ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP KIỂM TRA CUỐI KÌ 2 – ANH 10

UNIT 9: PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

A. VOCABULARY:
Từ vựng Từ loại Phiên âm IPA Nghĩa
1. assignment (n) /əˈsaɪnmənt/ Bài tập, dự án
2. average (n) /ˈævərɪdʒ/ Trung bình
3. aware of (v) /əˈwer əv/ Nhận thức về
4. awareness (n) /əˈwernəs/ Sự nhận thức
5. balance (n) /ˈbæləns/ Sự cân bằng
6. behaviour (n) /bɪˈheɪvjɚ/ Hành vi
7. biodiversity (n) /ˌbaɪ.oʊ.dɪˈvɝː.sə.t̬i/ Sự đa dạng sinh học
8. cancer (n) /ˈkænsɚ/ Bệnh ung thư
9. combine (v) /kəmˈbaɪn/ Kết hợp
10. come up with (v) /kʌm ʌp wɪθ/ Nghĩ ra
11. consequences (n) /ˈkɑːnsəkwənsɪz/ Hậu quả
12. cut down (v) /kʌt daʊn/ Chặt cây
13. deforestation (n) /diːˌfɔːrəˈsteɪʃən/ Nạn phá rừng
14. deliver (v) /dɪˈlɪvɚ/ Vận chuyển
15. disappearance (n) /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns/ Sự biến mất
16. disease (n) /dɪˈziːz/ Bệnh tật
17. ecosystem (n) /ˈiːkoʊˌsɪstəm/ Hệ sinh thái
18. effort (n) /ˈefɚt/ Nổ lực
19. endangered (adj) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒɚd/ Bị nguy hiểm
20. environmental (adj) /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈment̬əl/ (thuộc) môi trường
21. essay (n) /ˈeseɪ/ Bài luận
22. global (adj) /ˈɡloʊbəl/ (thuộc) toàn cầu
23. habitat (n) /ˈhæbətæt/ Môi trường sống
24. heatwave (n) /ˈhiːtˌweɪv/ Sóng nhiệt
25. identify (v) /aɪˈdent̬əfaɪ/ Nhận dạng
26. illegal (adj) /ɪˈliːɡəl/ Trái phép
27. impact (n, v) /ˈɪmpækt/ ảnh hưởng
28. importance (n) /ɪmˈpɔːrtəns/ Sự quan trọng
29. issue (n) /ˈɪʃuː/ Vấn đề
30. legal (adj) /ˈliːɡəl/ Hợp pháp
31. lung (n) /lʌŋ/ Phổi
32. movement (n) /ˈmuːvmənt/ Sự di chuyển, bước tiến
33. organise (v) /ˈɔːrɡənaɪz/ Tổ chức
34. present (v) /ˈprezənt/ Thuyết trình
35. prevent (v) /prɪˈvent/ Ngăn chặn
36. process (n) /ˈprɑːses/ Quá trình
37. protection (n) /prəˈtekʃən/ Sự bảo vệ
38. range (n) /reɪndʒ/ Khoảng, giới hạn
39. research (v) /ˈriːsɝːtʃ/ Tìm kiếm
40. respiratory (adj) /ˈrespərətɔːri/ (thuộc) hệ hô hấp
41. rhythm (n) /ˈrɪð.əm/ Giai điệu
42. soil (n) /sɔɪl/ Mảnh đất
43. solution (n) /əˈluːʃən/ Sự giải quyết
44. strict (adj) /strɪkt/ Nghiêm khắc
45. substance (n) /ˈsʌbstəns/ Sự vững vàng
46. territory (n) /ˈterətɔːri/ Lãnh thổ
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47. topic (n) /ˈtɑːpɪk/ Chủ đề
48. unnecessary (adj) /ʌnˈnesəseri/ Không cần thiết
49. upset (v) /ʌpˈset/ Làm thất vọng
B. GRAMMAR:
I. NHỮNG THAY ĐỔI KHI CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP:
- Đại từ và tính từ sở hữu:
Loại câu Trong câu trực tiếp Trong câu tường thuật
Đại từ nhân xưng I He, she
We They
You I, We
Đại từ sở hữu Mine His, hers
Ours Theirs
Yours Mine, Ours
Tính từ sở hữu My His, her
Our Their
Your My, Our
Tân ngữ Me Him, her
Us Them
You Me, us
- Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian:
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Now Then
Today That day
Yesterday The day before/ the previous day
The day before yesterday Two days before
Tomorrow The day after/the next (following)
day
Ago Before
This week That week
Last week The week before/ the previous
week
Last night The night before
Next week The week after/ the following
week
- Các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn:
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
This That
These Those
Here There
- Lùi thì
 Hiện tại đơn  Quá khứ đơn
 Hiện tại tiếp diễn  Quá khứ tiếp diễn
 Hiện tại hoàn thành  Quá khứ hoàn thành
 Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn  Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
 Quá khứ đơn  Quá khứ hoàn thành
 Quá khứ tiếp diễn  Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
 Động từ khiếm khuyết: Can  Could, shall  should, must = have to  had to,…

