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Key elements of legal environments for medical use of cannabis in different countries

Schlüsselelemente der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für die medizinische Nutzung von Cannabis in verschiedenen Ländern

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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Abstract

Worldwide, a highly dynamic development of regulatory strategies for cannabis flowers and cannabis-derived products for medical use can be observed. Conditions laid down in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs are basic, and implementation in countries is diverse.

As early as 1998, the Netherlands was the first Member State of the European Union (EU) to establish a strategy to provide patient access to cannabis for medical use. Since then, more and more Member States of the European Union have facilitated access to cannabis for medical use. A comparable development has taken place outside Europe. This article describes the current situation in the Netherlands and presents selected highlights of developments within and outside Europe to demonstrate the broad spectrum of strategies. Key parameters are identified that should be considered when changing or amending regulatory frameworks on cannabis for medical use. In addition to the establishment of adequate regulatory frameworks, there is a substantial need to generate adequate scientific data.

Zusammenfassung

Weltweit gibt es eine sehr dynamische Entwicklung hinsichtlich der gesetzlichen Regelungen zu Cannabisblüten zur medizinischen Verwendung und zu weiteren Cannabis-basierten Arzneimitteln. Die Festlegungen im Einheitsübereinkommen für Betäubungsmittel sind vergleichsweise allgemein und die Umsetzung in nationale Gesetze wird unterschiedlich gehandhabt.

Die Niederlande waren der erste Mitgliedsstaat der Europäischen Union, in dem bereits 1998 eine Strategie entwickelt wurde, um Patienten einen vereinfachten Zugang zu Cannabis zur medizinischen Verwendung zu ermöglichen. Seitdem fanden in anderen Mitgliedstaaten zunehmend ähnliche Entwicklungen statt. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die gegenwärtige Situation in den Niederlanden. Ausgewählte Aspekte der Entwicklungen innerhalb und außerhalb Europas werden vorgestellt, um die unterschiedlichen strategischen Ansätze darzustellen. Wichtige Schlüsselelemente werden identifiziert, die berücksichtigt werden sollten, wenn Änderungen oder Ergänzungen gesetzlicher Regelungen zu Cannabis zur medizinischen Verwendung vorgenommen werden. Darüber hinaus besteht die dringende Notwendigkeit angemessene wissenschaftliche Daten zu generieren.

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Correspondence to Werner Knöss.

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W. Knöss, M. van de Velde, C. Sandvos, and P. Cremer-Schaeffer declare that they have no competing interests.

For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies performed were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.

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Knöss, W., van de Velde, M., Sandvos, C. et al. Key elements of legal environments for medical use of cannabis in different countries. Bundesgesundheitsbl 62, 855–860 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-019-02969-z

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