ma s yea

[Link] AND COORDINATION rks et r

The plant hormone whose concentration stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of 1 3 202
the shoot which is away from light is : 1/ 5
(A) Cytokinins 1/
(B) Gibberellins 1
(C) Adrenaline
(D) Auxins

ANS:D / Auxins

Plants have neither a nervous system nor muscles, even then they respond to stimuli. For 3 3 202
example, the leaves of chhui-mui (touch-me-not) plant when touched begin to fold up and 1/ 5
droop. 1/
(a) How is the information communicated in ‘‘touch-me-not’’ plants ? 1
(b) What enables the plant cells to bring out the observable response ?
(c) Differentiate the movement mentioned above from the movement of tendrils in a pea
plant.

Ans:
(a) Plant cells use electrical– chemical means to convey information. /The
information that touch has occurred must be communicated
(b) Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them
(swelling or shrinking).
(c)

Movement in touch-me-not Movement of tendrils in pea plant

Plant

It is growth independent It is growth dependent

It does not take place in the direction It takes place in the direction of
of stimulus stimulus

It is also called as nastic movement. It is also called as tropic

movement
(any other)

(Any one difference)

(a) Name the glands that secrete : 3 3 202

(i) Adrenaline 1/ 5
(ii) Thyroxin 1/
(b) Explain with example how the timing and amount of hormone released are regulated 2
in the human body.

Ans:

•​ (a) Gland that secretes

•​ (i) Adrenal gland
•​ (ii) Thyroid gland
•​ (b) If the sugar level in blood rises it is detected by cells of pancreas which responds
to produce more insulin to lower blood sugar level.
•​ As the blood sugar level falls it is detected by cells of pancreas and insulin secretion is
reduced.

A hormone ‘X’ is secreted in blood when a person is under scary situation. 3 3 202
(a) Identify the hormone ‘X’ and the gland that secretes it. 1/ 5
(b) Explain its role in dealing with scary or emergency situations. 1/
3
Ans:
(a) Adrenaline
Adrenal Gland
(b) It acts on heart. Heart beats faster, resulting in more supply of oxygen to skeletal
muscles. The blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to contraction of
muscles around small arteries in these organs. Breathing rate increases because of
contraction of diaphragm and the rib muscles.

Observe the given figures A and B. When chhui-mui (sensitive) plant is touched, its 1 3 202
leaves fold. This is due to : 1/ 5
2/
1

(A) Hormonal effect

(B) Thermal effect
(C) Change in amount of water in cells
(D) Electromagnetic effect

Ans:(C) / Change in amount of water in cells

Name the parts of hind-brain of the human brain. Which part of the hind-brain controls 2 3 202
involuntary actions such as blood pressure and salivation ? 1/ 5
2/
Ans: 1
• Pons,
Medulla,
Cerebellum
• Medulla

(a) Define hormone. 3 3 202

(b) “Hormones should be secreted in precise quantities. We have a feedback mechanism 1/ 5
through which this is done.” With the help of an example justify the statement. 2/
1
Ans:(a) Hormones are chemical messengers (substances) which regulate body
functions / Hormones are the biochemical substances produced in one part
of the body and move to the target organ or tissue to regulate body function.
(b) Example:If the sugar level in blood rises, it is detected by cells of pancreas
which respond to produce more insulin to lower blood sugar level.
As the blood sugar level falls, it is detected by the cells of pancreas and
insulin secretion is reduced.
(or any other example)

Study the given diagram and write the type of movement exhibited by : 2 2 3 202
(a) Root, and 1/ 5
(b) Shoot, 2/
mentioning the stimulus in each case. 2
Ans:(a) Root – Movement: positive geotropism; Stimulus: gravity
/
Root – Movement: negative phototropism; Stimulus: light
(b) Shoot – Movement: Negative geotropism; Stimulus: gravity
/
Shoot – Movement: positive phototropism; Stimulus: light

(a) What is meant by reflex arc ? Where are they formed in the human body ? 2 3 202
(b) Why have reflex arcs evolved in animals ? 1/ 5
2/
Ans: 2
(a) The process of detecting the signal or the input and responding to it by an output action,

/
completed quickly. Such a connection is called as reflex arc A pathway followed during
reflex action is called reflex arc./

(award mark if reflex arc is shown with a labelled diagram or a flowchart)

• Reflex arc is formed in the spinal cord.
(b) Reflex arcs have evolved in animals because the thinking process of the brain is

/
not fast enough. Brain may take longer time to respond.

