Nursing Informatics

Leadership
Purpose and Objectives
At the end of the discussion,
students will be able to:
1. Identify the role of nurse
informaticist
2. Discuss the standard practices in
nursing informatics
Nursing experts agree that
effective Nurse Informaticists
Nurse command highly especialized
knowledge from three distinct
Informaticist Role disciplines:

1. clinical nursing
2. information technology
3. research

NIs use interdisciplinary

perspective to analyze patient
care and outcome data,
creating new knowledge that
advances the clinical practice
of nursing.
Two Key Areas of Expertise
Nurse executives and Nurse Informaticists
involved in technology decision-making need
to leverage two specific type of IT expertise
when they evaluate, select, and implement
clinical information systems:
1. Process mapping
 delineates the actual steps of clinical
practice as they occur during the patient
care
2. Workflow
 designs spans the mechanical
Informatics Nurse & Informatics Nurse
Specialist in the Philippines
Informatics Nurse
 refers to the RN who works in the area of
informatics.
 she / he has experience in the area but no
formal informatics preparation

Informatics Nurse Specialist

 has advanced graduate education in
nursing informatics or a related field and
may hold (American Nurses Credentialing
Center) ANCC certification
Future Direction of Nursing Informatics
in the Philippines
 According to Sumabat, K. (2010)
development training, certification and
credentialing programs are in the pipeline
for the Philippine Nursing Informatics
Association (PNIA).
 future partnerships with local and
international nursing and health
informatics organizations have started
 it is also a major thrust to support the use
health information standards in the
Philippines and to have nursing informatics
Informatics Nurse will include the
following roles:
1. Ensure proper record or documentation with the
use of technology whether in clinical practice,
administration or the academe
2. Utilize information and technology responsibly in
health education
3. Collaborate with other health professionals with
the use of hospital information system (clinical) or
educational information system (academe)
4. Use of simulation learning in education or
continuing education
5. Educate students about nursing informatics and
facilitate learning through the use of Information
Some Role of Informatics Nurse Specialist
in the Philippines :
1. Research and theory development
2. Design information system that work
well in the Philippines
3. Test human-computer interfaces
4. Contribute to Health Informatics Policy
5. Champion or advocate for nursing
informatics in the country
6. Help develop standarized nursing
terminology in the Philippines
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Standard 1. Assessment
The informatics nurse collects
comprehensive data, information, and emerging
evidence pertinent to the situation
Competencies
 Uses evidence-based assessment techniques,
instrument, tools and effective
communication strategies in collecting
pertinent data to define the issue or problem
 Uses workflow analyses to examine current
practice, workflow, and the potential impact
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Competencies
 Conducts a needs analysis to refine the
issue or problem when necessary
 Involves the healthcare consumer, family,
interprofessional team, and key
stakeholders as appropriate in relevant
data collection.
 Prioritizes data collection activities
 Uses analytical models, algorithms and
tools that facilitate assessment
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
One example of an assessment algorithm is
PIECES:
 Performance – throughput or response
time
 Information – outputs, inputs and stored
data
 Economics – costs versus profits
 Control – too little security or control or
too much control or security
 Efficiency – people machines or computers
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Competencies
 Synthesis available data, information,
evidence and knowledge relevant to the
situation to identify patterns and
variances
 Applies ethical, legal and privacy
regulations and policies for the collection,
maintenance, use and dissemination of
data and information
 Documents relevant data in a retrievable
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Standard 2. Diagnosis, Problems and Issues
Identification
The informatics nurse analyzes assessment
data to identify diagnoses, problems, issues and
opportunities for improvement.
Competencies
 Derives diagnoses, problems, needs, issues
and opportunities for improvement based on
assessment data
 Validates the diagnoses, problems, needs,
issues and opportunities for improvement
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Competencies
 Identifies actual or potential risks to the
healthcare consumer’s health and safety, or
barriers to health, which may include, but are
not limited to, interpersonal, systematic, or
environmental circumstances.
 Uses standardized clinical terminologies,
taxonomies and decision support tools, when
available, to identify problems, needs, issues
and opportunities for improvement
 Document problems, needs, issues and
