevičius [199][200][201]
  Luxembourg Edmond de la Fontaine, Michel Lentz [202][203]
  Malta Dun Karm Psaila [204]
  Moldova Grigore Vieru, Mihai Eminescu [205][206]
  Monaco Louis Notari [207]
  Montenegro Petar II Petrović-Njegoš [140]
  Netherlands Joost van den Vondel, Jacob Cats [208][209]
  North Macedonia Kočo Racin [210]
  North Ossetia-Alania Kosta Khetagurov [211]
  Northern Cyprus Özker Yaşın [212]
  Norway Henrik Wergeland [213]
  Occitania Frédéric Mistral, Arnaut Daniel, Bernart de Ventadorn, Comtessa de Dia [214][215][216][217]
  Poland Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, Zygmunt Krasiński [218]
  Portugal Luís de Camões, Fernando Pessoa [219][220]
  Provence Frédéric Mistral, Comtessa de Dia [214][217]
  Romania Mihai Eminescu [221]
  Russia Alexander Pushkin, Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, Sergei Yesenin, Ivan Turgenev, Ivan Bunin [222][223][224]
  Sápmi Anders Fjellner [225]
  Scotland Robert Burns, Hugh MacDiarmid [226][227]
  Serbia Desanka Maksimović, Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, Jovan Sterija Popović, Jovan Jovanović Zmaj [228][229][230][231]
  Slovakia Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav [232]
  Slovenia France Prešeren [233]
  Spain Miguel de Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Federico García Lorca [1][234]
  Styria Peter Rosegger [235]
  Sweden Carl Michael Bellman, Gustaf Fröding, Verner von Heidenstam, Esaias Tegnér [236][237][238][239]
   Switzerland Gottfried Keller, Carl Spitteler [240][241]
  Tatarstan Ğabdulla Tuqay, Musa Cälil, Ravil Fayzullin, Fänis Yarullin [tt] [242][243][244][245]
  Turkey Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Nâzım Hikmet [246][247]
  Ukraine Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko, Lesya Ukrainka [248][249][250]
  Wales Dylan Thomas, Dafydd ap Gwilym [251][252]

North America

edit
Country or Territory Poets Sources
  Barbados Kamau Brathwaite [253]
  Canada Margaret Atwood, E. Pauline Johnson, E. J. Pratt, Al Purdy, Milton Acorn [254][255][256]
  Quebec: Émile Nelligan, Gaston Miron, Gilles Vigneault, Octave Crémazie [257][258][259][260][261]
  Costa Rica Aquileo J. Echeverría, Jorge Debravo [262][263]
  Cuba José Martí, Lezama Lima, Agustín Acosta (1955), Nicolás Guillén (1961), Nancy Morejón (2018) [264][265][266][267][268]
  Curaçao Pierre Lauffer [269]
  Dominican Republic Pedro Mir [270]
  El Salvador Roque Dalton [271]
  Greenland Henning Jakob Henrik Lund [272]
  Guadeloupe Guy Tirolien [273]
  Guatemala Rafael Landívar [274]
  Haiti Oswald Durand [275]
  Honduras Roberto Sosa [276]
  Jamaica Claude McKay [277]
  Martinique Aimé Césaire [278][279]
  Mexico Octavio Paz, Ramón López Velarde [280]
  Nicaragua Rubén Darío [281]
  Panama Ricardo Miró [282][283]
  Puerto Rico Julia de Burgos, Giannina Braschi, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Lola Rodríguez de Tió, Nimia Vicéns [284][285][286][287][288]
  Saint Lucia Derek Walcott [289]
  Sint Maarten Lasana M. Sekou [290][291]
  Trinidad and Tobago E. M. Roach [292]
  United States Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, William Carlos Williams, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Carl Sandburg, Maya Angelou, Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, Jack Kerouac, James Wright, Allen Ginsberg [293][294][295][296][297][298][299][300]

Oceania

edit
Country Poets
  Australia Dorothea Mackellar, Mary Gilmore, Judith Wright, Henry Lawson, Adam Lindsay Gordon, A. B. "Banjo" Paterson, C.J. Dennis [301][302][303]
  New Zealand James K. Baxter, Thomas Bracken, Allen Curnow [304]
  Tonga Konai Helu Thaman [305]


South America

edit
Country Poets Sources
  Argentina José Hernández, Jorge Luis Borges, Leopoldo Lugones [306]
  Bolivia Rosendo Villalobos [307]
  Brazil Gonçalves Dias, Olavo Bilac, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Machado de Assis [308][309][310][311]
  Chile Pablo Neruda, Gabriela Mistral [312][313]
  Colombia Rafael Pombo, José Asunción Silva, Álvaro Mutis [314][315]
  Ecuador José Joaquín de Olmedo, Remigio Crespo Toral [316][317]
  Guyana Martin Carter [318]
  Peru César Vallejo [319]
  Suriname Trefossa [320]
  Uruguay Juan Zorrilla de San Martín [321]
  Venezuela Andrés Eloy Blanco [322]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c Nemoianu, Virgil (2002). Esterhammer, Angela (ed.). "'National Poets' in the Romantic Age: Emergence and Importance." Romantic Poetry. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 537. ISBN 9789027234506.
  2. ^ "Our National Poets". Poets.org. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  3. ^ John Neubauer, "Figures of National Poets", in Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., Figures of National Poets (2004), p. 11.
  4. ^ Michael Baron, Language and Relationship in Wordsworth's Writing (1995), p. 13.
  5. ^ Brugnatelli, Vermondo (1 November 2016). Vermondo Brugnatelli «Mi spezzo ma non mi piego» - La poesia di Si Mohand (1849-1905) – via www.academia.edu.
