THE MORAL AGENT
Moral Agent
A person who can discern the rightness and
wrongness of his/her actions (human act).
Is always ACCOUNTABLE and RESPONSIBLE
The moral agent's capacity to act based on hi
Agency s/her intentions and mental states (freedom,
knowledge, and will).
CULTURE IN
MORAL BEHAVIOR
CULTURE
Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowl
edge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, mea
nings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, rol
es, spatial relations, concepts of the universe,
and material objects and possessions acquired
by a group of people in the course of generati
ons through individual and group striving.
Culture, thus includes all the things individual
s learn while growing up among particular gro
up: attitudes, standards of morality, rules of etiq
uette, perceptions of reality, language, notions a
bout the proper way to live, beliefs about how fe
males and males should interact, ideas about ho
w the world works and so forth.
MORAL BEHAVIOR
Schuman defines moral behavior
as “Act intended to produce kind
Action or actions that pr and /or fair outcomes.
oduce good outcomes fo To act according to ones moral va
r the individuals as mem lues and standards. Children dem
bers of a community, or onstrate prosocial and moral beh
society. It can be applied avior when they share,help, coop
to the whole global socie erate, communicate, sympathize
ty. or in otherwise they demonstrate
ability to care about others.
CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR
Culture as the social behavior and social norms found in human societies is said to be the first basis fo
r ethical standards that affect moral behavior modes of acting that affect a person's life and well-bein
g.
Reflects the moral values and ethical norms
governing how people should behave and
interact with others.
Refers to the outlook, attitude, values, goals,
and practicesshared by a group, organization,
or society.
Vary over time periods between countries and
geographicregions, and among groups and
organizations.
1. CULTURAL RELATIVISM
It is a belief which states that what is ethi
cally acceptable or unacceptable is relativ
e or dependent on one's culture.
The concept of this belief can be understood t
hrough the claims of the cultural relativists:
Different societies have dif
1 ferent moral codes.
2 The moral code of a society det
ermines what is right within tha
t society. So, if society says that
a certain action is right, then th
at action is right, at least in that
society.
1. CULTURAL RELATIVISM
4 5
There is no objective standard t The moral code of our own so It is arrogant for us to judge o
hat can be used to judge one soc ciety has no special status; it i ther cultures. We should alw
iety's code as better than anoth s but one among many. ays be tolerant of them.
er's.
There are no moral truths that h
old for all people at all times.
1. CULTURAL RELATIVISM
Thus, cultural relativism states that our
culture's moral code is neither superior
nor inferior to any other.
Still, it would provide us with the stand
ards that are appropriate and applicabl
e to us. Accordingly, ethical standards i
n this belief entail following whatever
our culture says.
REFERENCES
https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/video/moral-agent-subject-of-
moral-worth
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/society-and-culture/
culture/a/cultural-relativism-article
https://viva.pressbooks.pub/phi220ethics/chapter/what-is-cultural-
relativism/
Nickerson, C. (2022, April 07). Cultural Relativism. Simply Psychology.
www.simplypsychology.org/cultural-relativism.html
THANK YOU
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