A person is making a list to purchase few things from a nearby market. Explain how the 2 3 202
fore-brain plays an important role in performing this activity. 1/ 5
2/
Ans: 3

•​ Movement of voluntary muscles (walking, writing)

•​ Thinking
•​ Hearing
•​ Sight

(or any other relevant explanation)

The part of the brain which maintains the posture and balance of the body is : 1 3 202
(A) Pons (B) Cerebrum 1/ 5
(C) Cerebellum (D) Medulla 3/
1
Ans:(C) / Cerebellum

The plant hormone present in greater concentration in the areas of rapidly dividing cells 1 3 202
is: 1/ 5
(A) Auxin (B) Cytokinins 3/
(C) Gibberellins (D) Abscisic acid 1

Ans:(B) / Cytokinins

Assertion (A) : In our actions of writing or talking, our nervous system communicates with 1 3 202
the muscles. 1/ 5
Reason (R) : Cranial nerves and spinal nerves form the peripheral nervous system. 3/
1
Ans:(B) / Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).

A person while climbing up a rocky hill comes into a panic state and fear. His body starts 4 3 202
reacting in a ‘‘flight-or-flight’’ condition to adjust to the dangerous and stressful situation. 1/ 5
Based on the above facts, answer the questions that follow. 3/
(a) (i) Name the hormone secreted in the blood of the person in this situation. 2 1
OR
(a) (ii) Name the source gland of the hormone secreted in this condition. 2
(b) State any two responses in the body of the person as a result of the secretion of this
hormone. 1
(c) How does the action of the chemical signal in terms of hormones differ from the
electrical impulses via nerve cells ? 1

Ans:
(a) (i) Adrenaline
OR
(ii) Adrenal Gland
(b) Heart beat becomes faster to supply more oxygen to the muscles / blood supply to the
digestive system is reduced / blood supply to the skin is reduced / blood is diverted to the
skeletal muscles / breathing rate increases/increased contractions of diaphragm and rib
muscles.
(Any two)
(c) Chemical signal – travel through bloodstream and reach a
wide range of target cells across the body.

The growth of the pollen tubes towards ovules is an example of : 1 3 202

(A) Phototropism (B) Hydrotropism 1/ 5
(C) Geotropism (D) Chemotropism 3/
3
Ans:(D) / Chemotropism

State two limitations of electrical impulses in multicellular organisms. Why is chemical 3 3 202
communication better than electrical impulses as a means of communication between 1/ 5
cells in multicellular organisms? 4/
1
Ans:
Limitations of electrical impulse:
•​ They reach only those cells that are connected by nervous tissue, and not every cell in
the animal body.
•​ Once an electrical impulse is generated in a cell and transmitted, the cell will take
some time to reset its mechanism before it can generate and transmit a new impulse. / Takes
sometime to reset its mechanism.

(any other limitation)

•​ In chemical communication the signals (chemical compound) potentially reach all

cells of the body steadily and persistently providing the desired changes.

In life there are certain changes in the environment called ‘stimuli’ to which we respond 4 3 202
appropriately. Touching a flame suddenly is a dangerous situation for us. One way is to 1/ 5
think consciously about the possibility of burning and then moving the hand. But our body 4/
has been designed in such a way that we save ourself from such situations 1
immediately.
(i) Name the action by which we protect ourself in the situation mentioned above and
define it.
(ii) Write the role of (a) motor and (b) relay neuron.
(iii) (A) What are the two types of nervous system in human body?
Name the components of each of them.
OR
(iii) (B) Which part of the human brain is responsible for :
(a) thinking
(b) picking up a pencil
(c) controlling blood pressure
(d) controlling hunger