  6. ^ "اكتشف العالم". اكتشف العالم.
  7. ^ Rehan, Mahmood (22 May 2023). "Angola National Poet: A Tribute to Agostinho Neto".
  8. ^ "Editorial de Sidwaya : Des signaux forts… ! - leFaso.net". lefaso.net (in French). Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  9. ^ Almeida, Germano (3 November 2023). "Apenas indeferença? – A Nação – Jornal Independente" (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  10. ^ Gikandi, Simon (2 September 2003). Encyclopedia of African Literature. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-58222-8.
  11. ^ Punch. Punch Publications Limited. 1977.
  12. ^ Graves, R. (2014). Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography. United Kingdom: Penguin Books Limited.
  13. ^ "PN Review Print and Online Poetry Magazine - News & Notes - Compiled by Eleanor Crawforth - PN Review 169". www.pnreview.co.uk.
  14. ^ "Professor John Atukwei Okai An Appreciation Of A Pan-African Bard".
  15. ^ Awoonor, Kofi; Anyidoho, Kofi; Dawes, Kwame Senu Neville (26 January 2014). The promise of hope: new and selected poems, 1964-2013. African poetry book series. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-5493-0 – via Charlotte Mecklenburg Library.
  16. ^ England), UMOJA (Political organization : London (1988). Struggle for Democracy in Kenya: Special Report on the 1988 General Elections in Kenya. UMOJA.
  17. ^ "Lesotho Facts and History and History". 21 April 2020.
  18. ^ "Robert M. Farnsworth - Melvin B. Tolson : Revisited". www.flashpointmag.com.
  19. ^ Rothenberg, Jerome; Joris, Pierre; Robinson, Jeffrey Cane; Tengour, Habib (1995). Poems for the Millennium, Volume Four: The University of California Book of North African Literature. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-27385-6.
  20. ^ "Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo | African Studies Centre Leiden". www.ascleiden.nl.
  21. ^ "What is the national flower of Mali, Meaning and Symbolism". Symbolic Meaning Of A Flower. 9 October 2023.
  22. ^ "Indradhanush Magazine: Léoville L'Homme | Pahlad Ramsurrun".
  23. ^ "Allama Iqbal's philosophy gives depth, height to human imagination: PM". 8 February 2019.
  24. ^ apa, livia (1 January 2011). Akyeampong, Emmanuel K.; Gates, Henry Louis (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5 – via www.oxfordreference.com.
  25. ^ "Mvula Ya NANGOLO – Namibia | Revue Noire". www.revuenoire.com.
  26. ^ Nwakanma, O. (2010:90). Christopher Okigbo, 1930-67: Thirsting for Sunlight. Nigeria: James Currey.
  27. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics. (2018:623). United Kingdom: OUP Oxford.
  28. ^ "Francisco José de Vasques Tenreiro | Associação Portuguesa de Geógrafos". www.apgeo.pt. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  29. ^ Hage, Naziha (11 April 2024). "Las mujeres, fundamentales en la lucha anticolonial portuguesa". Es África (in European Spanish). Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  30. ^ Moore, G. (1980:38). Twelve African Writers. United Kingdom: Hutchinson University Library for Africa.
  31. ^ Rice, G. T. (1985:238). The Bold Experiment: JFK's Peace Corps. United States: University Press of Virginia.
  32. ^ "Hadraawi, Shakespeare of Somalia, dies". New Age.
  33. ^ "Bibliographies: 'Mqhayi S' – Grafiati". www.grafiati.com.
  34. ^ J. Cameron; W. A. Dodd (17 May 2014). Society, Schools and Progress in Tanzania: The Commonwealth and International Library: Education and Educational Research. Elsevier Science. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-1-4831-5914-0.
  35. ^ "Tunisia – nationalanthems.info".
  36. ^ Valisi, Khalid (24 January 2021). ""Canticles of the life" by Aboul-Qacem Echebbi".
  37. ^ "Poetry Translation Centre features two poets from this project in an upcoming translation workshop – Western Sahara Poetry". 21 June 2023.
  38. ^ Morgenstierne, G. (1960). "Khushhal Khan—the national poet of the Afghans". Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society. 47: 49–57. doi:10.1080/03068376008731684.
  39. ^ "Poetry of Rumi Spans Across Centuries, Cultures". PBS NewsHour. 4 June 2009.
  40. ^ "Kaazi Nazrul Islam The National Poet of Bangladesh : A Profile Study". www.boloji.com.
  41. ^ Hao, Tianhu (2012). "Milton in Late-Qing China (1837-1911) and the Production of Cross-Cultural Knowledge". Milton Quarterly. 46 (2): 86–105. doi:10.1111/j.1094-348X.2012.00330.x. JSTOR 24463978.
  42. ^ "Poetic Genius, Sage of Poetry, Buddhist Poet and Poet-Ghost". en.chinaculture.org.
  43. ^ Ward, J. E. (2008). Li Bai: an Homage To. United Kingdom: Lulu.com.
  44. ^ Polin, Soth; May, Sharon (2006). "Without Words: An Interview". Manoa. 18 (1): 108–115. doi:10.1353/man.2006.0035. JSTOR 4230442.
  45. ^ "National Poet Subramania Bharati: Thinker ahead of times from Tamil Nadu – Indian Institute of Advanced Study".
  46. ^ "Maithili Sharan Gupta poems are awakening for the passion of patriotism". Ground News. 12 December 2020.
  47. ^ Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona. (1987). India: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
  48. ^ Bhawe, S. S. (1964). Kalidasa: The National Poet of India. India: Good Companions.
  49. ^ "Valmiki Jayanti At Shri Dwarkamai Vidyapeeth". Lokvani.
