AFPã«ããã¨ãOECDã12æ7æ¥ã«å
¬è¡¨ããå½éå¦ç¿å°é度調æ»ï¼PISA=Program for International Student Assessmentï¼çµæã§ä¸æµ·ãä¸çã®ãããã«ç«ã£ãã
å½å¥ã®ãããã¯éå½ã¨ãã£ã³ã©ã³ãã ããååå ã®ä¸æµ·ãå
¨ç§ç®ã§é¦ä½ãç¬å ããã
ã¢ã¸ã¢ã®ã»ãã®å½ã»å°åã極ãã¦è¯ãæ績ãåãããéå½ã¯èªè§£åé¨éã§2ä½ãæ°å¦ã§4ä½ãç§å¦ã§6ä½ã«ã©ã³ã¯ã¤ã³ãé¦æ¸¯ãã·ã³ã¬ãã¼ã«ãå°æ¹¾ãæ¥æ¬ã好æ績ã ã£ãã
OECDã®æè²å°é家ã¯ã質ã ãã§ãªãæ©ä¼ã®å¹³çãéè¦ããæè²ææ³ãã¢ã¸ã¢å¤§é¸ã®æåãããããããã¨åæãã¦ããã
西æ´è«¸å½ã®å°é家ãé«ãè©ä¾¡ããæè²ã·ã¹ãã ãæã¤ãã£ã³ã©ã³ãã¯ã欧å·å¢ã§ãããã®æ績ã§ãèªè§£åé¨éã§3ä½ãç§å¦ã§2ä½ãæ°å¦ã§3ä½ã«ã¤ããã
ã¾ããå ±åæ¸ã«ããã¨ããã¹ã¦ã®å½ã§ã女æ§ã®æ¹ãç·æ§ãããèªè§£åã®æ績ãè¯ãããã®å·®ã¯å¦æ ¡æè²1å¹´åã ã£ãããã®æ§å·®ã¯2000年以é縮ãã§ãããããã©ã³ã¹ãã¤ã¹ã©ã¨ã«ãéå½ããã«ãã¬ã«ãã¹ã¦ã§ã¼ãã³ã§ã¯éã«å·®ãéããã
ã¾ããåæã®çµæãæ績ãåªç§ãªå¦æ ¡ã§ã¯1ã¯ã©ã¹ãããã®äººæ°ãæ¸ãã代ããã«æå¡çµ¦ä¸ãä¸ããå¾åããã£ãã
ã¨ããã®ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ã®é信社ããã®å ±åã次ã¯æ¥æ¬ã®é信社ã®å ±éã
æ¥æ¬ã®é«æ ¡ï¼å¹´çã®æ績ã¯ä¸é¨å復ããã
ãèªè§£åããåå調æ»æã®ï¼ï¼ä½ããï¼ä½ããæ°å¦çå¿ç¨åãã¯ï¼ï¼ä½ããï¼ä½ããç§å¦çå¿ç¨åãã¯ï¼ä½ããï¼ä½ã¨ãããã«ä¸æããã
æé¨ç§å¦çã¯ï¼ï¼å¹´ã«è¡ããã第ï¼å調æ»ã§ã®é ä½æ¥è½ãåããèªè§£ååä¸ãå¦åå¼·åãæã¡åºãããã¨ãæ績å復ã«ã¤ãªãã£ãã¨åæããå¦åã¯æ¹åå¾åã«ãããã«æ¹ããã
以ä¸ã
äºã¤ã ãã®è¨äºãèªã¿æ¯ã¹ã¦æ±ºå®çãªãã¨ãè¨ããã¨ã¯ã§ããªãããããã§ããå¾´åçããªãã¨ã¯è¦ã¦åããã
ããã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ã®é信社ã®é
ä¿¡è¨äºãããã©ã³ã¹ã®é«æ ¡çã®å¦åãã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ä¸è¡ãæ¸ãã¦ããªããã¨ã§ããã
ããã«å¯¾ãã¦ãæ¥æ¬ã®è¨äºã¯ãæ¥æ¬äººã®å¦åãã«ã¤ãã¦ã ãããå ±éãã¦ããªãã
ãã¶ãä¸å½ãéå½ãå°æ¹¾ã®æ°èå ±éãæ¥æ¬ã«ä¼¼ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããã¨æ¨å¯ãããã
