Sandra Moriarty
Nancy Mitchell
William Wells
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Part 1
Principle: Back to Basics
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1. What is advertising, how has it evolved, and what
does it do in modern times?
2. How have the key concepts of marketing
communication developed over time?
3. How is the industry organized – key players,
types of agencies, and jobs within agencies?
4. Why and how is the practice of advertising
changing?
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FREAKOUT!
To convince consumers, show them the truth
about the product-don’t just tell them about
it- and do it memorably.
The best advertising is word-of-mouth
advertising from friends
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“Advertising is a paid form of persuasive
communication that uses mass and interactive
media to reach broad audiences in order to connect
an identified sponsor with buyers (a target
audience), provide information about products
(goods, services, and ideas), and interpret the
product features in terms of the customer’s needs
and wants.”
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Identification
◦ Identifies a product and/or the
store where it’s sold
Information
◦ Advances in printing technology
expanded literacy, making
commercial messages available to
the masses
Persuasion
◦ With widespread marketing,
recognizable brand names became
more important such as Ivory
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Other tools in the promotional toolkit:
Publicity
Public relations
Direct-response
Specialties
Together, these tools are known as integrated
marketing communication, or marcom.
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Much of retailers’ advertising is targeted to a specific
market, such as this direct-mail piece for T. J. Maxx.
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Marketing and communication roles
It transforms a product into a distinctive brand by
creating a brand image and personality that goes
beyond product features.
◦ 1984
Economic and societal roles
Advertising works to create demand for brands and
lower prices for consumers.
Advertising shapes our self-image and sense of
style through things we wear and use.
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“Advertising generates cost efficiencies by
increasing demand among large groups of
people, resulting in higher levels of sales
and ultimately, lower prices.”
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Brand advertising
◦ Focused on long-term brand identity and image
Retail or local advertising
◦ Focused on selling merchandise in a geographical
area
Direct-response advertising
◦ Tries to stimulate an immediate customer
response
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Business-to-business advertising
◦ Sent from one business to another
Institutional advertising
◦ Establishes a corporate identity; attempts to win
the public over to the organization’s point of view
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Nonprofit advertising
◦ Used by not-for-profit organizations to reach
customers, members, volunteers, and donors
Public service advertising
◦ Usually produced and run for free on behalf of a
good cause
Specialized advertising
◦ Used to address specific areas such as health
care, green marketing, international campaigns
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All advertising:
Demands creative,
original messages.
Must be strategically
sound, well executed.
Is delivered through
some form of media.
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A timeline of advertising eras and ages:
The Early Age of Print: 15th-18th century
Mechanization spurred literacy, which
encouraged businesses to advertise beyond
their locations.
The Early Age of Agencies: 1840s-1890s
As advertisers became concerned with creating
ads that worked, professionalism took shape.
Volney Palmer opens first ad agency in 1848 in
Philadelphia
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A timeline of advertising eras and ages:
The Scientific Era: 1900s-1950s
Modern advertising adopted scientific research
techniques. Art and science were blended.
The Creative Era: 1960s-1970s
The power of agencies exploded, with a
resurgence of art, inspiration, and intuition.
For examples of the most creative advertising
ever produced, go to: [Link]
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A timeline of advertising eras and ages:
The Era of Accountability and Integration:
1970s to present
Clients want ads that produced sales. The public
expects social responsibility. Managers adopted
IMC to better coordinate brand communication.
The Social Media Era
In this new interactive world, consumers
generate brand messages and share experiences
on social media sites.
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1. Strategy
The logic behind an advertisement stated in
objectives that focus on areas such as sales,
emotional appeal, or brand reputation.
2. Message
The concept behind a message and how it is
expressed based on research and consumer
insights.
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3. Media
Targets prospective
buyers by matching their
profiles to media
audiences.
4. Evaluation
Based on strategic
objectives and
professional standards
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The Advertiser
Advertising begins here with the company that
sponsors the advertising about its business
Likely to have a marketing team that initiates the
advertising effort
Hires the advertising agency
Marketing Department will make final decision
about strategy and budget
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The Agency
Creates, produces, and distributes the messages.
Employs experts who are passionate about their
work.
Can negotiate the best media deals for clients.
Can have in house agencies set up by the advertiser
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The Media
Channels of communication that deliver messages
and engage audiences.