  50. ^ "Joma Sison - Arts of Resistance". artsofresistance.com.
  51. ^ "The Shahnameh: Iran's National Epic". www.nhlrc.ucla.edu.
  52. ^ a b https://www.thestorymint.com/writers-pad/farha-naz/titles/my-favourite-author-jalaluddin-rumi-who-changed-my-life-0 [bare URL]
  53. ^ Viestad, A. (2023). Dinner in Rome: A History of the World in One Meal. United Kingdom: Reaktion Books.
  54. ^ "Iraq: Protesters force PM to leave funeral of national poet Muzaffar al-Nawab". Middle East Eye.
  55. ^ Wonders of creation: manuscripts of the Bavarian State Library from the Islamic world. (2010). Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  56. ^ Zeidel, R. (2020). Pluralism in the Iraqi Novel After 2003: Literature and the Recovery of National Identity. United States: Lexington Books.
  57. ^ Gold, Nili Scharf (2008). Yehuda Amichai: The Making of Israel's National Poet. Brandeis University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv102bhrh. ISBN 978-1-58465-733-0. JSTOR j.ctv102bhrh.[page needed]
  58. ^ "Hayim Nahman Bialik".
  59. ^ "Celebrating Natan Alterman: Israel's National Poet, Literary Legend, and Political Voice". 14 August 1910.
  60. ^ "Lafcadio Hearn: The Greek National Poet of Japan - GreekReporter.com".
  61. ^ Japan Quarterly. (1960:47). Japan: Asahi Shinbun.
  62. ^ Keene, Donald (19 September 2016). The First Modern Japanese: The Life of Ishikawa Takuboku. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54223-4.
  63. ^ Mahfouz, Safi; Al Hweitat, Dr. Mufleh (2022). "'Arār, "Jordan's Wandering Poet among the Gypsies," and Maxwell Bodenheim, "The Village Rogue": A Comparative Study of the Two Bohemians' Lives and Poetic Styles". The International Journal of Literary Humanities. 20 (2): 121–137. doi:10.18848/2327-7912/CGP/v20i02/121-137. ProQuest 2730090789.
  64. ^ Shymkent, Info (9 August 2020). "175th Birthday of Abay Qunanbaiuly".
  65. ^ 기획 기사 [9.9절 방북취재-6]<백두산은 역시 혁명의 성산> (in Korean). Korean American National Coordinating Council. 23 September 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  66. ^ Lim, Byung-Sun; Dabezies, André (January 1989). Le poéte coréen Yun Tong-Ju : (Entre le Jiandao du nord et le Japon) (These de doctorat). Aix-Marseille 1.
  67. ^ "Hemn, the National Poet". KURDŞOP (kurdshop.net). 5 August 2023.
  68. ^ "Reviewing Sherko Bekas' 'The Secret Diary of a Rose'". 6 June 2023.
  69. ^ Claude H. Potts, Curator (13 June 2021). "Kurdish" – via berkeley.pressbooks.pub. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  70. ^ Leezenberg, Michiel. "The Consecration of a Kurdish National Epic" – via www.academia.edu. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  71. ^ Coşkun, M. (2020:64). Improvising the Voice of the Ancestors: Heritage and Identity in Central Asia. Germany: Lit Verlag.
  72. ^ ""The Prophet" in Greenwich Village". The New York Public Library.
  73. ^ Salameh, F. (2010:220). Language, Memory, and Identity in the Middle East: The Case for Lebanon. Ukraine: Lexington Books.
  74. ^ "In Memory of Linda Chen (1928-2002)". 10 April 2007.
  75. ^ Diener, Alexander C.; Hagen, Joshua (1 July 2013). "City of felt and concrete: Negotiating cultural hybridity in Mongolia's capital of Ulaanbaatar". Nationalities Papers. 41 (4): 622–650. doi:10.1080/00905992.2012.743513 – via CrossRef.
  76. ^ "Simon Wickhamsmith | Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Academia.edu". rutgers.academia.edu.
  77. ^ "Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj". memim.com.
  78. ^ "Mongolian calligraphy – the tradition of fine writing in the Mongolian language | 世界书法博物馆". www.calligraphy-museum.com.
  79. ^ "Riding & Writing...: Hadaa Sendoo, World Poet". 14 June 2015.
  80. ^ "Burmese National Poet & Literary Icon, Min Thu Wun 100 year Anniversary to hold far and wide". 6 February 2009.
  81. ^ Acharya, Sanskriti. "206th birth anniversary of Aadi Kavi Bhanu Bhakta Acharya being marked today (with video)". My Republica.
  82. ^ Poets, Academy of American. "Muhammad Allama Iqbal". Poets.org.
  83. ^ Saber, Indlieb Farazi. "'The war will end': Remembering Mahmoud Darwish, Palestine's poetic voice". Al Jazeera.
  84. ^ "Francisco "Baltazar" Balagtas – Provincial Government of Bulacan". bulacan.gov.ph.
  85. ^ Beyond Borders: An Anthology of SAARC Poetry. (2002). India: Academy of Fine Arts and Literature and Rainbow Publishers.
  86. ^ "Nizar Qabbani". obo.
  87. ^ Wong, L. L. (2009:170). Rays of the Searching Sun: The Transcultural Poetics of Yang Mu. Austria: P.I.E. Peter Lang.
  88. ^ "Politics and Cultural Nativism in 1970s Taiwan: Youth, Narrative, Nationalism 9780231553667". dokumen.pub.
  89. ^ "Sadriddin Ayni". medt.tj.
  90. ^ "10 Notable Alumni of Tajik National University [Sorted List]". EduRank.org - Discover university rankings by location. 11 August 2021.