ããã«å¯¾ãã¦ããã©ã³ã¹äººããã¤ã人ãã¤ã¿ãªã¢äººãã¢ã¡ãªã«äººã¯ãèªå½ã®é«æ ¡çã®å¦åãä»å½ã®ããã¨æ¯è¼ãã¦ä¸åä¸æããã¨ãããã¨ã¯ãã¾ããªããããªæ°ãããï¼æ°ãããã ãã§ã調ã¹ããããããªããã©ï¼ã
ããã¯æ¬§ç±³ã®å½ã
ãåºæ¬çã«ã¯ãé層æ§é ããæã£ã¦ããããã§ããã
åã«ãæ¸ããããã©ã欧å·ã®äººã
ã¯é層ãéãèªå½æ°ããããé層ãåãä»å½æ°ã®æ¹ã«è¦ªè¿æãè¦ããå¾åãããã
ã大ããªã幻影ãã¯ãã®å¥½åã®é©ä¾ã§ããã
ã大ããªã幻影ã(la grande illusion)ã¨ã¯ãåãè²´æéç´åºèº«ã®ãã©ã³ã¹äººæèãã»ãã¢ã«ãã¥ã¼å¤§å°ã¨ããã¤ãã®å容æé·ã©ã¦ãã§ã³ã·ã¥ã¿ã¤ã³å¤§å°ã®ããã ã®ãå½å¢ãè¶ããé層çåæ
ãã®ãã¨ã§ããã
ãããå½æ°å½å®¶ã¨ãããæ°ãã幻影ãã®åã«å´©ãå»ããã¨ããã¸ã£ã³ã»ã«ãã¯ã¼ã«ã¯ä¸æ¬ã®æ¶ã¨ã¨ãã«ç¹ç¶´ããã
ãã®ãããªè¶
å½å®¶çãªæ¨ªã®ã¤ãªããã¯ã¨ã¼ãããã«ã¯ãã®å¾ãããã¡ãå¤ãã¦æ®ã£ã¦ããã
ãæè¸ã®å
±åå½ãï¼République des lettresï¼ã¨ã¯ããæåè³æ¬ã潤沢ã«äº«åãã¦ãã人ã
ãã®å½å¢ãè¶ããéå£ã®ãã¨ã§ããã
ãã®ãããªéå£ãæèçã«å½¢æããåªåã¯ãã§ã«ä¸ä¸ããå§ã¾ã£ã¦ããã
æåè³æ¬ã¯ãã®éå£ã«æä»çã«èç©ããã¦ãããããã¾ãããã¦ããã
ãªãã¯ã¹ãã©ã¼ããã±ã³ããªãã¸ããã¼ã´ã¡ã¼ãã«ä¸çä¸ããç§æãéã¾ãã®ã¯ãããã«ããã°ãä¸çä¸ããéã¾ã£ãç§æãã¡ã ãããæãéå£ãã«å çãã¦ãå½æ°å½å®¶ã®æ ãè¶
ããç¸äºæ¯æ´ã»ç¸äºæ¶å©ã®å©çéå£ã«åä¸ã§ããããã§ããã
ãããä»æ¥ãã°ãã¼ããªãºã ãã¨å¼ã°ãããã®ã®å
é§çå½¢æ
ã¨ã¿ãªããã¨ãå¯è½ã§ããã
ã°ãã¼ãã«åã¨ããã®ã¯ããå½å¢ãè¶ããè½å主義ç社ä¼ç·¨æãã®ãã¨ã§ããã
ã©ãã®å½ã®å½æ°ã§ãããã«ãããããªããè½åã®ãããã®ã¯é«ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã«æ ¼ä»ããããè½åã®ãªããã®ã¯è³æºã®åé
ã§ä¸å©çãèãã¨ããã®ãã°ãã¼ãã«åã®å®ç¸ã§ããã
ã¨ã¼ãããã®é層ä¸ä½ã®æ¹ãã¡ã¯èªå½æ°ã®å¹³åå¦åã«ã¯ãã¾ãé¢å¿ããªããã¨ããã®ã¯ãèªåã®å¸°å±ããéå£ã潤沢ãªæåè³æ¬ã享åãã¦ãããªãããããåªå
çã«ããã¡ããç¸æã¯ä»å½ã®ãåé¡ãcollègue ãã¡ã§ãã£ã¦ãèªå½ã®ä¸å±¤éç´ã®äººã
ã§ã¯ãªãããã§ããã
è¶
é åçã»è¶
å½å®¶çãªã¨ãªã¼ãéå£ã«ç¤¾ä¼çãªã½ã¼ã¹ãèç©ãããã¨ãåªç課é¡ã«ãã¦ãã人ãã¡ã¯ãã¶ãPISAã®çµæã«ã¯ãã¾ãé¢å¿ããªãã
PISAã«ç°å¸¸ã«é«ãé¢å¿ã示ãã®ã¯ãå½æ°å½å®¶ããèªåã帰å±ãã¹ã究極ã®å ´ã§ããã¨ä¿¡ãã¦ãã人ãã¡ã§ããã