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Standard 3. Outcomes Identification
The informatics nurse identifies expected
outcomes for a plan individualized to the
healthcare consumer or the situation.
Competencies
 Involves the healthcare consumer, family,
healthcare providers and key stakeholders in
formulating expected outcomes when possible
and appropriate.
 Defines expected outcomes in terms of the
healthcare consumer, health-care worker, and
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Competencies
 Formulates expected outcomes after considering
associated risks, benefits, costs, available
expertise, evidence-based knowledge and
environmental factors.
 Develops expected outcomes that provide
direction for project team members, the
healthcare team and key stakeholders.
 Includes a time estimate for the attainment of
expected outcomes.
 Modifies expected outcomes based on changes
in the status or evaluation of the situation.
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Standard 4. Planning
The informatics nurse develops a plan that
prescribes strategies, alternatives and
recommendations to attain expected outcomes.
Competencies
 Develops a customized plan considering clinical
and business characteristics of the environment
and situation.
 Develops the plan in collaboration with the
healthcare consumer, family, healthcare team,
key stakeholders and others.
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Competencies
 Incorporates strategies in the plan to address
each of the identified diagnoses, problems,
needs and issues.
 Incorporates an implementation pathway or
timeline within the plan.
 Considers the clinical, financial, social and
economic impact of the plan on the
stakeholders.
 Integrates current scientific evidence, trends
and research into the planning process
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Competencies
 Integrates current statutes, rules and
regulations and standards within the planning
process and plan.
 Modifies the plan according to the ongoing
assessment of the healthcare consumer’s
response and other outcome indicators.
 Integrates informatics principles in the design of
the interprofessional processes to address
identified situations or issues.
 Documents the plan in a manner that uses
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Standard 5. Implementation
 The informatics nurse implements the
identified plan.
Competencies
 Partners with the healthcare consumer,
healthcare team and others as appropriate, to
implement the plan on time, within budget and
within plan requirements.
 Utilizes health information technology to
measure, record and retrieve healthcare
consumer data, implement and support the
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Competencies
 Advocates the health care that is sensitive to
the needs of healthcare consumers, with
emphasis on the needs of diverse populations
and use of self-care theory.
 Applies available healthcare technologies to
maximize access and optimize outcomes for
healthcare consumers.
 Uses community and organizational resources
systematically to implement the plan.
 Collaborates with the healthcare team and other
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Competencies
 Accommodates different styles of
communication used by healthcare consumers,
families, healthcare providers and others.
 Implements the plan using principles and
concepts of enterprise management, project
management and systems change theory.
 Promotes the healthcare consumer’s capacity
for the optimal level of participation and
problem-solving.
 Fosters an organizational culture that supports
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Competencies
 Incorporates new information and strategies to
initiate change if desired outcomes are not
achieved.
 Documents implementation and any
modifications, including changes or omissions of
the identified plan.

 The informatics nurse coordinates planned

activities
 The informatics nurse employs informatics
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Standard 6. Evaluation
 The informatics nurse evaluates progress
toward attainment of outcomes.
Competencies
 Conducts a systematic, ongoing and criterion-
based evaluation of the outcomes in relation to
the structures and process prescribed by the
project plan and indicated timeline.
 Collaborates with the healthcare consumer,
healthcare team members and other key
stakeholders involved in the plan or situation in
Standards of Practice for Nursing
Informatics (According to ANA 2015) :
Competencies
 Evaluates, in partnership with the key
stakeholders, the effectiveness of the planned
strategies in relation to attainment of the
expected outcomes.
 Evaluates the link between outcomes and
evidence-based methods, tools and guidelines.
 Evaluates the effectiveness of planned strategies
in relation to attainment of the expected
outcomes.
 Documents the results of the evaluation
 Disseminates the results to key stakeholders and
Standards of Professional Performance for
Nursing Informatics
The Standards of Professional Performance
express the role performance requirements for
the informatics nurse and informatics nurse
specialist.