Many are large media conglomerates such as Time
Warner and Viacom.
The mass media enable advertisers to reach many
people with a single message in a cost-efficient
manner.
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Professional Suppliers
and Consultants
Provide specialized services
to advertisers and agencies.
Includes artists, writers,
photographers, producers,
printers, and vendors who
supply user-generated
content online
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Full-Service Agencies
◦ Encompasses account management, creative
services, media planning, and account planning.
In-House Agencies
◦ Is a part of the advertiser’s organization; helps to
control costs and maintain control over brand
image.
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The A-List of Advertising Agencies
Here are a select few:
◦ McGarryBowen: [Link]
◦ Droga5: [Link]
◦ Razorfish: [Link]
◦ 72andSunny: [Link]
◦ Edelman: [Link]
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Specialized Agencies
◦ Specialize in certain functions, audiences,
industries or markets.
Creative Boutiques
◦ Small (2 or 3 to a dozen people) agencies that
work only on the creative execution of an idea or
product.
Media-Buying Services
◦ Specialize in the purchase of media for clients
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Agency Networks and Holding Companies
◦ Large conglomerations of agencies under a
central ownership
◦ DDB worldwide (200 offices in 90 countries)
◦ BBDO Worldwide (287 offices in 79 countries)
◦ One or more agency network, usually with
multiple offices
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The five main areas:
1. Account management
2. Account planning and research
3. Creative development and research
4. Media research, planning, and buying
5. Internal operations
Let’s take a look at each one……
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Account management
This team acts as a liaison between the client and
agency.
The account executive interprets the client’s
marketing research, strategy for the agency.
Account planning and research
This team gathers market intelligence and acts as
the voice of the consumer.
Strategic specialists research consumers’ wants,
needs and brand relationships.
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Creative development and production
Includes copywriters, art directors, and producers.
Media research, planning, and buying
This department provides research, planning, and
buying services.
Internal operations
Includes traffic, print production, finance, and
human resources.
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From three main sources:
1. Commissions: based on
media billings.
2. Fees: based on an hourly
rate or project. Also
covers travel and various
expenses.
3. Retainers: A regular
amount billed each
month, based on
projected work.
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Two recent trends:
1. Based on performance: the agency is paid a
percentage of the client’s sales or marketing
budget.
2. Value billing: the agency is paid for its creative
and strategic ideas rather than for executions
and media placements.
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The days of pounding people with images,
shoving them down their eyeballs are over.
Consumer-generated advertising creates valuable
brand publicity.
Consumers have taken control of media and
marketing through the Web and social media.
Consumer Generated Ads
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Television is still a major player, but the number
of cable channels has exploded.
Digital media has fragmented the media world
with new, ever-changing forms.
Agencies must take a stronger leadership role in
the development of brand strategy.
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Accountability: This has grown in importance
over the past two decades.
Effectiveness: In tight economic times, it is more
critical than ever to deliver results.
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What is an effective ad?
Answer:
Effective ads deliver the message the advertiser
intended, and that consumers respond to as the
advertiser hoped they would. (ADVERTISING’S
EFFECTS)
Effectiveness is gauged according to predetermined
objectives.
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Industry awards showcase the best in
advertising and marketing communication.
The Effie Award is given for the most effective
ads.
The Clio Award is based on creativity.
As a class: check them out at:
[Link]
[Link]
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Other advertising awards:
Canada’s Cassie Award
[Link]
Cannes Lions Award
[Link]
Silver Anvil Award
[Link]/awards/silveranvil
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The first principle of IMC:
“Everything communicates!”
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IMC is all about integration.
IMC is the primary tool of brand communication.
Brand messages must complement one another
and present the same basic brand strategy.
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In Chapter 2, we will:
Explain the bigger picture of advertising and its
role in marketing communication and marketing.
Explore new ways that agencies are working to
interact with customers and cement brand
relationships.
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Old Spice generated
excitement with guys who were
not current customers and
women who typically made
most body wash purchases.
The “hunk” atop the horse
captivated the audience – think
“eye candy!”
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Key lessons
Old Spice used research to generate insights that
drove the campaign.
They involved both men and women in the
conversation about what a guy should smell like.
The campaign generated an incredible amount of
free public relations and social media buzz.
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