Ans:
(i) Reflex action.
The sudden action in response to stimuli in the environment.
(ii)
(a) Motor neuron – carries message from spinal cord to the effector organ/muscle
(b)Relay neuron – Connects sensory neuron to motor neuron.
(iii)
Central Nervous system.
Components: Brain; spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous system.
Components: cranial nerves; spinal nerves.
OR
(iii)(B)
​Fore-brain/Cerebrum
​Cerebellum / Hind-brain
​Medulla/ Hind-brain
​Fore-brain

1 3 202
1/ 5
5/
1

Which among the following is not a neural action controlled by the part of human brain
labelled ‘X’ in the figure above ?
(A) Salivation (B) Hunger
(C) Vomiting (D) Blood Pressure

Ans:(B) / Hunger

The plant hormones promoting rapid cell division in seeds and wilting of leaves 1 3 202
respectively are 1/ 5
(A) Auxins and Abscisic acid (B) Cytokinins and Abscisic acid 5/
(C) Gibberellins and Auxins (D) Abscisic acid and Gibberellins 1

Ans:(B) / Cytokinins and Abscisic acid

(a) Analyse the given situations and interpret the possible reason for each: 5 3 202
(i) Iodine deficiency in diet increases the possibility of a disease of swollen neck in a 1/ 5
person. 5/
(ii) Some people in population may have very short heights (dwarfs). 1
(iii) Thick facial hairs develop in boys at the age of 10-12 years.
(b) Explain two reasons which necessitate the need of chemical communication in
multicellular organisms.

Ans:
(a)(i) Iodine is necessary for the thyroid gland to make thyroxin hormone, its deficiency
causes goitre.
(ii)Deficiency of growth hormone in childhood causes dwarfism.
(iii)Secretion of testosterone during puberty in males.
(b) • Hormones or chemical compounds can potentially reach all cells of body steadily and
persistently.
• Hormones help to coordinate growth, development and responses to environment.

(a) Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary action. 5 3 202

(b) Define reflex action. With the help of a flow diagram, show the correct sequence of 1/ 5
path of Nerve impulse from place of its origin. 5/
1
Ans:

Apair of endocrine glands located in the human brain is 1 3 202

(A) Parathyroid and Pituitary 1/ 5
(B) Pineal and Thymus 6/
(C) Hypothalamus and Thymus 1
(D) Hypothalamus and Pineal

Ans:
(D) / Hypothalamus and Pineal

(a) How is brain protected in our body? 2 3 202

(b) A doctor finds in one of his patients that he is not maintaining a proper posture and 1/ 5
balance of his body. State the region of brain and also the part of brain which is 6/
responsible for it. 1

Ans:
(a) Brain is protected in bony box / skull / cranium / fluid filled balloon.
(b) Region of brain: Hind brain and its part is cerebellum.

The growth movements of plant parts in which the direction of the 4 3 202
stimulus determines the direction of the response is known as tropic 1/ 5
movements or tropism. Plants also have non-directional movements which 6/
may not be growth dependent. 1

(I) Name the movement which causes ‘X’ and ‘Y to grow downwards and upwards
respectively. (Refer above figure) 1
(II) Write the name of a hormone that plays a major role in (i) falling of leaves (ii) rapid cell
division 1
(III) (a) Leaves of the sensitive plant move very quickly in response to ‘touch’. How is this
stimulus of touch communicated and explain how the movement takes place. 2
OR
(III) (b) Name the plant hormone which is synthesized at the shoot tip.
How does this hormone helps the plant to bend towards light ? 2

Ans:
(I)‘X’ – Positive geotropism/ Negative Phototropism
‘Y’ – Negative geotropism / Positive Phototropism
(II) (i) Abscisic acid
(ii) Cytokinin
I​ (a)
II​ The plants use electrical- chemical means to convey information (touch) from cell to
cell.
III​ Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them, resulting in
swelling /shrinking of cells.