Standard 7. Ethics
 Identifies the informatics nurse practices
ethically, with further detailing of associated
competencies, such as the use of the Code of
Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements to
guide practice.
Standards of Professional Performance for
Nursing Informatics
Standard 8. Education
 Addresses the need for the informatics nurse
to attain knowledge and competence, including the
competency associated with demonstration of a
commitment to lifelong learning.
Standard 9. Evidence-based Practice and
Research
 Confirms that the informatics nurse
integrates evidence and research findings into
practice.
Standard 10. Quality of Practice
Standards of Professional Performance for
Nursing Informatics
Standard 11. Communication
 Explains that the informatics nurse
communicates effectively through a variety of
formats, with several accompanying competencies
delineating specific requisite knowledge, skills and
abilities for demonstrated success in this area.
Standard 12. Leadership
 Promotes that the informatics nurse leads in
the professional practice setting, as well as the
profession. Accompanying competencies address
such skills as mentoring, problem solving and
Standards of Professional Performance for
Nursing Informatics
Standard 13. Collaboration
 Encompasses the informatics nurse’s
collaborative efforts with the healthcare
consumer, family and others in the conduct of
nursing and informatics practice.

Standard 14. Professional Practice Evaluation

 Identifies that the informatics nurse
conducts evaluation of their own nursing
practice considering professional practice
Standards of Professional Performance for
Nursing Informatics
Standard 15. Resource Utilization
 Addresses that the informatics nurse uses
appropriate resources to plan and implement
safe, effective and fiscally responsible
informatics and associated services

Standard 16. Environmental Health

 Closes out the list of professional
performance standards by describing that the
informatics nurse supports practice in a safe
Computer Applications that
Support Nursing Research
Purpose and Objectives
At the end of the discussion,
students will be able to:
1. Participate in the conduct of
research utilizing appropriate
information system application with the
research team
Literature Searches
1. CINAHL plus with Full Text
 CINAHL covers literature related to nursing and
allied health. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied
Health database provides authoritative coverage of the
literature related to nursing and allied health.
2. Cochrane Library
 Independent medical evidence on which to base
clinical treatment decisions. The Cochrane Library is a
collection of databases that contain dependent evidence on
which to base clinical treatment decisions.
Literature Searches
Examples of Cochrane Library:
 Cochrain Reviews, aka Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews (CDSR)
 Other Reviews, aka Database of Abstracts of Reviews of
Effects (DARE)
 Clinical Trials, aka Cochrane Central Register of
Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)
 Methods Studies, aka Cochrane Methodology Register
(CMR)
Literature Searches
Examples of Cochrane Library:
 Technology Assessment, aka Health Technology
Assessment Database (HTA)
 Economics Evaluations, aka National Health Technology
Assessment Database (NHSEED)
 Cochrane Groups, aka About the Cochrane Collaboration
Literature Searches
3. EMBASE: Excerpta Medica Database
 Database in biomedicine which also excels in its coverage of
pharmaceutical research.
 From 1974 to present.

 EMBASE is an abstract and indexing database in biomedicine

which also excels in its coverage of pharmaceutical research.
It currently contains more than 15 million records from
Excerpta Medica Database (1974-present) and selected
Medline records (1966-present).
Literature Searches
4. EBSCOhost
 is an intuitive online research platform used by thousands
of institutions and millions of users worldwide. With quality
databases and search features, EBSCOhost helps researcher
of all kinds to find the information they need fast. EBSCOhost
offers high-quality articles licensed from reputable
publishers recognized by library professionals, chosen to
meet the specific needs of researchers. User can view, save,
print, email or export citations in many formats directly from
database.
Literature Searches
5. HAPI: Health and Psychosocial Instruments
This is a database that provides information on measurement
instruments in the health fields, psychosocial sciences,
organizational behavior and library and information science.
6. MEDLINE through Ovid (1947-Present)
MEDLINE is the National Library of Medicine’s premier
bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing,
dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system and the
preclinical sciences. MEDLINE contains bibliographic citations and
author abstracts from more than 4,600 biomedical journals
Literature Searches
published in the United States and 70 other countries. Coverage is
worldwide but most of records are from English-language sources.

