Sogamoso (Spanish pronunciation: [soɣaˈmoso]) is a city in the department of Boyacá of Colombia. It is the capital of the Sugamuxi Province, named after the original Sugamuxi. Sogamoso is nicknamed "City of the Sun", based on the original Muisca tradition of pilgrimage and adoring their Sun god Sué at the Sun Temple. The city is located at an altitude of 2,569 metres (8,428 ft) on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes.
Sogamoso, Colombia | |
|---|---|
Municipality and city | |
 Aerial view of Sogamoso in the Iraca Valley | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname: "City of the Sun" | |
 Location of the city and municipality of Sogamoso in the Boyaca Department | |
  Sogamoso, Colombia Location in Colombia | |
| Coordinates: 5°43′0″N 72°55′15″W / 5.71667°N 72.92083°W | |
| Country |  Colombia |
| Department | Boyacá |
| Province | Sugamuxi Province |
| Founded | 6 September 1810 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Rigoberto Alfonso Pérez (2020–2023) |
| Area | |
• Municipality and city | 208.3 km2 (80.4 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 20.87 km2 (8.06 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 2,569 m (8,428 ft) |
| Population (2020 est.)[1] | |
• Municipality and city | 131,105 |
| • Density | 630/km2 (1,600/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 116,031 |
| • Urban density | 5,600/km2 (14,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Sogamoseño/a |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time) |
| Postal code | 152210-19 |
| Area code | +8 |
| Website | Official website |
Etymology
editSogamoso is named after Sugamuxi or Suamox, the original name in Chibcha for the city and Sugamuxi, the last iraca of the sacred City of the Sun. Suamuxi means "Dwelling of the Sun".[2] Knowledge about Sugamuxi has been provided by Pedro Simón and the German countess Gertrud von Podewils Dürniz, in her work Chigys Mie.
Geographical limits
editSogamoso limits with the following municipalities:[3]
Climate
editSogamoso has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen: Cfb)[4] with mild days and cool nights.
| Climate data for Sogamoso (Alberto Lleras Camargo Airport), elevation 2,500 m (8,200 ft), (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.7 (72.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.4 (68.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.4 (70.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.2 (57.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.1 (57.4) |
14.2 (57.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
4.3 (39.7) |
5.9 (42.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
7.6 (45.7) |
6.7 (44.1) |
5.9 (42.6) |
5.9 (42.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 20.5 (0.81) |
28.5 (1.12) |
63.4 (2.50) |
105.4 (4.15) |
99.3 (3.91) |
56.5 (2.22) |
51.5 (2.03) |
45.2 (1.78) |
60.0 (2.36) |
100.8 (3.97) |
85.9 (3.38) |
26.4 (1.04) |
743.4 (29.27) |
| Average precipitation days | 5 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 17 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 14 | 8 | 152 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72 | 72 | 74 | 77 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 74 | 76 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 235.6 | 189.1 | 176.7 | 132.0 | 127.1 | 138.0 | 151.9 | 142.6 | 141.0 | 142.6 | 165.0 | 204.6 | 1,946.2 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.6 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 5.3 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales[5] | |||||||||||||
History
editBefore the Spanish conquest, Suamox, as it was called, was ruled by the iraca of which the last ruler was called Sugamuxi. The city was a place of pilgrimage and the iraca was both priest and ruler housed in the Sun Temple, a richly ornamented temple honouring Sué, the Sun god in the Muisca religion.
Conquest and New Kingdom of Granada
editGonzalo Jiménez de Quesada was the conquistador of the Muisca Confederation, arriving in Suamox territories (Iraca Valley) in September 1537. Soldiers of De Quesada -according to Spanish chroniclers accidentally- set the Sun Temple on fire. Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita narrates about the march of De Quesada to Suamox, the looting of the city and the fire of the temple of the Sun.[6]
Soon after the conquest, the missionaries began the construction of a chapel that would open the way to the first Catholic church of the time, located on the central square.
Natural scientist Alexander von Humboldt who visited the New Kingdom of Granada at the beginning of the 19th century, wrote about Sogamoso in his chronicles.
