Joseph Spencer (October 3, 1714 – January 13, 1789) was an American lawyer, soldier, and statesman from Connecticut. During the Revolutionary War, he served both as a delegate to the Continental Congress and as a major general in the Continental Army.[1]
Joseph Spencer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Member of the Connecticut Council | |
| In office 1780–1789 | |
| In office 1776–1776 | |
| Member of the Continental Congress | |
| In office 1779–1779 | |
| Preceded by | Oliver Wolcott |
| Succeeded by | Oliver Wolcott |
| Personal details | |
| Born | October 3, 1714 East Haddam, Connecticut, British America |
| Died | January 13, 1789 (aged 74) East Haddam, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Spouses | Martha Brainerd
(m. 1738; died 1754)Hannah Brown Southmaid
(m. 1756) |
| Children | 13 |
| Parents |
|
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | |
| Branch/service | |
| Years of service |
|
| Rank | Major general |
| Unit | 12th Connecticut Militia 2nd Connecticut Regiment |
| Battles/wars | |
Early life
editSpencer was born in East Haddam, Connecticut Colony. Spencer was the son of Isaac and Mary (née Selden) Spencer.[2] He was the great-grandson of Gerard and Hannah Spencer, who were part of the first settlers of East Haddam in 1662.[1]
Career
editHe was trained as a lawyer and practiced until 1753, when he became a judge. He was active in the militia, serving in King George's War and as a Lieutenant Colonel of the Middlesex militia in the French and Indian War.[3]
By the time the American Revolution began, Spencer had advanced to Brigadier General of Connecticut’s militia, and in April 1775 he led them to support the Siege of Boston as the 2nd Connecticut Regiment. In June, when these units were adopted into the national army, he was made a brigadier general in the Continental Army; he was amongst the first eight Continental Army brigadier generals so appointed.[3]
In 1776, Spencer was promoted to major general in support of William Heath in the Eastern Department.[4] The following year his military career became difficult. He cancelled a planned attack on British forces in Rhode Island and was censured by the Continental Congress. He demanded a court of inquiry and was exonerated, but when the controversy was resolved, he resigned his commission on January 14, 1778.[5]
Spencer first served on the Connecticut Council (or Connecticut State Senate) in 1776. Free of military responsibility, the state sent him as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1779. In 1780, he was returned to the council, and served there until his death.[3] From 1784 until his death, he was also a judge of the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors.[6] After the Revolutionary War he became eligible for membership in the Society of the Cincinnati of the State of Connecticut.[7][8]
Personal life
editAugust 2, 1738, Joseph Spencer married Martha Brainerd (1716–1754), with whom he had five children.[9]
- Martha Spencer (1739–1739/40), who died young.[9]
- Martha Spencer (c. 1740), who married Joseph Cone, Jr. (born 1735).[9]
- Anne Spencer (born 1746).[9]
- Joseph Spencer, Jr. (1750–1824),[2] who became a surgeon and served as an aid to his father during the Revolution.[1]
- Nehemiah Spencer (born 1752)
After his first wife's death in 1754, he married Hannah (née Brown) Southmaid (1730–1808), with whom he had eight more children, including:[1][9]
- Isaac Spencer (born 1759), who served as Connecticut State Treasurer from 1818 to 1835.[9]
- Jared Spencer (1762–1820), a twin who was a Yale graduate and an attorney who married Ann Green (1768–1855) in 1789.[9]
- Mary Spencer (born 1762), a twin who married Turner Miner.[9]
- Seth Spencer (born 1765)[9]
- Hannah Spencer (1767–1843), who married Rev. Ichabod Lord Skinner (1767–1852)[10][11]
- Betty Spencer (born 1770), who married Selden Warner.[9]
- Nehemiah Spencer (1772–1839), who married Betsey Swan (died 1853)[12]
Spencer died on January 13, 1789, in East Haddam and was buried in Millington Cemetery west of the Millington Green section of East Haddam near where he lived. Later he and his wife were re-interred at the Nathan Hale Park of East Haddam and a monument was erected in his honor.[3]
Descendants
editHis granddaughter through his son Joseph, Elizabeth Spencer, was married to General Lewis Cass (1782–1866), who also served as governor of the Michigan Territory, a United States senator from the state of Michigan, and as secretary of state under President James Buchanan.[9]
Major General Robert Ernest Noble was Spencer's great-great-great-grandson and became a member of the Society of the Cincinnati.[13]
References
edit- Notes
- ^ a b c d Whittelsey, Charles Barney. "Historical Sketch of Joseph Spencer - Sons of the American Revolution, Connecticut". www.connecticutsar.org. Historian Society of the Sons of the Revolution in the State of Connecticut. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b Daughters of the American Revolution (1897). Lineage Book - National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Daughters of the American Revolution. p. 227. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ a b c d "SPENCER, Joseph - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ "To George Washington from Major General Joseph Spencer, 11 July 1777". founders.archives.gov. Founders Online. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ "HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JOSEPH SPENCER | Connecticut Sons of the American Revolution".
- ^ Day, Thomas (1809). Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Errors, of the State of Connecticut, in the years 1805, 1806, and 1807. Vol. 2. p. xii-xiii.
- ^ Metcalf, Bryce (1938). Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the Society of the Cincinnati, 1783-1938: With the Institution, Rules of Admission, and Lists of the Officers of the General and State Societies. Strasburg, Va.: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc. p. 293.
- ^ "Officers Represented in the Society of the Cincinnati". The American Revolution Institute of the Society of the Cincinnati. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Niles, Hosford Buel (1887). The Old Chimney Stacks of East Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut. Lowe & Company, Book and Job Printers. p. 125. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ Fernald, Natalie R. (May 1904). The Genealogical Exchange, Volumes 1–7. p. 26. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ Loomis, Elias (1880). The Descendants (by the Female Branches) of Joseph Loomis: Who Came from Braintree, England, in the Year 1638, and Settled in Windsor, Connecticut in 1639. Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor. p. 121. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ Bailey, Frederic William (1896). Early Connecticut Marriages as Found on Ancient Church Records Prior to 1800. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 85. ISBN 9780806300078. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ Roster of the Society of the Cincinnati. Washington, DC: Society of the Cincinnati. 1959. p. 90 – via Google Books.
- Sources
- United States Congress. "Joseph Spencer". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- "The Continental Army Bibliography: Additional Regiments". United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 2010-06-08. - bibliography of Spencer's Regiment in the Revolutionary Army
External links
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