  91. ^ "Tajik Literature and Poetry". www.advantour.com.
  92. ^ "Rūdakī | Classical Poet, Persian Language, 9th Century | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 4 April 2024.
  93. ^ "Renowned Iranian poet Saadi commemorated in Tajikistan". 22 April 2022.
  94. ^ "Jalaliddin Rumi - Poetry and Wisdom Beyond Time".
  95. ^ "On the Demise of Gulnazar Keldi".
  96. ^ "Poems from the Buddha's Footprint: A Conversation with Noh Anothai | Structo". structomagazine.co.uk.
  97. ^ "MIDWEST MONKEY: Reading Sunthorn Phu". 10 October 2016.
  98. ^ Sangster, Leigh (8 April 2012). "The Work of Art in the Age of Self-Immolation". Society for Cultural Anthropology.
  99. ^ "Ziya Gkalp: Turkeys National Poet and the Father of Turkish Nationalism". 6 August 2013.
  100. ^ "LM: NAZIM HIKMET National Poet, International Figure But Not A Turkish Citizen, by Julie MARDIN". www.lightmillennium.org.
  101. ^ "Writer of Turkish national anthem commemorated - Türkiye News". Hürriyet Daily News. 28 December 2020.
  102. ^ uz, Daryo (3 June 2023). "Giant statue of national poet Magtymguly installed in Ashgabat". Daryo.uz.
  103. ^ "Why Lord Ram is the most misunderstood man in India". www.dailyo.in.
  104. ^ "Discussion: Commemorating Nguyễn Du - Goethe-Institut Vietnam". @GI_weltweit.
  105. ^ "UNESCO celebration held for 200th birthday of famed Vietnamese poet". vietnamnews.vn.
  106. ^ "SELECTED WORKS OF HỒ XUÂN HƯƠNG READ AT LIBRARY OF CONGRESS | Đại sứ quán Việt Nam tại Hoa Kỳ". vietnamembassy-usa.org.
  107. ^ "British-Yemeni Society: Waddah al-Yaman: national poet, by Abdulla al-Udhari". al-bab.com.
  108. ^ Al-Shamahi, Abubakr. "Poet Threa Almontaser's 'love letter to Yemen'". Al Jazeera.
  109. ^ "Gjergj FISHTA". www.albanianliterature.net.
  110. ^ "Naim FRASHËRI". www.albanianliterature.net.
  111. ^ "The pioneer in everything and the patriarch of Abkhaz literature: about Dmitry Gulia". World Abaza Congress.
  112. ^ "The Colour Of Pomegranates". 6 March 2019.
  113. ^ "First English Collection of Studies on Yeghishe Charents – Asbarez.com". 5 March 2004.
  114. ^ "Hovhannes Toumanian - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry". allpoetry.com.
  115. ^ "Franz Grillparzer - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry". allpoetry.com.
  116. ^ Yates, W. E. (2014). "Review of Grillparzers Welttheater: Modernität und Tradition". Austrian Studies. 22: 215–217. doi:10.5699/austrianstudies.22.2014.0215. JSTOR 10.5699/austrianstudies.22.2014.0215.
  117. ^ Austria today. (1984:7). Austria: Austria Today Limited.
  118. ^ ""MANUSCRIPTS DO NOT BURN"". Region Plus.
  119. ^ "Exhibition dedicated to Nasimi opens in capital". Azernews.Az. 4 April 2019.
  120. ^ Samad Vurgun
  121. ^ "A unique website of the national poet Rami Garipov was created in Bashkortostan". The Cultural World of Bashkortostan.
  122. ^ "Карим Мустай". The Cultural World of Bashkortostan.
  123. ^ "Mustay KARIM about Tukay…". Gabdulla Tukay.
  124. ^ Toledo Lezeta, Ana María (2008). "Linguae Vasconum Primitiae, bi partetan banaturik". Jean Haritschelhar-i omenaldia. pp. 625–644.
  125. ^ Martin, T. D. (2001:436). The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939. United Kingdom: Cornell University Press.
  126. ^ Tourist Mosaic of Belarus. (2017:480). Russia: ЛитРес.
  127. ^ a b "Émile Verhaeren. The Only National Poet Belgium Has Ever Had". the low countries.
  128. ^ Cultures in Flux: Lower-Class Values, Practices, and Resistance in Late Imperial Russia. (1994:140). Ukraine: Princeton University Press.
  129. ^ "Ausiàs March". www.visat.cat.
  130. ^ "Jacint Verdaguer, national poet of Catalonia".
  131. ^ "The Deportation by Ismail Kerimov". Waynakh Online.
  132. ^ Sabah, Daily (21 February 2019). "Homage to Bosnian national poet". Daily Sabah.
  133. ^ Mahmutćehajić, R. (2015). The Praised and the Virgin. Netherlands: Brill.
  134. ^ Brennan & O'Dea, Paul & Michael (2004). Entrelacs franco-irlandais, langue, mémoire, imaginaire. Presses universitaires de Caen. p. 81.
  135. ^ Hristo Botev’s birth anniversary Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Radio Bulgaria History and Religion, posted January 6, 2007, updated on January 12, 2007, accessed 9 March 2007
  136. ^ Grogan, Ellinor (1922). "Ivan Vazov". The Slavonic Review. 1 (1): 225–227. JSTOR 4201601.
  137. ^ Rusinko, Elaine (10 May 1996). "Between Russia and Hungary: Foundations of Literature and National Identity in Subcarpathian Rus'". The Slavonic and East European Review. 74 (3): 421–444. JSTOR 4212145.
  138. ^ "Marko Marulić Statue, Split". cityseeker.
