Montreuil-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tʁœj syʁ mɛʁ] ; Picard: Montreu-su-Mér or Montreul-su-Mér; Dutch: Monsterole), Montreuil-on-the-Sea, is a subprefecture in the Pas-de-Calais Department in northern France.[3] Though commonly called by this name since at least the twelfth century, it was legally known as Montreuil until 31 December 2022.[4][5] It is located on the Canche river, not far from Étaples. The sea, however, is now some distance away. Montreuil-sur-Mer station has rail connections to Arras and Étaples.
Montreuil-sur-Mer
Montreu(l)-su-Mér (Picard) | |
|---|---|
Subprefecture and commune | |
 The town hall of Montreuil-Sur-Mer | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Montreuil-sur-Mer  | |
  Montreuil-sur-Mer  Montreuil-sur-Mer | |
| Coordinates: 50°27′53″N 1°45′47″E / 50.4648°N 1.763°E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Pas-de-Calais |
| Arrondissement | Montreuil |
| Canton | Berck |
| Intercommunality | CA Deux Baies en Montreuillois |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Pierre Ducrocq[1] |
Area 1 | 2.85 km2 (1.10 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[2] | 1,893 |
| • Density | 660/km2 (1,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 62588 /62170 |
| Elevation | 2–43 m (6.6–141.1 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
History
editMontreuil-sur-Mer is surrounded by notable brickwork ramparts, constructed after the destruction of the town by troops of Habsburg emperor Charles V in June 1537.[6] These fortifications pre-date the extensive fortification of towns in northern France by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban in the 17th century.
Montreuil-sur-Mer was the headquarters of the British Army in France during the First World War from March 1916 until it closed in April 1919. The military academy[where?] there provided excellent facilities for GHQ.
Montreuil-sur-Mer was chosen as GHQ for a wide variety of reasons. It was on a main road from London to Paris—the two chief centres of the campaign—though not on a main railway line, which would have been an inconvenience. It was not an industrial town and so avoided the complications alike of noise and of a possibly troublesome civil population. It was from a telephone and motor transit point of view in a very central situation to serve the needs of a Force which was based on Dunkirk, Calais, Boulogne, Dieppe, and Le Havre, and had its front stretching from the River Somme to beyond the Belgian frontier.[7]
Haig staff member Sir Frank Fox OBE wrote a critically acclaimed contemporary account of the headquarters in 1916, originally published under the pseudonym "GSO", called G.H.Q. (Montreuil-sur-Mer) His work in the QMG's Directorate in the final offensive against the German Army resulted in his being awarded the OBE (Military) He was also Mentioned in Despatches.
General Haig was quartered in the nearby Château de Beaurepaire, two miles (3.2 kilometres) southeast of the town on the D138. There is a plaque on the château wall to commemorate this.
King George V, accompanied by Haig, made a triumphant passage through Montreuil-sur-Mer on his way to Paris on 27 November 1918.[8]
A statue of Haig on horseback, commemorating his stay, can be seen outside the theatre on the Place Charles de Gaulle.[9] During the German occupation of the town during the Second World War, the statue was taken down. It was never found and is thought to have been melted down. It was rebuilt in the 1950s, using the sculptor's original mould.
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1968 | 2,944 | — |
| 1975 | 2,840 | −0.51% |
| 1982 | 2,753 | −0.44% |
| 1990 | 2,450 | −1.45% |
| 1999 | 2,428 | −0.10% |
| 2007 | 2,316 | −0.59% |
| 2012 | 2,191 | −1.10% |
| 2017 | 2,014 | −1.67% |
| Source: INSEE[10] | ||
Literature
editLaurence Sterne visited the town in 1765. He recounted his visit through the eyes of the narrator of his novel A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy (1768).
In Victor Hugo's novel Les Misérables (1862), Montreuil-sur-Mer is the setting for much of volume I, "Fantine," being the hometown of the eponymous heroine. In early English-language editions, the town is identified only as M____-sur-M__,[11] and the name is changed entirely in some film adaptations. E.g., the 1998 film directed by Bille August calls it "Vigaud," a pun on Victor Hugo. However, the English-language version of the popular Schönberg-Boublil musical, and all screen adaptations thereof, restore the full name in the on-screen title cards, although it is never spoken in the libretto.
International relations
editGallery
edit-
Church, Montreuil-sur-Mer -
Walls of Montreuil-sur-Mer -
Ramparts -
Chapelle Sainte-Austreberthe -
A street in Montreuil-sur-Mer -
Église abbatiale Saint-Saulve
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
- ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ INSEE commune file
- ^ Le Bourdellès, Hubert (October–December 1981). "Les problèmes linguistiques de Montreuil-sur-Mer : les origines de la ville à travers ses noms successifs". Revue du Nord. 63 (251): 960. doi:10.3406/rnord.1981.3832.
- ^ "Décret n° 2022-1225 du 12 septembre 2022 portant changement du nom de communes". Légifrance (in French). 12 September 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- ^ "Histoire | Montreuil-sur-Mer".
- ^ Fox, Sir Frank (1920). G.H.Q. (Montreuil-sur-Mer). Beaumont Fox 2nd edition 2015. p. 20.
- ^ "MONTREUIL-SUR-MER: BRITISH GHQ ON THE WESTERN FRONT". remembrancetrails.
- ^ "Statue équestre du Field Marshal Douglas Haig - Montreuil-sur-Mer".
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
- ^ Edward Behr, The Complete Book of Les Misérables (Arcade, 1993), 29
- ^ "British towns twinned with French towns". Archant Community Media Ltd. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
External links
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