OR
(III) (b)
•​ Auxin
•​ When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady side
of the shoots. This concentration of Auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer, on the side of
the shoot which is away from light. Thus the plant appears to bend towards light.
A pair of endocrine glands located in the human brain is 1 3 202
(A) Parathyroid and Pituitary 1/ 5
(B) Pineal and Thymus 6/
(C) Hypothalamus and Thymus 2
(D) Hypothalamus and Pineal

Ans:
(D) / Hypothalamus and Pineal

Electrical impulse travels in a neuron from 1 3 202

(A) Nerve ending — Axon — Cell body — Dendrite 1/ 5
(B) Dendrite — Cell body — Axon — Nerve ending 6/
(C) Cell body — Dendrite — Axon — Nerve ending 3
(D) Dendrite — Axon — Nerve ending — Cell body

Ans:(B) / Dendrite → Cell body → Axon → Nerve ending

A voluntary action such as writing on a paper is controlled by the part of brain called 1 3 202
(A) Cerebrum (B) Cerebellum 1/ 5
(C) Pons (D) Medulla B

ANS:
(A)/ Cerebrum

The plant part/parts having greater concentration of cytokinins is/are 1 3 202

(A) fruits only (B) leaves 1/ 5
(C) fruits and seeds (D) seeds and leaves B

ANS:
(C)/ fruits and seeds

(a) What is a synapse ? How is an electrical impulse created in a nerve cell and what is 3 3 202
the role of synapse in this context? 1/ 5
B
Ans:

​• Synapse is the functional gap/junction between two neurons.

• The information is acquired at the dendritic tip of a nerve cell, which sets off a chemical
reaction that creates an electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell
body, and then along the axon to its end.
•​ At the end of the axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of some chemicals,
which cross the gap, or synapse,

•​ electrical impulse in a dendrite of the next neuron

Name the source of secretion and one function each of the following animal hormones : 3 3 202
(i) Thyroxin 1/ 5
(ii) Insulin B
(iii) Growth hormone

Ans:
What are plant hormones ? Where are they synthesised ? What happens when a growing 3 3 202
plant detects light ? 1/ 5
B
Ans:
• Plant hormones are chemical substances which are produced in
plants, regulating one or more physiological processes / help to
coordinate growth, development and responses to the
environment.
• They are synthesized in plants at places away from where they
act and simply diffuse to the area of action.
• A hormone called auxin synthesized at the shoot tips helps the
cells to grow longer. When light is coming from one side of a plant, auxin diffuses
towards the shady side of the shoot. This stimulates the cells to grow longer on the
side of the shoot which is away from the light. Thus, plants bend towards the light.

In a nerve cell, the site where the electrical impulse is converted into a 1 3 202
chemical signal is known as : 1/ 4
(a) Axon 1/
(b) Dendrites 1
(c) Neuromuscular junction
(d) Cell body

Ans:
(c) /Neuromuscular junction

(A) How is the movement of leaves of a sensitive plant different from the downward 2 3 202
movement of the roots ? 1/ 4
1/
Ans: 1
There is a hormone which regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in our 2 3 202
body. Name the hormone and the gland which secretes it. Why is it important for us to 1/ 4
have iodised salt in our diet? 1/
1
Ans:

•​ Thyroxine
•​ Thyroid gland
•​ Iodine is necessary for thyroid gland to make thyroxine hormone. Deficiency of iodine
in our diet causes goitre.

Define reflex action. With the help of a flow chart show the path of a reflex action such as 3 3 202
sneezing. 1/ 4
1/
Ans: 1

(A) In which region of the brain is (i) medulla and (ii) cerebrum located ? 2 3 202
State one function of each. 1/ 4
1/
Ans: 2
(A)
Medulla – Hindbrain
Function– Control blood pressure/salivation/vomiting or any other
Cerebrum – Forebrain
Function–Thinking/intelligence/memory
(any other)

Name a hormone that promotes the growth of tendrils and explain how they help a pea 2 3 202
plant to climb up other plants. 1/ 4
1/
Ans: 2
(B)Auxins
•​ When tendril of pea plant comes in contact with any support, the part of the tendril in
contact with the object does not grow as rapidly as part of the tendril away from it. This
causes the tendril to circle around the object and cling to it.

(i) Write the significance of peripheral nervous system in human 2 3 202

beings. 1/ 4
(ii) How is human brain protected from mechanical injuries and 1/
shocks ? 3

Ans:
(A)
(i)The communication between the central nervous system and the other parts of the body is
facilitated by the peripheral nervous systems.
(ii) protected in a bony box/skull//cranium/fluid filled balloon like structure which
provides shock absorption.