  139. ^ Ioannides, C. P. (2018:12). Cyprus Under British Colonial Rule: Culture, Politics, and the Movement Toward Union with Greece, 1878–1954. United States: Lexington Books.
  140. ^ a b Dović, Marijan; Helgason, Jón Karl (2017). National Poets, Cultural Saints: Canonization and Commemorative Cults of Writers in Europe. p. 63. doi:10.1163/9789004335400. ISBN 978-90-04-33539-4.
  141. ^ Salcman, M. (2016:90). A Prague Spring, Before & After. United States: Evening Street Press.
  142. ^ "September 8 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the people's poet of Dagestan Rasul Gamzatov". slavfond.eu.
  143. ^ "Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger | Danish Poet, Playwright & Novelist | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 16 January 2024.
  144. ^ "Hans Christian Andersen | His Life and Works".
  145. ^ Baunvig, Katrine Frøkjær; Nielbo, Kristoffer Laigaard (12 March 2023). Gilbert, Sofie; Rockenberger, Annika (eds.). "Benign Structures: 7th Conference Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries". Book of Abstracts: 9–11 – via Aarhus University.
  146. ^ Cadence. (1984:60). United States: B. Rusch.
  147. ^ Dović, Marijan (24 May 2017). "National Poets and Romantic (Be)Longing: An Introduction". Arcadia. 52 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1515/arcadia-2017-0001. S2CID 193047993.
  148. ^ "Wandering The Faroe Islands". 14 February 2021.
  149. ^ "Poetry by William Shakespeare".
  150. ^ SHARMA, KOMAL. "In An Honor To 'The Father of English Poetry' - Geoffrey Chaucer". reflections.live.
  151. ^ Michael Dobson (17 November 1994), The Making of the National Poet - Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660-1769, Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-818323-5
  152. ^ Lachman, G. (2013). The Caretakers of the Cosmos: Living Responsibly in an Unfinished World. United Kingdom: Floris Books.
  153. ^ "William Wordsworth, the worldly recluse | Digitens". www.digitens.org.
  154. ^ "Philip Larkin, racist, bigot and poet". Socialist Worker.
  155. ^ Vabar, Sven. "Lydia Koidula". sisu.ut.ee.
  156. ^ Weissmann Travel Planner for Western and Eastern Europe. (1994:59). United States: Weissmann Travel Reports.
  157. ^ "Kansallisrunoilija pelkäsi kansaa", Yleisradio (in Finnish), Helsinki, 2017, retrieved 7 February 2021
  158. ^ "kansallisrunoilija", Kielitoimiston sanakirja (in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus, 2020, retrieved 7 February 2021
  159. ^ "Elias Lonnrot | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
  160. ^ Linguist. (1962). United Kingdom: Linguists' Club..
  161. ^ Simpson, Harold L. (1967). "The Poetic Image of the Soldier from Baudelaire to the First World War". The South Central Bulletin. 27 (4): 23–33. doi:10.2307/3188918. JSTOR 3188918.
  162. ^ "Victor Hugo - French Poet, Novelist, Playwright | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 18 May 2024.
  163. ^ "Casa-Museo Rosalía de Castro | Rías Baixas, Spain | Attractions". Lonely Planet.
  164. ^ The Harp and the Constitution: Myths of Celtic and Gothic Origin. (2015). Netherlands: Brill.
  165. ^ "Two new fine editions of Georgia's national poet - European studies blog".
  166. ^ Elliott, Mark (2003). "Beyond Left and Right: The Poetic Reception of Stefan George and Rainer Maria Rilke, 1933-1945". The Modern Language Review. 98 (4): 908–928. doi:10.2307/3737933. JSTOR 3737933. S2CID 161795959.
  167. ^ "Poet in a landscape: the drawings of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - European studies blog".
  168. ^ Martin, Nicholas (2006). Schiller: National Poet – Poet of Nations. doi:10.1163/9789401202978. ISBN 978-94-012-0297-8.
  169. ^ "German Literature - Heine". sites.google.com.
  170. ^ Karamercan, Axel Onur (29 December 2022). "Heidegger on Hölderlin's Hymn Der Ister. The Dwelling of the Poet and the Place-Making of the River". Synthesis Philosophica. 37 (2): 395–414. doi:10.21464/sp37207.
  171. ^ Decker, G. (2018:157). Hesse: The Wanderer and His Shadow. United States: Harvard University Press.
  172. ^ "Homer - Encyclopedia". theodora.com.
  173. ^ Pindar: Victory Odes: Olympians 2, 7 and 11; Nemean 4; Isthmians 3, 4 and 7. (1995:109). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  174. ^ "Dionysios Solomos: The Greek Poet of Liberty - GreekReporter.com".
  175. ^ "Guernsey poet George Métivier is born". 29 January 1972.
  176. ^ Foundation, Tempus Public. "Sándor Petőfi, the revolutionary poet was born 200 years ago - Study In Hungary". studyinhungary.hu.
  177. ^ "János Arany".
  178. ^ "Biographical Sketch of Jónas Hallgrímsson (1)". digicoll.library.wisc.edu.
  179. ^ Þórðarson, Sigurður Árni (27 March 2020). "Hymns of the Passion – The Suffering King".
  180. ^ "Declan Kiberd: Irish writers were an early warning system about abuse". The Irish Times.
  181. ^ Nolan, Emer (15 October 2007). Catholic Emancipations: Irish Fiction from Thomas Moore to James Joyce. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815631750 – via Google Books.
  182. ^ Campbell, Matthew (2013). Irish Poetry under the Union, 1801–1924. p. 142. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107045330. ISBN 978-1-107-04533-0.