Suamox in Muisca history
edit| History of the Muisca | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
.png) Altiplano |
 Muisca |
 Art |
 Architecture |
 Astronomy |
 Cuisine |
 El Dorado |
 Subsistence |
 Women |
 Conquest |
Administrative division
editAccording to the political Map – administrative Number 41ª, del Plan of Territorial Classification 1999–2010, in February of the year 2000, the city was conformed by 18 veredas:[7]
Neighbourhoods
editSogamoso is composed of 70 neighbourhoods.[8]
l. Alamos del sur 2. Álvaro González Santana 3. Angelmar 4. Benjamín Herrera 5. Campoamor 6. Centro
7. Chapinero 8. Chicamocha 9. Colombia 10. El Cortez 11. El Diamante 12. El Durazno
13. El Jardín 14. El Laguito 15. El Nogal 16. El Oriente 17. El Prado 18. El Recreo
19. El Rosario 20. El Sol 21. El Carmen 22. Gustavo Jiménez Jiménez 23. Jorge Eliécer Gaitán 24. José Antonio Galán
25. Juan José Rondón 26. La Castellana 27. La Esmeralda 28. La Florida 29. La Isla 30. La Pradera
31. La Villita 32. Las Acacias 33. Las Américas 34. Los Alisos 35. Los Alpes 36. Los Arrayanes
37. Los Libertadores 38. Los Rosales 39. Los Sauces 40. Lunapark 41. Magdalena 42. Monquirá
43. Enrique Olaya Herrera 44. Prado Norte 45. Rafael Uribe Uribe 46. San Andresito 47. San Cristóbal 48. San Martín
49. San Martín – Centro 50. Santa Ana – Mochacá 51. Santa Bárbara 52. Santa Catalina 53. Santa Helena 54. Santa Inés
55. San Rafael 56. Santa Isabel 57. Santa Marta 58. Siete de Agosto 59. Simón Bolívar 60. Sucre
61. Sugamuxi 62. Universitario 63. Rafael Valdés Tavera 64. Veinte de Julio 65. Venecia 66. Villa Blanca
67. Villa del Sol 68. Asodea 69. Villa del Lago 70. Valdez Tavera
Economy
editThe economy of Sogamoso is centered around agriculture, trade, the steel industry and construction materials, and in the exploitation of limestones, marble and coal.[3]
During the years 2007 and 2008, the city had a quick development in urban construction.
Transportation
editSogamoso is served by Alberto Lleras Camargo Airport. Aerocivil lifted the restriction of air operations in September 2009.
Due to the increase of economic relationships with Bogotá and the rest of the region, the government realised the need to build a highway.
Education
editAs of 2016, Sogamoso has seven universities:
- Sogamoso Faculty of Pedagogical and Technological University Of Colombia, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)
- Open National University at Distance
- University Corporation Remington
- Polytechnic Grancolombiano
- University of Pamplona
- Superior school of Public Administration E.S.A.P.
- Sogamoso Faculty of the University of Boyacá
Culture
editSites of interest
editThe city hosts historical places as:
- Archaeology Museum Sogamoso, with a reconstruction of the Sun Temple
- Central park
- 6 September square
- The Pile-Mochacá, from the ancient city "the old Sogamoso"
- Morca, where the Virgin Of Morca is venerated
- Nearby Lake Tota, largest lake of Colombia and sacred site of the Muisca
Festivals and celebrations
edit- September 6: Anniversary of the city
- July: Festivities of the Sun and of the Steel
- Huán Festival, recreation of the indigenous ceremony of the adoration of the Sun
- September: International Festival of The Culture
- October: Festival of the corn
- October: Festival of the mud
Radio stations of Sogamoso
edit- Rumba Stereo 106.1 FM
- Tropicana Stereo 107.3 FM
- Sun Stereo 99.1 FM
- RCN Basic Radio 1200 AM
- Caracol Radio 1090 AM
- RCN Antenna 2 1440 AM
- 96.1 FM
Notable people
edit- Lorenzo Alcantuz, chemical engineer
- Fabián Ángel, professional footballer
- Elkin Barrera, former professional cyclist
- Henry Cárdenas, former professional cyclist
- Edgar Corredor, former professional cyclist
- Camilo Gómez, professional cyclist
- Chepe González, former professional cyclist
- Luis Alfredo López, former professional cyclist
- Fabio Parra, former professional cyclist
- Humberto Parra, former professional cyclist
- Iván Parra, former professional cyclist
- Alfonso Patiño Rosselli, Colombian diplomat
- Álvaro Sierra, former professional cyclist
- Íkaro Valderrama, Latin-Siberian folk musician
Gallery
edit-
Central square -
Central square -
Monument to the Sun on the central square -
Monument to the Sun and cathedral -
Cathedral by night
-
Church in the vereda Morcá -
Bull fighting arena -
Theatre -
Reconstruction of Muisca houses in the Archaeology Museum -
Reconstruction of the Sun Temple
.jpg)
References
edit- ^ Citypopulation.de Population of Sogamoso municipality
- ^ (in Spanish) Etymology Sogamoso. Excelsio.net.
- ^ a b (in Spanish) Official website Sogamoso
- ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data. 23 October 2023.
- ^ "Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Fernández de Piedrahita, Lucas. "General History of the Conquests of the New Kingdom of Granada". Retrieved August 31, 2009.
- ^ Veredas and neighbourhoods
- ^ Map of the neighbourhoods
Further reading
edit- Camargo Pérez, Gabriel (1961). Del barro al acero. En la Roma de los chibchas. Evolución socio-histórica de un pueblo colombiano [From Mud to Steel in the Rome of the Chibchas: The Socio-historical Evolution of a Colombian Town] (in Spanish). Tunja. OCLC 6388737.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Camargo Pérez, Gabriel (26 July 1936). "La Villa de Leiva estuvo a punto de nacer gemela: Una leyenda Histórica" [Villa de Leyva was about to be born twice: An historical legend]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Vol. XXVI, no. 8918. pp. 2, 8.
- Camargo Pérez, Gabriel (1932). Geografía histórica de Sogamoso [Historical Geography of Sogamoso] (in Spanish). Sugamuxi. OCLC 778210319.
- N., N. (1955). Huellas de Sogamoso. Guía histórica y geográfica [Prints of Sogamoso. Historical and geographical guide].
External links
edit
- (in Spanish) General information on Sogamoso