Tabas (Persian: طبس)[a] is a city in the Central District of Tabas County, South Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]
Tabas
Persian: طبس | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Hosein Ibn Mosa Alkazem's Shrine in Tabas | |
  Tabas | |
| Coordinates: 33°35′46″N 56°55′41″E / 33.59611°N 56.92806°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | South Khorasan |
| County | Tabas |
| District | Central |
| Highest elevation | 730 m (2,400 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 660 m (2,170 ft) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 39,676 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
History
editEarly history
editThe history of Tabas dates back to pre-Islamic times. It was an important outpost of the Sassanid empire.
Due to its strategic location at the edge of the Great Salt Desert, and at the confluence of many roads, the geographer al-Baladhuri called the city "the Gate of Khurasan".[5] In the early Islamic period it was known as Tabas al-Tamr (lit. 'Tabas of the Dates') due to a large forest of date palms that grew there, and later as Tabas Gilaki after a famous governor of the city, Abu'l-Hasan ibn Muhammad Gilaki, who in the mid-11th century had pacified the region.[5] Along with the town of Tabas-e Masina further east, it gave its name to the local district, Tabasayn.[5] In the 10th–11th centuries, the town is described as well fortified, with several villages around. Medieval and geographers note that it was amply supplied with water due to underground wells; the town even featured hot baths, and extensive lemon and orange plantations.[5] In the late 11th century, it became part of the Nizari Ismaili state, and was besieged by the Seljuk Turks under Ahmad Sanjar in 1102.[5]
Tabas was spared when the Mongols attacked Iran. It had a local government incorporating not only Tabas but also Ferdows and Gonabad. After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, it as under the control of the Zangu'i Arabs as an independent state which included nearby Tun.[6][7] For a time they even kidnapped Nader Mirza Afshar and placed the Kurds of Khabushan in control of Mashhad.
Earthquake of 1978
editIn 1978, the 7.4 Mw Tabas earthquake affected the city with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). At least 15,000 people were killed. Since then, the city has been rebuilt with many new streets, parks and public buildings.
Operation Eagle Claw
editThe failed rescue American operation Operation Eagle Claw on 24–25 April 1980 to free American hostages in Tehran occurred near Tabas in Tabas Country about 127km southwest of Tabas town by the road to Yazd location (33.07020674739667;55.89196171977231).[8] In Iran, the operation is called amaliat tabas (Tabas operation), and the significance and aftermath of the failed operation made the city Tabas known in almost every corner of Iran.[9] The Tabas air defense system is accordingly named so.
Administrative changes
editAt first, Tabas County was part of Khorasan province. It became a part of Yazd province in 2001,[10] joining South Khorasan province in 2013.[11]
Demographics
editLanguage
editThe people of Tabas speak a Khorasani accent of Persian that sounds somewhat different from the standard Iranian version ("Tehrani accent").[citation needed]
Population
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 30,681 in 7,962 households, when it was in Yazd province.[12] The following census in 2011 counted 35,150 people in 9,903 households.[13] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 39,676 people in 11,876 households,[2] by which time the county had been separated from the province to join South Khorasan province.[11]
Geography
editLocation
editTabas is in central Iran, 950 kilometers southeast of Tehran, in South Khorasan Province.[citation needed]
It is a desert city with many date and citrus trees. It has a 300-year-old public garden (Bagh-e-Golshan).[14] There is also a shrine in Tabas that is visited every year by thousands of pilgrims. Tabas has two universities with 2,500 to 3,500 students.[15] The city has hot summers, and people rarely see a winter snowfall.
Climate
editTabas has a hot desert climate (Köppen BWh).
| Climate data for Tabas | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
29.4 (84.9) |
35.3 (95.5) |
40.7 (105.3) |
42.2 (108.0) |
40.5 (104.9) |
37.1 (98.8) |
30.6 (87.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
29.0 (84.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) |
10.9 (51.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
28.1 (82.6) |
33.0 (91.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.0 (91.4) |
28.8 (83.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
15.4 (59.7) |
9.4 (48.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
27.7 (81.9) |
25.4 (77.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.3 (37.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.0 (0.63) |
14.2 (0.56) |
16.8 (0.66) |
12.6 (0.50) |
4.1 (0.16) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.4 (0.06) |
3.9 (0.15) |
12.9 (0.51) |
82.2 (3.24) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 11 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 57 | 48 | 39 | 33 | 26 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 28 | 39 | 52 | 33 |
| Source: https://irimo.ir | |||||||||||||
Economy
editAgricultural products
editThe agricultural products of this desert city are very significant. Products such as: oranges, pistachios, dates, persimmons, summer fruits and daffodils; Also, tea bread, chickpea bread, and jams that are prepared from agricultural products, such as: spring orange jam, balang jam, orange peel jam, and Tabas mountain and local liqueurs.[16]
Mines
editTabas has some of the richest coal mines of Iran.[17]
The 2024 Tabas coal mine explosion in the Tabas Parvadeh 5 Mine claimed at least 51 lives.
Transportation
editMultiple bus lines, a railroad station and an airport connect Tabas to Mashhad, Yazd, Tehran, Kerman and Birjand (the capital city of South Khorasan province).
Notable people
edit- Abbas Vaez-Tabasi, born 25 June 1935 in Tabas; Grand Imam and Chairman of the Astan Quds Razavi board
- Massoud Rajavi, born 18 August 1948 in Tabas; one of the two leaders of the People's Mujahedin of Iran
Gallery
edit-
-
-
Golshan Garden
See also
edit
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (12 November 2024). "Tabas, Tabas County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 12 November 2024.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): South Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Tabas can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3086556" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2015) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 3223.1.5.53; Approval Letter 3808-907; Notification 84902/T125K. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
- ^ a b c d e Le Strange, Guy (1905). The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. pp. 359–361. OCLC 1044046.
- ^ Malcolm, Sir John (1829). The History of Persia: From the Most Early Period to the Present Time. Murray.
- ^ Noelle-Karimi, Christine (2014). The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th Centuries). Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. ISBN 978-3-7001-7202-4.
- ^ "Operation Eagle Claw", Encyclopedia of Terrorism, 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2003, doi:10.4135/9781412952590.n324, ISBN 9780761924081, retrieved 27 June 2023
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ fa:عملیات طبس
- ^ Adel, Gholam Ali Haddad (c. 2020) [Approved 3 September 1383]. The law of division of Khorasan province into three provinces. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Islamic Council. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ a b Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (19 December 2013) [Approved 24 October 2013]. Approval letter regarding the abstraction of Tabas County from Yazd province and its annexation to South Khorasan province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 19089/42/1/19089; Notification 252554/T46736H. Archived from the original on 29 May 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2023 – via Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of the Farabi Library of Mobile Users.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Yazd Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Yazd Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ Samira (18 January 2019). "Bagh-e-Golshan". Iran Asia. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ "Islamic Azad University Tabas - | Admission | Tuition | University". www.unipage.net. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Group, Baniboom. "Tabas - Tabas City Ecotourist and Tourist and Sights list". Baniboom. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "Visit Tabas Tourist Attractions, Historical & Natural | Destination Iran". www.destinationiran.com. 5 April 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2022.