  183. ^ O'Rourke, Ciarán (10 October 2020). "Did Seamus Heaney write political poems?".
  184. ^ O’Shea, Edward J. (30 December 2022). Seamus Heaney's American Odyssey. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000816648 – via Google Books.
  185. ^ "Patrick Pearse | Biography & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  186. ^ https://manxnationalheritage.im/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/info-sheet-TE-Brown.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  187. ^ "Ovid - Encyclopedia". theodora.com.
  188. ^ "Giosuè Carducci | Nobel Prize, Italian Literature, Poet Laureate | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 20 February 2024.
  189. ^ "Dante Day: How Italy is celebrating its national poet".
  190. ^ "Virgil | Biography, Aeneid, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 19 February 2024.
  191. ^ "Horace | mike bygrave". www.mikebygrave.co.uk.
  192. ^ "Orphans of Petrarch". publishing.cdlib.org.
  193. ^ Hroch, M. (2015). European Nations: Explaining Their Formation. United Kingdom: Verso.
  194. ^ "Villa Ruhland | Gabriele D'Annunzio".
  195. ^ "SYMPOSIUM "WACE AND THE ANGLO-NORMAN LANGUAGE" (LE STYLE DE WACE): Le French Festival". Maison de la Normandie et de la Manche.
  196. ^ "The 80th anniversary of the poet Ali Podrimja/Parparim Kabo: Should it be passed in silence? He belongs to the Albanian nation... - Aktualitet".
  197. ^ "Rainis". Britannica Kids.
  198. ^ Dović, Marijan; Helgason, Jón Karl (2017). "Commemorative Cults of Poets and Writers: A Historical Perspective". National Poets, Cultural Saints: Canonization and Commemorative Cults of Writers in Europe. pp. 35–70. doi:10.1163/9789004335400_004. ISBN 978-90-04-33539-4.
  199. ^ "CorDon - About Donelaitis". titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de.
  200. ^ KučInskienė, Aistė (2021). "The Making of the Lithuanian National Poet: Maironis". Literary Canon Formation as Nation-Building in Central Europe and the Baltics. pp. 256–272. doi:10.1163/9789004457713_016. ISBN 978-90-04-45771-3.
  201. ^ Zilys, Arunas (12 March 1989). "1941-1952" – via Victoria & Albert Museum.
  202. ^ "Dicks (Edmond de la Fontaine) (1823-1891) – Luxembourg Music Publishers".
  203. ^ "Knowledge Bites: Michel Lentz - Luxembourg's 'National Poet'". today.rtl.lu.
  204. ^ "Biography: (Dun) Karm Psaila". Times of Malta. 18 October 2023.
  205. ^ "Diaspora commemorated the poet Grigore Vieru". e Moldova ta.
  206. ^ "Great national poet celebrated in Moldova at 167 years from birth". www.moldpres.md.
  207. ^ Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism. University of Prince Edward Island. 1991.
  208. ^ "Joost Van Den Vondel | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
  209. ^ "CATS, Jacob Alle de wercken. Amsterdam J.J. Schipper 166… | Drouot.com". drouot.com.
  210. ^ "Kosta Solev - Racin (1908-1943)". makedonija.name.
  211. ^ "Kosta Khetagurov | Ossete poet | Britannica". www.britannica.com.
  212. ^ Stjelja, Dr Ana (27 December 2022). Modern Talks on Poetry. Ukiyoto Publishing. ISBN 978-93-5770-311-6.
  213. ^ "Henrik Arnold Wergeland". Oxford Reference.
  214. ^ a b Griffiths, Gwyn. "Frédéric Mistral – poet and folk historian of Provence" – via www.academia.edu.
  215. ^ Universalis, Encyclopædia (19 January 1999). "Biographie d'ARNAUD ou ARNAUT DANIEL". Encyclopædia Universalis (in French). Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  216. ^ Ippolito, Marguerite-Marie (11 January 2003). Troubadour Limousin du XIIème siècle, prince de l'amour et de la poésie romane. Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 9782747500173.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  217. ^ a b "Épisode 8 : Béatrice de Die, la vengeresse". France Musique (in French). 18 June 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  218. ^ Giergielewicz, Mieczysław (1960). "KRASIŃSKI IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD (A Bibliographical Review)". The Polish Review. 5 (4): 68–102. JSTOR 25776332.
  219. ^ "Luis de Camoes | Biography & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 20 February 2024.
  220. ^ "Pessoa, Fernando (1888–1935) | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
  221. ^ Neghina, Raul; Neghina, Adriana M (March 2011). "Medical Controversies and Dilemmas in Discussions about the Illness and Death of Mihai Eminescu (1850–1889), Romania's National Poet". Medical Problems of Performing Artists. 26 (1): 44–50. doi:10.21091/mppa.2011.1007. PMID 21442137.
  222. ^ "Alexander Pushkin". Russian and East European Studies. 12 September 2017.
  223. ^ McVay, Gordon (1972). "Yesenin's Posthumous Fame, and the Fate of His Friends". The Modern Language Review. 67 (3): 590–602. doi:10.2307/3726127. JSTOR 3726127.
  224. ^ Porter, Richard N. (1969). "The Criteria of Turgenev's Literary Criticism". The Russian Review. 28 (4): 441–452. doi:10.2307/127163. JSTOR 127163.
  225. ^ "3 – Saami Origin". 3 February 2017.
  226. ^ MacDiarmid, H., MacGill-Eain, S. (2010:44). The Correspondence Between Hugh MacDiarmid and Sorley MacLean: An Annotated Edition. United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.
  227. ^ Foundation, Poetry (11 March 2024). "Robert Burns". Poetry Foundation.