Name one directional growth movement each in response to 2 3 202

chemicals and water in plants. Write an example for each of them. 1/ 4
1/
Ans: 3
(B) Chemotropism ;
eg. growth of pollen tubes towards the ovules.
Hydrotropism ;
eg. growth of roots towards water.

Select out of the following a gland which does NOT occur as a pair in the human body : 1 3 202
(A) Pituitary (B) Ovary 1/ 4
(C) Testis (D) Adrenal 2/
1
Ans:(A) /Pituitary

(i) Distinguish between hormonal co-ordination in plants and animals. 5 3 202

(ii) Which part of the brain is responsible for — 1/ 4
(1) intelligence 2/
(2) ridia bnicgycl e 1
(3) vomiting
(4) controlling hunger
(iii) How is brain and spinal-cord protected against mechanical injuries ?

Ans:

What are tropic movements ? Give an example of a plant hormone which (1) inhibits 5 3 202
growth and (2) promotes cell division. 1/ 4
(ii) Explain directional movement of a tendril in pea plant in response to touch. Name the 2/
hormone responsible for this movement. 1

Ans:

(​ i) Plant growth movements in response to stimuli in a particular

direction/directional movements due to light, gravity etc.
(1) Plant growth inhibitor: Abscisic Acid
(2) Promotes cell division – Cytokinins
(ii) When the tendrils come in contact with any support, auxins move away from the point of
contact of the support. More growth occurs on the side away from the support. As a result,
unequal growth occurs on its two sides and thus tendrils coil/ circle around the support.
• Auxins

Select from the following a plant hormone which promotes cell division. 1 1 3 202
(A) Gibberellins (B) Auxins 1/ 4
(C) Abscissic Acid (D) Cytokinins 3/
1
Ans:
(D) / Cytokinins

Where are auxins synthesized ? How do they promote phototropism ? 2 3 202

1/ 4
Ans: 3/
1
•​ Synthesized at shoot tip/root tip
•​ When light falls on one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady side of
shoot. The concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of shoot
which is away from light. Thus plant appears bent towards light/phototropism.

(a) List two constituents of Central Nervous System (CNS). How are these components 3 3 202
protected from injuries ? 1/ 4
(b) Write two limitations of the use of electrical impulses. 3/
1
Ans:
(a) Constituents:- Brain and Spinal cord.
Protection:- Brain – Bony box/in skull/Cranium/fluid filled balloon.
Spinal Cord – Vertebral column.
(b) Limitations :
(i) They will reach only those cells that are connected by nervous tissue, not each and every
cell in the animal body.
(ii) Once an electrical impulse is generated in a cell and transmitted, the cell will take some
time to reset its mechanisms before it can generate and transmit a new impulse.
(Any other)

Assertion (A) : Receptors are usually located in our sense organs and perceive a 1 3 202
particular stimulus. 1/ 4
Reason (R) : Different sense organs have different receptors for detecting stimuli. 3/
2
Ans:
(B) / Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)

Where are auxins synthesized ? How do they promote phototropism ? 2 3 202

1/ 4
Ans: 3/
•​ Synthesized at shoot tip/root tip 2
•​ When light falls on one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady side of
shoot. The concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of shoot
which is away from light. Thus, plant appears bent towards light/phototropism.

Write the name and location of a hormone which helps a person to respond when chased 3 3 202
by a dog. Mention the responses in the body which help him to deal with the situation. 1/ 4
3/
Ans: 3
• Name:- Adrenaline
• Location:- Adrenal gland
• Responses :
Heart beats faster resulting in supply of more oxygen to our muscles. Blood to the
digestive system is reduced due to contraction of muscles around small arteries.
Breathing rate increases due to the contractions of diaphragm and rib muscles.

A plant growth inhibitor hormone which causes wilting of leaves is called : 1 3 202
(A) Auxin (B) Cytokinin 1/ 4
(C) Abscisic acid (D) Gibberellin 4/
1
Ans:(C)/Abscisic acid

(i) Define a reflex arc. Why have reflex arcs evolved in animals ? Trace the sequence of 5 3 202
events which occur, when you suddenly touch a hot object. 1/ 4
(ii) Name the part of nervous system which helps in communication between the central 4/
nervous system and other parts of the [Link] are the two components of this system 1
?

