Ramhormoz (Persian: رامهرمز)[a] is a city in the Central District of Ramhormoz County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4] In ancient times it had been known as Samangan, having been established by the Sasanian emperor Hormizd I,[5] although an Elamite tomb has been found as well. The historical territory of Ramshir is in this area, only 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from the city.
Ramhormoz
Persian: رامهرمز | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Main building of Samimi Mansion | |
  Ramhormoz  Ramhormoz | |
| Coordinates: 31°16′31″N 49°36′16″E / 31.27528°N 49.60444°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Khuzestan |
| County | Ramhormoz |
| District | Central |
| Area | |
• Total | 49.49 km2 (19.11 sq mi) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 74,285 |
| • Density | 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
History
editAccording to a hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari, Ramhormoz is the ancestral home of Salman the Persian, a companion of the Prophet.[6][7][8]
The proper history of the city begins in the Sasanian era, although there have been Elamite remains found in and around the city as well. The tomb of the Sasanian founder of the city, Hormizd I, is commonly thought to be situated within the city. "With the gradual Muslim conquest of Khuzestan in the 7th century, Rāmhormoz was the scene of a peace agreement between the local Sasanian satrap, Hormozān, and the commander of the Muslim army.".[9]
During the Islamic times, it was remarked by Muslim geographers that the city contained a library comparable only to the one in Basra in the wealth of its collection, and that silk was produced in the city and distributed to distant lands.[10][11] The city enjoyed incredible opulence before entering a state of decline.
Ramhormoz was the location in which Elamite was last reported to be spoken. This report was written circa 988 AD by Al-Muqaddasi, characterizing the local Khuzi people as bilingual in Arabic and Persian but also speaking an "incomprehensible" language. The town had recently become prosperous again after the foundation of a market. As it received an influx of foreigners and being a "Khuzi" was stigmatized at the time, the language probably died out in the 11th century.[12]
The 14th-century Muslim Laguatan traveler and explorer ibn Battuta visited the city during his travels and described the city as "a fine city with fruit-trees and rivers."[13]
From late Safavid until Qajar Iran, the allegiance of the city frequently shifted between Khuzestan and Fars Province. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Lurs and Arabs started to settle within and around the city from nearby lands.[14]
Demographics
editLanguage
editThe language of the people of Ramhormoz (which is also called Rumezi) is a Khuzestani Persian dialect.[15][16][17]
Population
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 49,822 in 10,966 households.[18] The following census in 2011 counted 69,869 people in 17,046 households.[19] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 74,285 people in 20,127 households.[2]
Climate
editRamhormoz has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh).
| Climate data for Ramhormoz (1987–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) |
31.0 (87.8) |
37.4 (99.3) |
43.2 (109.8) |
47.8 (118.0) |
50.6 (123.1) |
51.6 (124.9) |
51.4 (124.5) |
48.6 (119.5) |
43.0 (109.4) |
35.8 (96.4) |
31.0 (87.8) |
51.6 (124.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.2 (77.4) |
32.1 (89.8) |
39.7 (103.5) |
44.5 (112.1) |
46.0 (114.8) |
45.8 (114.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
35.9 (96.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
32.9 (91.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
25.4 (77.7) |
32.2 (90.0) |
36.3 (97.3) |
38.2 (100.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
34.2 (93.6) |
28.9 (84.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
26.3 (79.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.3 (48.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
26.3 (79.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
14.7 (58.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.8 (30.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.6 (45.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
12.4 (54.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 77.1 (3.04) |
42.5 (1.67) |
43.2 (1.70) |
19.7 (0.78) |
1.9 (0.07) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.9 (0.04) |
8.0 (0.31) |
29.0 (1.14) |
87.5 (3.44) |
310.2 (12.21) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.0 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 5.7 | 29.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 69 | 58 | 48 | 37 | 21 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 28 | 45 | 65 | 37 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 175.5 | 195.1 | 229.8 | 233.4 | 290.6 | 339.6 | 336.1 | 339.8 | 309.8 | 272.3 | 214.7 | 178.3 | 3,115 |
| Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),[20] (temperatures),[21] (precipitation),[22] (humidity),[23] (days with precipitation),[24]
(sunshine)[25] | |||||||||||||
See also
edit- Tashkooh mountain
- Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Khallād al-Rāmahurmuzī—an early Islamic scholar and hadith specialist
Media related to Ramhormoz at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (2 April 2024). "Ramhormoz, Ramhormoz County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from the original (Excel) on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Ramhormoz can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3080776" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Habibi, Hassan. "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ The History of Al-Tabari: The Sasanids, the Lakhmids, and Yemen. SUNY Press. 1999. p. 43. ISBN 9780791443569.
- ^ Milad Milani (2014). Sufism in the Secret History of Persia. Routledge. p. 180. ISBN 9781317544593.
In one particular hadith, Salman mentions he is from Ramhormoz, though this is a reference to his ancestry as his father was transferred from Ramhormoz to Esfahan, residing in Jey (just outside the military camp), which was designed to accommodate the domestic requirements of military personnel.
- ^ Mukhtaṣar Sīrat Al-Rasūl. Translated by Sameh Strauch. Darussalam. 2006. p. 94. ISBN 9789960980324.
- ^ Sahih Bukhari, Book 5, Volume 58, Hadith 283 (Merits of the Helpers in Madinah [Ansaar]).
Narrated Salman: I am from Ram-Hurmuz (i.e. a Persian town).
- ^ Chase F. Robinson, “The Conquest of Khūzistān,” BSOAS 67/1, 2004, pp. 14-39.
- ^ Wilhelm Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton, N.J, 1984.
- ^ اصطخری, ابواسحاق ابراهیم، به اهتمام ایرج افشار (1368). مسالک و ممالک. تهران: علمی و فرهنگی.
- ^ Van Bladel, Kevin T. (July 2021). "The Language of the Xūz and the Fate of Elamite". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 31 (3): 447–462. doi:10.1017/S1356186321000092. ISSN 1356-1863.
- ^ The Travels of Ibn Battuta A. D. 1325-1354. Volume II. pp. 283. The Hakluyt Society/Cambridge University Press; First Thus Edition (January 1, 1962)
- ^ "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
- ^ "Khuzestan viii. Dialects". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre, Carleton University. "Atlas of the Languages of Iran". iranatlas.net. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "گویش رامهرمزی، نورالله گرشاسبی، جلد۱" (PDF). pic.ketab.ir. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from the original (Excel) on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^
- "Highest record temperature in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Lowest record temperature in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^
- "Average Maximum temperature in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Average Mean Daily temperature in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Average Minimum temperature in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Monthly Total Precipitation in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Average relative humidity in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Monthly total sunshine hours in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.