  228. ^ Trencsenyi, Balazs; Kopecek, Michal (1 November 2006). National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements. Central European University Press. p. 431. ISBN 978-963-7326-60-8. Characteristically, although Njegoš saw himself as a definitely Serbian poet, his epic came to be later canonized as the most important work of 'Yugoslav' literature [...]
  229. ^ "Nazis killed 100 Serbs per dead German – DW – 10/21/2021". dw.com.
  230. ^ Berend, Ivan T. (June 2003). "Romanticism and Nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe". History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century. pp. 41–88. doi:10.1525/california/9780520232990.003.0003. ISBN 9780520932098.
  231. ^ Aleksov, Bojan (12 March 2009). "Jovan Jovanović Zmaj and the Serbian Identity between Poetry and History". We, the People : Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe. CEUP collection. Central European University Press. pp. 273–305. ISBN 978-615-5211-66-9 – via OpenEdition Books.
  232. ^ "Pavol Országh-Hviezdoslav – Writer(s) – Asymptote Blog".
  233. ^ "France Prešeren | Slovenia's National Poet | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 4 February 2024.
  234. ^ Commemorating Writers in Nineteenth-Century Europe: Nation-Building and Centenary Fever. (2014). United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
  235. ^ "The Forest Farm, by Peter Rosegger; A Project Gutenberg eBook". www.gutenberg.org.
  236. ^ "Carl Michael Bellman". Anglo-Swedish Society.
  237. ^ "An Evening with Gustaf Fröding". Anglo-Swedish Society.
  238. ^ "Verner von Heidenstam room". Archived from the original on 18 May 2022.
  239. ^ "Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe | Public Interface | Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe | Tegnér, Esaias". Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe.
  240. ^ "Hotel Felix Zürich – Wolfgang Beltracchi". Hotel Felix Zürich – Wolfgang Beltracchi.
  241. ^ "Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
  242. ^ "Tatar Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities". Ulastempat International. 23 January 2024.
  243. ^ "Museum of national poet Ravil Fayzullin opens in Tatarstan". World Congress of the Tatars.
  244. ^ "The Museum of poet Yarullin Fanis, Russia". pArtify.
  245. ^ Icon "Monument to Musa Jalil". {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  246. ^ "Mehmet Akif Ersoy: Poet of Turkish national anthem". www.aa.com.tr.
  247. ^ "Human Landscapes from My Country | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
  248. ^ "Articles & Essays | Taras Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko Museum - Toronto". shevchenko.ca.
  249. ^ "Ivan Franko". Ohio Outdoor Sculpture.
  250. ^ "Ukrainian Money & Polish Literature: Who Was Lesya Ukrainka?". Culture.pl.
  251. ^ Schwartz, Bernard (15 May 2017). "The Canonization of Dylan Thomas".
  252. ^ Thomas, Gwyn (12 March 2013). Dafydd ap Gwilym: y gŵr sydd yn ei gerddi. Cyhoeddiadau Barddas. ISBN 978-1-906396-57-2 – via Google Books.
  253. ^ "'A Towering Figure': Tribute to Kamau Brathwaite (1930-2020)".
  254. ^ "E.J. Pratt: Canada's National Poet · Dominion of the North: Literary & Print Culture in Canada". omeka.vicu.utoronto.ca.
  255. ^ "Purdy, Al". ABC BookWorld.
  256. ^ "Canadian Poetry Online | University of Toronto Libraries | Milton Acorn". canpoetry.library.utoronto.ca.
  257. ^ "Biographie / Hommage à Émile Nelligan, poète national des Québécois". Fondation littéraire Fleur de Lys. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  258. ^ "Gaston Miron, Poetic Voice of Quebec Nationalism". The New York Times. 2 April 1978. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  259. ^ Sabourin, Éric (18 October 2018). "Gilles Vigneault en récital : le poète qui dansait chante encore et conseille son public de vivre d'une confiante sérénité". Les ArtsZé (in French). Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  260. ^ "Crémazie, Octave National Historic Person". www.pc.gc.ca.
  261. ^ "Monument à Louis-Octave Crémazie". Art Public Montréal.
  262. ^ STAFF, TCRN (22 October 2020). "Renowned Tico Writer Aquileo J. Echeverría Zeledón".
  263. ^ "U.S. woman to translate and publish Costa Rica poetry". 26 April 2012.
  264. ^ "José Lezama Lima | Cuban author". Encyclopedia Britannica. 21 March 2024.
  265. ^ "Agustín Acosta papers, 1908-1998". researchworks.oclc.org. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  266. ^ Foundation, Poetry (25 December 2020). "Nicolás Guillén". Poetry Foundation.
  267. ^ Méndez-Méndez, Serafín; Cueto, Gail (30 July 2003). Notable Caribbeans and Caribbean Americans: A Biographical Dictionary. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-0-313-09320-3.
  268. ^ Carrillo, Karen Juanita (16 May 2024). "Cuban poet and critic Nancy Morejón visits New York City". New York Amsterdam News. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  269. ^ "Amsterdam streets named after Camille Baly, enslaved Quashiba". The Daily Herald. 3 August 2019.
  270. ^ "Pedro Mir, poetic voice of Dominican Republic". New Bedford Standard-Times.
  271. ^ Iffland, James. "Roque Dalton". ReVista.
  272. ^ "September 29, 1875". 29 September 2020.
  273. ^ Expression magazine (in French). 1988.
  274. ^ "Rafael Landival Monument in Antigua, Guatemala". GPSmyCity.
  275. ^ "Amy Lynelle | National Coalition of Independent Scholars - Academia.edu". ncis.academia.edu.
  276. ^ "Honduran poets | thelatinoauthor.com".
