Exercise Guide #6

Theoretical questions
1) In the following figure, suppose that a quantity of positive charge first passes through the
R1and then through R2In comparison with the current in R1, the current in R2
(a) smaller, (b) larger, or (c) equal. If a piece of wire is used to connect points b and c, the
brightness of the bulb1increases

2) For the previous figure, imagine that you add a third resistor in series. What happens with the
electric current in the battery? a) increases, b) decreases, c) remains the same. And what happens?
with the terminal voltage of the battery?
3) For the following figure, imagine that you add a third resistor in parallel. What happens to
Electric current in the battery? a) increases, b) decreases, c) remains the same. And what happens?
with the terminal voltage of the battery?

4) Describe in your own words both of Kirchhoff's laws.

There are two conventions for assigning signs in Kirchhoff's Voltage Law.
The convention of passive elements refers to the standardized way of representing components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors in electrical circuits. These components do not generate energy but instead store or dissipate it.
6) If two resistors R1yR2(R2>R1They are connected in series as illustrated in the figure, what
Which of the following statements is true? In each case, provide a justification for your answer.
I1I2I3b) The current is greater in R1that inR2c) The consumption of electrical power is
the same for both resistors. d) The power consumption is greater in R2that inR1.
e) The potential drop is the same across both resistors. f) The potential at point a
it is the same as at point c. g) The potential at point b is less than at point c. h) The
potential at point c is less than at point b.

7) If two resistors R1yR2(R2>R1They are connected in parallel as shown in the figure, what
Which of the following statements must be true? In each case, justify your answer.
a)I1=I2. b)I3=I4c) The current is greater in R1what inR2d) The energy consumption rate
the electrical current is the same for both resistors. e) The rate of electrical energy consumption is
mayor inR2that enR1. f)Vcd=Vef=VabThe point is at a higher potential than the point.
d. h) El puntofestá a un potencial mayor que el puntoe. i) El puntocestá a un potencial mayor
what the point.

A light bulb is connected in the circuit illustrated in the figure. If the switch S is closed,
Does the brightness of the bulb increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain why.
Measuring Instruments
1) An ideal voltmeter V is connected to a 2.0Ω resistor, to a battery with an emf of 5.0 V and
to an internal resistance of 0.5Ω, as shown in the figure. a) What is the current in the
2.0Ω resistor? b) What is the terminal voltage of the battery? c) What is the reading on the
voltmeter? Explain your answers.

2) When the switch S in the figure is opened, the voltmeter V of the battery shows a reading of
3.08 V. When the switch is closed, the voltmeter reading drops to 2.97 V, and that of
The ammeter A is 1.65 A. Determine the electromotive force, the internal resistance of the battery and the
resistance R of the circuit. Assume that the two instruments are ideal, so they do not affect.
the circuit.

Resistors in Series and Parallel

The repair of a machine has a resistorX that protrudes through a side opening.
This resistor is connected to three other resistors, as shown in the figure. An ohmmeter
connected through red wire a reading of 2.00Ω. What is the resistance of X?

2) The figure shows a triangular arrangement of resistors. What current would this arrangement take?
from a 35.0 V battery with negligible internal resistance, if it is connected through a) ab;
b)bc; c)ac? d) If the battery has an internal resistance of 3.00Ω, what current would it draw?
arrangement if the battery were connected via debc?
3) For the circuit illustrated in the figure, determine the reading of the ideal ammeter if the
the battery has an internal resistance of 3.26Ω.

4) In the circuit of the figure, each resistor represents a light bulb. BeR1=R2=R3=R4= 4.50
Ωyε= 9.00 V. a) Calculate the current in each bulb. b) Find the power dissipated by
each bulb. Which one, or which ones, of these is (are) the brightest? c) Now it is removed the
light bulb4of the circuit, leaving a gap in the wire in the position where it was. Now,
What is the current in each of the remaining light bulbs?1,R2,R3? d) Without the light bulb4,
What is the power dissipated in each of the remaining bulbs? e) As a result of the
removal ofR4which bulb(s) shine(s) the most? Which one(s) shine(s) the least? Analyze by
there are different effects in the different light bulbs.
5) Consider the circuit in the figure. The current through the 6.00Ω resistor is 4.00 A.
the sense indicated. What are the currents through the 25.0 and 20.0Ω resistors?

6) In the circuit shown in the figure, the rate at which R1The electrical power dissipated is 20.0 W.
to obtain1yR2. b) ¿Cuál es la fem de la batería? c) Encuentre la corriente a través tanto de
R2like that of the 10.0Ω resistor. d) Calculate the total electrical power consumption in all the
resistors and the one supplied by the battery. Demonstrate that your results are consistent with the
conservation of energy

Kirchhoff's Laws
1) a) Calcule el potencial del puntoacon respecto al puntob, en la figura. b) Si los puntosayb
they connect through a wire with negligible resistance, determine the current in the
12.0 V battery.
2) In the circuit illustrated in the figure, all resistors have maximum rated power.
of 2.00 W. What is the maximum emf that the battery can have without any of
the resistors?