MEDLINE via PubMed

 PubMed, a service of the National Libabry of Medicine, provides
access to MEDLINE citations and additional life sciences books
and databases.
 From mid 1960s to present
 PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles
and other related resources.
Literature Searches
8. SAGE Research Methods
Contains information on research methods including over 120,000
pages of SAGE book, journal and reference content.
9. Scopus
It contains over 20,500 titles from 5000 publishers
worldwide with 49 million records, 78% with abstracts.
10. Web of Science
Access to the Web of Science Core collection which is the largest
citation database in science, engineering, medicine and
technology; also, the social sciences, arts and humanities are
represented. This resource was required with funding from the
Library/IT Assessment.
Literature Searches
11. Additional Databases
a. Google Scholar
 focuses on academic output. This link is proxied for users off
campus so you can download full text
b. Health Source: Nursing/ Academic Edition
 focuses on nursing and allied health sciences scholarly journal
literature, and which provides nearly 600 scholarly full text
journals, including nearly 450 peer-reviewed journals
c. Sociological Abstracts
 indexes the international literature in sociology and related
disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences
Literature Searches
11. Additional Databases
d. Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library
 This free resource has the following features:
 Free registration
 Abstract from dozens of nursing conferences
 Investigator-entered information on cutting edge research
 Contact information for investigators and authors
 Access to 6 free full-text articles a month on nursing topics
 Access to free full-text articles from the current volume, first
issues of Journal of Nursing Scholarship and Worldviews on Ev-
Based Nursing
Data Collection and Statistical Tools
Two types of variables or data:
1. Qualitative Variables - represent differences in quality,
character or kind but not in amount.
2. Quantitative Variables – represent the quantity and numerical in
nature. It can be ordered and ranked.
It can be further classified to the following:
• Discrete variables are counted using integral (non-
decimal) values like number of students,
number of admissions, number of testing
centers, etc.
• Continuous variables are counted using decimals or
fractions that represents a numerical difference over
Variables
 can also classify as to dependent or independent
depending on how it is used or applied in a study

 Independent variable is the stand-alone variable that

cannot be affected by other controlled variables.
- It is the predictor

 Dependent variable is the one being predicted

Example: To predict the increase in comfort level of geriatric

patients using music therapy
Scales of Measurement Data
The process of assigning a numerical value to a
variable is called measurement. A scale or level
measurement can be described as the set of rules used
to assign scores and is an indicator of the kind of
information that the scores provide (Dayrit, 2011) The
scale to which measurement belong will be important
in determining appropriate methods for data
description and analysis.
Scales of Measurement Data
Four Levels or Scales of Measurement:
1. Nominal data
 these are categorial in nature. It has the purpose of identifying
name or membership to a specific group. All qualitative variables
are measured on this scale. (gender, color, blood type etc.)
2. Ordinal data
 means the imposition of ranks or inequalities. This implies that one
category is higher than the other. ( grades, strongly agree scale)
3. Interval data
 indicate an actual amount and there is an equal unit of
measurement separating each value at equal intervals.( age, income
rates, year, IQ test)
Scales of Measurement Data
Four Levels or Scales of Measurement:
4. Ratio
 data are similar to interval data, but the difference is that
Ratio data has an absolute zero and multiples have
meaning.(Length, area, populations)

The following are online data collection tools:

1. Online Questionnaires (Microsoft Forms, Google Forms)
2. Digital Polls
3. Survey Monkey
Data Collection Tools
1. Online Questionnaires (Microsoft Forms, Google Forms)
Survey
 is one way of gathering data from specific population
 one of the most commonly used tools by researchers to
facilitate their study
2. Digital Polls or Online Polls
 allow to see the responses or votes of other people toward a
topic or an issue in real-time
3. Survey Monkey
 is the leading global survey platform, trusted by millions of
organizations and individual to help them uncover insights
about their customers, employees and prospects
Data Processing and Database Applications
Spreadsheets
 A software program or application use to easily perform
mathematical calculations on statistical data and totaling long
columns of numbers or determining percentages and
averages.
SPSS/PSPP
 IBM SPSS or Statistical Package for Social Sciences software
platform is the leading statistical software for advanced
statistical analysis, a vast library of machine learning
algorithms, text analysis, open source extensibility,
integration with big data and seamless deployment of
applications.
Data Processing and Database Applications
PSPP
 is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data
developed by GNU Operating System.
 it is a free replacement for the proprietary program, SPSS
 It provides many transformations and utilities.
 Procedures provide the ability to perform t-tests, anova,
linear regression, logistic regression, cluster analysis,
reliability analysis, factor analysis, non-parametric tests
and other analyses
Data Processing and Database Applications
SAS (Statistical Analysis Software)
 One of the modern statistical software in the market.
Organizations of all types and sizes depend on statistical
analysis to guide critical decisions. Modern statistical
methods provide trustworthy evidence for creating
effective treatments for disease, improving
manufacturing processes, predicting customer behavior
and making policy decisions. SAS provides a
comprehensive set of up to date tools that can meet the
data analysis needs of entire organization.
Data Processing and Database Applications
NVivo
 This is Qualitative data analysis software that allows you
organize and manage qualitative data. This software allows
the researcher to save time in doing manual organizations of
qualitative data. Researchers can import text, audio, video,
emails, images, spreadsheets, online surveys, web content
and social media from various sources into a simple, intuitive
interface. Centralize data from multiple sources in order to
conduct the most in-depth analysis is possible. This also
allows the researcher to have an efficient coding data in order
to more quickly identify themes and trends
Data Presentation
 Presentation of data needs planning and appropriate
means of presentation
 Readers need to be interested and understand the
presented data, the mere gathering of data is not simple
task more so the task of making these data
comprehensible and meaningful
 The gathered data are summarized and presented in
different forms as to textual form, tabular form and
graphical form.

Data Presentation
“IMRaD” format
 refers to a paper that is structured by four main sections:
Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion.
 This format is often used for lab reports as well as for
reporting any planned, systematic research in the social
sciences, natural sciences, or engineering and computer
sciences
Data Presentation
Introduction
 explain why this research is important or necessary
 Begin by establishing the problem or situation that
motivates the research
 Move to discussing the current state of research in the
field; then reveal a “gap” or problem in the field
 Explain how the present research is a solution to that
problem or gap
 If the study has hypotheses, they are presented at the
end of the introduction
Data Presentation
Methods - What did you do?
 The methods section tells readers how you conducted
your study
 It includes information about your population, sample,
methods and equipment
 The “gold standard” of the methods section is that it
should enable readers to duplicate your study
Data Presentation
Results - What did you find?
 present your findings
Data Presentation
Discussions - What does it mean?
 In this section, you summarize your main findings,
comment on those findings and connect them to other
research
 You also discuss limitations of your study, and use these
limitations as reasons to suggest additional, future
research
Abstract
 The abstract for the report comes at the beginning of the
paper, but you should write it after you have draft the full
report.
 Provides a very short overview of the entire paper,
including a sentence or two about the reports prupose
and importance, a sentence or two about the
implications of your findings

Reporting Versus Commenting on your Findings

 In the results section, you simply report your findings
 In the discussion section, comment on them
Common Problem in IMRaD drafts:
1. The Abstract does not provide a clear statement of the
main findings
2. The Introduction does not communicate clearly why the
research is important
3. The Methods section is not detailed enough or is
disorganized
4. The Results section provides comments and explanations
instead of simply reporting results
THAT’S ALL.
THANK YOU!