ã¢ã¸ã¢ã®äººãã¡ã¯ããã¶ããããªã®ã§ããã
OECDã®å°é家ï¼ãã©ã³ã¹èªåã®äººã§ããï¼ãä½ã¨è¨ã£ã¦ãããã
ã質ã ãã§ãªãæ©ä¼ã®å¹³çãéè¦ããæè²ææ³ãã¢ã¸ã¢å¤§é¸ã®æåãããããããã¨è¨ã£ã¦ããã®ã§ããã
ããã¯è£è¿ãã¦è¨ãã°ãã¢ã¸ã¢è«¸å½ã§ã¯ãä½ãããå
ããä»å½ã¨ã®ç«¶äºã«åã¤ãã¨ãããã·ã§ããªã¹ãã£ãã¯ãªèª²é¡ãã¤ããæèããã¦ããã¨ãããã¨ã§ããã
å½æ°å
¨ä½ã®æä¸çãªãåºä¸ãããã©ããã£ã¦éæããããããã«ã¤ãã¦ã¢ã¸ã¢è«¸å½ã¯å·¥å¤«ãããããã¦ããã
ããã©ããã¢ã¸ã¢è«¸å½ã®äººã
ããã®ãããªå·¥å¤«ã«ç¥æµãçµãã®ã¯ããå½æ°å½å®¶ã¨ãã幻影ãããæè¸ã®å
±åå½ã¨ãã幻影ããããã¤ããããã§ããã
è³æºã®é
åã«ã¤ãã¦ã®èãæ¹ãã¨ã¼ãããã¨ã¢ã¸ã¢ã§ã¯éãã®ã§ããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯ç§»æ°ã®å½ã ããé層ã¯ã¨ã¼ãããã»ã©å¼·ãã¯ãªããããã¨ã¹ããã¯ã»ã¢ã¤ãã³ãã£ãã£ã¼ãã¨ããããã¡ã§å©çéå£ã¯æ®åãã¦ããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ãã©ã®ã¨ã¹ããã¯ã»ã°ã«ã¼ããã¨ã¼ãããã«ããããè²´æãã®å°ä½ãå ãããï¼ãã£ã¨ãæå©ãªè³æºé
åãåãããï¼ãå½å
ã®éå£éã§äºã£ã¦ããã
ã ãããæè²ã«ã¤ãã¦ãã¢ã¡ãªã«å½æ°å
¨ä½ã®ãæä¸çãªåºä¸ããã¨ãããã¨ããã¯ã¤ããã¦ã¹ã®ã¢ã¸ã§ã³ãã«è¼ããã¨ã¯ãã¶ããªãã¯ãã§ããããããããã¨ã¯å·æ¿åºãã³ãã¥ããã£ã®å°ç®¡äºé
ã§ãã£ã¦ãé£é¦æ¿åºã®æ管ã§ã¯ãªãã
ã§ããã¢ã¸ã¢ã¯éãã
ä¸å½ãéå½ãæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯æè²ã¯å½å®¶çäºæ¥ã¨ãã¦è¦³å¿µããã¦ããã
æ績競äºããã·ã§ããªãºã ã®çºé²ã«ãªã£ã¦ããã®ã§ããã
å¥ã«ãããããã¨ãæªãã¨ãç³ãä¸ãã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã
ããããããã¨ãããã¦ããã®ã¯ãã¶ãã¢ã¸ã¢è«¸å½ã ãã§ã¯ãªãã®ããã¨ããåã«å°ãæéãå²ãã¦ãç½°ã¯å½ãããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããã¨ç³ãä¸ãã¦ããã®ã§ããã
ãã¶ãPISAã®ã¹ã³ã¢ã¯ããã®å½ã®ãå½æ°ççµ±å度ãã«ç¸é¢ããã
ã ããä»åä¸æµ·ãä¸çä¸ã«ãªã£ãããããã¯ä¸æµ·ã¨ãããé¸ã°ãã人éããä½ããªããã¨ãªã¢ã®ä½æ°ãã¡ã®ãå質æ§ããä¸çä¸é«ãã¨ãããã¨ã¨ã»ã¼å義ã ã¨è§£éã§ããã