Ans:
(i) • The pathway in which impulses travel during the reflex action is called a
reflex arc.

• Because the thinking part of the brain is not fast enough/for quick
response to avoid injury.
• Reflex arc :
(ii) Peripheral Nervous System
Components : Cranial Nerves; Spinal Nerves

(i) Leaves of chhui-mui plant begin to fold up and droop in response to a stimulus. Name 5 3 202
the stimulus and write the cause for such a rapid movement. Is there any growth 1/ 4
involved in the movement ? 4/
(ii) Define geotropism in plants. What is meant by positive and negative geotropism ? 1
Give one example of each type.

Ans:
(i) •Touch
• The shape of the leaves changes by changing the amount of water in
them.
• No
(ii) Growth of a part of plant in response to the pull of earth or gravity is called
geotropism.
•​ Positive geotropism − Movement of plant part towards the earth gravity. Example − Roots
grow downwards
•​ Negative geotropism − Movement of plant part away from the force of gravity. Example −
Shoots grow upwards.

1 3 202
1/ 4
5/
1

Ans:
(C)/ Receptors in skin →Sensory neuron →Relay neuron → Motor neuron→ Effector muscle
in arm.

Taking the example of any two animal hormones along with their gland of 3 3 202
secretion, explain how these hormones help (i) in growth and development 1/ 4
and (ii) regulate metabolism, in the body. 5/
1
Ans:

(i) •Growth hormone

•Secreted by pituitary gland.

•It stimulates growth in all organs.
(ii) •Thyroxin

•Secreted by thyroid gland.

•It regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism for body growth.

Identify an involuntary action from the following : 1 3 202

(A) Riding a bicycle 1/ 4
(B) Picking up a pencil 5/
(C) Regular beating of heart 2
(D) Walking in a straight line

Ans:
C)/Regular beating of heart

Name a plant growth hormone synthesized at the shoot tip. Explain its 3 3 202
effect on the growth of a plant in response to light. 1/ 4
5/
Ans: 3
• Auxin
• When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin located at shoot tip diffuses towards
the shaded side of the shoot.
• Concentration of auxin in the shaded region stimulates the cells to grow longer as
compared to the region exposed to light. So the plant tends to bend towards the light

In a nerve cell (neuron), the conversion of electrical signal to chemical signal occurs in/at 1 3 202
: 1/ 4
(A) dendritic end B
(B) cell body
(C) axon
(D) axonal end

ANS:
(D)/ Axonal end

Name the part of human brain which is responsible for the following actions : 2 3 202
(i) Thinking 1/ 4
(ii) Blood pressure B
(iii) Maintaining posture and balance
(iv) Salivation

ANS:
(i) Thinking – Forebrain / Cerebrum
(ii) Blood pressure – Medulla/hindbrain
(iii) Maintaining posture and balance – Cerebellum/ hindbrain
(iv) Salivation – Medulla/hindbrain

Name the organ/part of a plant which shows : 2 3 202

(i) Positive hydrotropism 1/ 4
(ii) Positive phototropism B
(iii) Negative geotropism
(iv) Positive chemotropism
ANS:
(i) Roots
(ii) Shoots
(iii) Shoots
(iv) Growth of the pollen tube towards the ovule /Roots towards
useful minerals

Name the (i) hormone released, and the (ii) gland which secretes it in human beings 3 3 202
during scary situations. 1/ 4
Explain how our body responds to enable it to deal with such situations. B

ANS:

(​ i) Adrenaline
​(ii) Adrenal gland

​ eart beats faster; resulting in supply of more oxygen to our muscles

H
​Blood to digestive system is reduced; due to contraction of muscles around small arteries.
​Breathing rate increases; due to contraction of diaphragm and rib muscles.

(Any two)

Name the plant growth hormone which is synthesized at the shoot tip. Explain why the 3 3 202
shoot of a potted plant bends towards light coming from a window 1/ 4
B
ANS:

​ uxin
A
​In the presence of light coming from one direction, auxin diffuses towards shady side of the
shoot.
​This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of shoot which is
away from the light