  277. ^ "Claude McKay". www.brinkerhoffpoetry.org.
  278. ^ Bate, J. (2013). The Genius of Shakespeare. United Kingdom: Pan Macmillan.
  279. ^ https://caribbean.britishcouncil.org/programmes/arts/momentum/johana-auguiac/scottish-travelogue [bare URL]
  280. ^ Pública, Agencia Digital de Innovación. "Casa del Poeta Ramon López Velarde: A Poet's House in Roma Norte".
  281. ^ Neville, Tim (27 November 2017). "The Inescapable Poet of Nicaragua". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  282. ^ Daniel Balderston, Mike (2004). Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900-2003. Routledge. p. 666. ISBN 0-415-30687-6.
  283. ^ "hackwriters.com - Ruben Dario, Nicaragua's poet of vision, the cultural invasion of Central America and remains of a Central American dreams of renewal, Roger Smith explores Leon". www.hackwriters.com.
  284. ^ "Overlooked No More: Julia de Burgos, a Poet Who Helped Shape Puerto Rico's Identity (Published 2018)". The New York Times. 3 May 2018 – via NYTimes.com.
  285. ^ Tió, Elsa (12 August 2020). "Nimia Vicéns: Corazón de la patria con semillas silvestres en sus versos" [Nimia Vicéns: Heart of the country with wild seeds in her verses]. El Adoquín Times (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  286. ^ Rojas, Enrique (2 February 2015). "Cuba y Puerto Rico tienen la presión" [Cuba and Puerto Rico Have the Pressure]. ESPN Deportes.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  287. ^ García, Marta Yazmín (7 November 2008). "Alabanza al poeta nacional" [Praise to the national poet]. University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  288. ^ Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi. Pittsburgh, 2020. ISBN 9780822946182
  289. ^ Cole, Teju (21 February 2014). "Poet of the Caribbean (Published 2014)". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
  290. ^ "Lasana M. Sekou - Paths of Love, Labour, Liberation". jamaica-gleaner.com. 30 December 2018.
  291. ^ "'National poet' of St. Maarten honoured with anniversary show". SXM Talks. The Daily Herald. 3 December 2018.
  292. ^ Ramcharitar, Raymond. "Poetry and nationalism". The Guardian: Trinidad and Tobago. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  293. ^ Nathanael O'Reilly, "Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of 'Leaves of Grass'", Irish Journal of American Studies.
  294. ^ O'Reilly, Nathanael (2009). "Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass". Irish Journal of American Studies. 1: 1–9. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  295. ^ Runcie, Charlotte (5 March 2017). "How did recluse Emily Dickinson become America's national poet?". The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  296. ^ "Celebrating Robert Frost: An American Poet". smithsonianassociates.org.
  297. ^ Williams, S. E. (8 March 2016). "Celebrating Maya Angelou in the Face of Conservative Criticism". Black Voice News.
  298. ^ Foundation, Poetry (25 December 2020). "Gwendolyn Brooks". Poetry Foundation.
  299. ^ Poets, Academy of American. "Our National Poets". Poets.org.
  300. ^ Cusic, D. (1991:82). The poet as performer. United Kingdom: University Press of America.
  301. ^ Staff Writers (1 September 2022). "From the Archives, 1922: Henry Lawson, Australia's poet of the bush, dies". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  302. ^ "Gordon's Poems".
  303. ^ ""Banjo" Patterson, Australian poet and author of "Waltzing Mathilda" is born in the New South Wales outback | House Divided". hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu.
  304. ^ https://ojs.victoria.ac.nz/kotare/article/download/700/511/606 [bare URL]
  305. ^ Hereniko, Vilsoni; Wilson, Rob (1999). Inside Out: Literature, Cultural Politics, and Identity in the New Pacific. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-9143-2.
  306. ^ James Woodall, Borges: A Life, Basic Books (1996). ISBN 0-465-04361-5. Relevant excerpt available on the New York Times web site, accessed 9 March 2007.
  307. ^ Bulletin of the Pan American Union. The Union. 1929.
  308. ^ "Antônio Gonçalves Dias | Romanticism, Indigenous Peoples, Lyrical Poetry | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 6 March 2024.
  309. ^ "Olavo Bilac: Biography and Poems | Brazilian Poetry". Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  310. ^ Gurría-Quintana, Ángel (13 November 2012). "What now for Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Brazil's national poet?". The Guardian.
  311. ^ "Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis". Afro-Rio Walking Tour.
  312. ^ "Gabriela Mistral". National Women's History Museum.
  313. ^ "-Pablo Neruda · 40. Whitman @ 200 · Lehigh Library Exhibits". Library & Technology Services @ Lehigh University.
  314. ^ Ospino, Luis (22 September 2023). "Rafael Pombo: The Immortal Poet of Colombian Children's Literature". Colombia One: News from Colombia and the World.
  315. ^ "David Francis, Residential College Dean - Grace Hopper College | Ethnicity, Race, and Migration". erm.yale.edu.
  316. ^ Henderson, Peter V. N. (15 September 2009). Gabriel García Moreno and Conservative State Formation in the Andes. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-77941-9.
  317. ^ "Remigio Crespo Toral - Ecuadorian Literature". 28 October 2020.
  318. ^ "GtR". gtr.ukri.org.
  319. ^ "He Died in Paris After All". 25 February 2014.
  320. ^ "Seen: Trefossa, by Ida Does".
  321. ^ "Juan Zorrilla de San Martín". Discography of American Historical Recordings.
  322. ^ "The Day the Prisoners Are Freed in Venezuela / 14ymedio, Carlos Alberto Montaner". Translating Cuba. 10 January 2016.

Further reading

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_poet&oldid=1257495822"