éå½ãå°æ¹¾ãããããå½æ°ççµ±å度ãé«ãã¦ãããã¨ãã¹ã³ã¢ã«åæ ãã¦ããããã«æãããã
ã©ã¡ãããè¨æ¦ä½å¶ãã«ããå½ã§ããã
ããããå½ã§ã¯ãå½æ°ã®å
¨ä½çãªç¥çããã©ã¼ãã³ã¹ãæä¸çã«åºä¸ãããã»ãããå½åããæ©æ¥ã«é«ããä¸ã§ã¯å¹æçã§ããã¨ããèãæ¹ãæ¯é
çã«ãªãã
PISAã®ã¹ã³ã¢ãç§ã¯æ¯åèå³æ·±ãçºãã¦ããã®ã§ãããããã®ã¹ã³ã¢ã«ã¯ãã¶ã次ã®ãããªãã¾ãã¾ãªãã¡ã¯ã¿ã¼ãé¢ä¸ãã¦ããã
ï¼ï¼ï¼ ãã®å½ã®é層åã®é²è¡åº¦
ï¼ï¼ï¼ ãã®å½ã®å½æ°çå質æ§ã®é«ã
ï¼ï¼ï¼ ãã®å½ã«ãããè³æºé
åã®ãã§ã¢ãã¹ã®ç¨åº¦
ï¼ï¼ï¼ ãã®å½ã®é£å½ã¨ã®è»äºçã»å¤äº¤çç·å¼µé¢ä¿ã®æç¡
ï¼ï¼ï¼ ãè¯å¤·ç§©åºçå
å¯è«ãï¼ä¸å½ï¼ããå
é§çã¨ãªã¼ãã«ããä¸ç¹çªç ´å
¨é¢å±éæ¦ç¥ãï¼éå½ï¼ã®ãããªè³æºã®å¾æé
åã·ã¹ãã ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®ä¼çµ±çå½æ¯ã®æç¡
æ¥æ¬ã®æè²è¡æ¿ã®äººã
ãæè²è©è«å®¶ã¯ããã¨ãæè²ããã©ãããã¨ãããããªç£æ«ãªè«ä»¶ã«å¦ååé¡ãè½ã¨ãè¾¼ãã§è«ãã¦ããããããã»ã©ç°¡åãªè©±ã§ã¯ãªãã¨ç§ã¯æãã
ã ããããã¤ãå
æ¥ã¾ã§ã¯å¤ãã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ã¯ï¼°ï¼©ï¼³ï¼¡ã®ã©ã³ãã³ã°ãæ ¹æ ã«ããã£ã³ã©ã³ãã«å¦ã¹ãã¨è¨ã£ã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã£ããã
ã ã£ãããåããã¸ãã¯ã§ä»åã¯ãä¸æµ·ã«å¦ã¹ï¼ãã¨ç¤¾èª¬ã«å¤§æ¸ãã¹ãã§ã¯ãªãã®ãã
ããã©ãç§ãç¥ãéããPISAã®ã¹ã³ã¢ã®çºè¡¨ã®å¾ã«ããä¸æµ·ãéå½ã®æåäºä¾ã«å¦ã¼ããã¨å¼å·ãã社説ã¯åå¨ããªãã
ããã©ãããæ¸ããªãã¨ãããã¾ã§ã®è°è«ã¨ã®æ´åæ§ãã¨ããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããã
ãä¸æµ·ã«å¦ã¹ãã¨æ¸ããªãã®ã¯å½¼ããç¢ç«ããã¨ããå¦åã®åªå£ãããã·ã§ãã«ãªå¨ä¿¡ã®åé¡ãã ã¨æã£ã¦ããããã§ããã
å¦åã®é«ä¸ã¯æç§æ¸ãã«ãªãã¥ã©ã ã®åé¡ã§ã¯ãªãã社ä¼ãã©ã®ããã«æ§é åããã¦ããããããã§ã¯ã©ã®ãããªé層ã¤ããªãã®ã¼ãæ¯é
çã§ãããã¨ããããããã¦æ¿æ²»ãªæ¡ä»¶ã«ç¸é¢ããã
ãã®ãããªä»®èª¬ãããã£ã¦ãããããããã¯ããªæè²è°è«ãããããå§ã¾ã£ã¦ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããã¨ç§ã¯æãã
ï¼2010-12-09 11:46ï¼