3) The circuit shown in the figure, known as the Wheatstone bridge, is used to
determine the value of an unknown resistor X by comparison with three resistors M, N, and P
whose resistances can be modified. For each arrangement, the resistance of each resistor is
know with precision. With the K switches1yK2closed, these resistors are modified
until the current in the galvanometer G is equal to zero; then, it is said that the bridge
it is balanced. a) Show that under this condition, the unknown resistance is given by
X=MP/N. (This method allows for very high precision when comparing resistors). b) If the
galvanometer G shows a zero deviation when M = 850.0Ω, N = 15.00Ω and
P = 33.48Ω, what is the unknown resistance X?
The figure employs a convention that is frequently used in circuit diagrams.
The battery (or another power source) is not shown explicitly. It is understood that the point
at the top, with the label “36.0 V”, is connected to the positive terminal of a
a 36.0 V battery that has negligible internal resistance, and that the symbol for 'ground' in the
the bottom is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The circuit is completed through
from the battery, even when it does not appear in the diagram. a) What is the potential difference?
VabRegarding point a with respect to point b, when is the switch S opened? b) What is the current?
What happens through switch S when it is closed? c) What is the equivalent resistance?
when is the switch S closed?

5) Consider the circuit illustrated in the figure. a) What should be the emf of the battery to
What current of 2.00 A flows through the 5.00 V battery, as shown?
battery polarity, is it correct as indicated? b) How much time is required for
Is 60.0 J of thermal energy produced in the 10.0Ω resistor?
RC Circuits
1) A capacitor with C = 1.50×10-5F connects as shown in the figure, with a resistor of
R = 980Ω and a voltage source with ε = 18.0 V and negligible internal resistance. Initially,
the capacitor is discharged and the switch S is in position 1. Then, the
the switch moves to position 2, so the capacitor begins to charge. After
that the switch has been in position 2 for 10.0 ms, the switch is taken back
to position 1, so that the capacitor starts to discharge. a) Calculate the charge on the
capacitor just before the switch is moved from position 2 to 1. b) Calculate the drop
of the voltage across the resistor and the capacitor at the moment described in part a). c) Calculate
the voltage drops across the resistor and the capacitor just after the switch is
move from position 2 to 1. d) Calculate the charge in the capacitor 10.0 ms after having
brought the switch from position 2 back to 1.

2) A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series with a source of emf. The time constant
For the circuit, it is 0.870 s. a) A second capacitor, identical to the first, is added in series.
What is the time constant for this new circuit? b) In the original circuit, one second.
capacitor, identical to the first, is connected in parallel with the first capacitor. What is the
Time constant for this new circuit?
3) An R-C circuit has a time constant RC. a) If the circuit is discharging, how much
How long will it take for the stored energy to reduce to 1/e of its initial value? b) If it is being
Loading, how much time is needed for the stored energy to reach 1/e of its value?
maximum?
4) In a strict sense, the equation = 0 − it implies that an infinite amount is required
time to completely discharge a capacitor. But for practical purposes, it can be considered
that is completely downloaded after a finite period of time. To be more
specific, consider that a capacitor with capacitance C connected to a resistor R is
totally downloaded if your charge differs from zero by no more than the charge of an electron. a)
Calculate the time required to reach that state if C = 0.920 F,R= 670 k y
Q0= 7.00 C. How many time constants does the result correspond to? b) For aQ0dad, yes the
the time required to reach that state is always the same number of constants of
time, regardless of the values of CyR? Why?
5) In the circuit of the figure, all the capacitors are initially discharged, the battery is not.
it has internal resistance, and the ammeter is ideal. Calculate the ammeter reading a)
immediately after having closed switch S and b) a long time after that
the switch was turned off.

6) The capacitor in the figure is initially discharged. The switch closes at t = 0.

a) Immediately after closing the switch, what is the current through each
resistor? b) What is the final charge on the capacitor?

7) In the circuit of the figure, the two capacitors are initially charged to 45.0 V. a) How much
Time after closing switch S, the potential across each capacitor will be reduced to
10.0 V? b) At that moment, what will be the current?
Answers
Measuring Instruments
1) a) I= 0
5.0 V
RC Circuits
c) 5.0 V
1) a) q= 133 µC
3.08 V
9.13 V
Resistors in Series and Parallel c) 8.87 V
7.5Ω d)q= 67.4 µC
3.5 A 0.435 s
b) 4.5 A 1.74 s
c) 3.15 A 3) a) =
2
d) 3.25 A 1
b) = −ln (1− )
0.769 A √
I11.50 A 31.4 constants
I2I3=I40.500 A b) Yes, it only depends on the initial charge.
b)P110.1 W 0.937 A
P2= P3=P41.12 W 0.606 A
c)I11.33 A 6) a) 8I=4.20 A,I=2.80
3 A,I=1.40
6 A

I2I30.667 A b) q = 7.2 10-5C

d)P1= 8.00 W t = 4.21 ms
P2= P3= 2.00 W b) I = 0.125 A
5)I25Ω = 7.00 A,I20Ω 9.96 A
6) a) R1= 5.00Ω,R220.0Ω
b)ε= 10.0 V
c)I10Ω= 1.00 A,I2= 0.500 A
d) P = 35.0 W = Pbattery

Kirchhoff's laws
0.22 V
b) 0.464 A
2)ε= 28.2 V
3) a) Demonstration
1897Ω
4) a) Vab-12 V
b) I = 1.71 A
c) R = 4.21 Ω
5) a) ε= -109 V, the polarity must be reversed.
b)t= 13.5 s