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II. CÁC DẠNG CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT:
1. Statements (câu nói thông thường):
* Công thức S + said (to + O) + (that) + S + V

* Các động từ tường thuật: said , told, thought, announced, believed…

Ví dụ :
1. The government said “We WILL do more to protect the environment”
 The government told that they WOULD do more to protect the environment.
2. She said “These documents BELONGS to Minh Phat.”
 She said that those documents BELONGED to Minh Phat.
2. Questions (câu hỏi):
* Các động từ tường thuật: asked, wanted to know, wondered,….
* Công thức:
a. Yes/ no questions (câu hỏi dạng yes/no):
S + asked + (O) + if /whether + S +V
Ví dụ :
1. The teacher asked us “Do you SEE the biodiversity of this school garden?”
 The teacher asked us IF/WHETHER we SAW the biodiversity of that school garden.
2. The man asked Lan “WILL you join in my volunteer club?”
 The man asked Lan that IF/WHETHER she WOULD join in his volunteer club.
b. Wh-questions (câu hỏi có từ để hỏi):
*Ghi chú: Wh-word (từ để hỏi)  what, where, when, why, how, who, …
S + asked + (O) + wh-word + S + V
1. The students asked their teacher “Why SHOULD we protect the environment?”
 The students asked their teacher why they SHOULD protect the environment.
2. They asked “Where WILL we do the volunteer work?”
 They wanted to know where they WOULD do the volunteer work.
C. EXERCISES:
I-PRONUNCIATION:
E1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. contaminate B. deforest C. pollute D. protect
Question 2: A. meaning B. greater C. heatwave D. clearing
Question 3: A. protection B. control C. pollution D. forest
Question 4: A. biodiversity B. climate C. gorilla D. giant
Question 5: A. book B. look C. flood D. good
Question 6: A. gorilla B. environment C. consequence D. respiratory
Question 7: A. tortoise B. ecosystem C. biodiversity D. promotion
Question 8: A. identify B. practical C. habitat D. respiratory
Question 9: A. extreme B. excellent C. execute D. exercise
Question 10: A. discuss B. issue C. fossil D. classroom
Question 11: A. pesticide B. impact C. focus D. practical
E2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. balance B. issue C. panda D. extreme
Question 2: A. upset B. tortoise C. wildlife D. heatwave
Question 3: A. serious B. influence C. energy D. pollutant
Question 4: A. promote B. support C. research D. nature
Question 5: A. aware B. protect C. impact D. danger
Question 6: A. solution B. habitat C. endangered D. awareness
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Question 7: A.combine B. harmful C. disease D. destroy
Question 8: A. disappear B. average C. consequence D. negative
Question 9: A. awareness B. illegal C. importance D. atmosphere
Question 10: A. environmentB. electrical C. ecosystem D. material
Question 11: A. natural B. chemical C. atmosphere D. solution
II-VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR:
E3: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 1: ___________is the gradual increase of temperature on the earth's surface due to
greenhouse effect.
A. Global warming B. Climate change C. Natural habitats D. Extreme weather
Question 2: Air pollution is a major ___________that has serious effects on our health.
A. measure B. solution C. issue D. sewage
Question 3: Some animals lose their habitats because of ___________.
A. habitat B. energy C. deforestation D. biodiversity
Question 4: Although we are aware _______ the importance of environment, we still overexploit it.
A. from B. on C. for D. of
Question 5: Do you think we are doing enough to ____________ wild animals?
A. prevent B. protect C. promote D. predict
Question 6: Many ________ animals have been saved thanks to community efforts.
A. dangerous B. endangered C. generous D. natural
Question 7: We should _________action to protect endangered animals.
A. take B. get C. make D. do
Question 8: The loss of forests can destroy the natural soil and lead __________climate change.
A. for B. to C. off D. down
Question 9: There will be ____, too. Some areas will become wetter while others will become much
drier.
A. weather changes B. weather forecasts C. climatic changes D. climate changes
Question 10: “What was the weather like here” - "It was very sunny and hot. We had a bit of a
______________”
A. blance B. diversity C. habitat D. heatwave
Question 11: Global warming is the rise in the _________temperature of the earth's atmosphere.
A. average B. normal C. casual D. polluted
Question 12: Earth Hour _________attention to climate change and global energy issues, and
promotes green activities worldwide.
A. attracts B. draws C. paints D. writes
Question 13: There are lots of things we can all do to ____ the environment.
A. enhance B. protect C. make D. build
Question 14: The gradual rise in the Earth's temperature is known as ____.
A. greenhouse effect B. global warming C. ozone layer D. acid rain
Question 15: All the different plants and animals in a natural community are in a state of __________.
A. peace B. balance C. energy D. pollution
Question 16: Air pollution is a ________of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories, aircraft
and rockets.
A. product B. example C. harm D. consequence
Question 17: Air pollution is a ___________ problem in many major cities.
A. practical B. global C. serious D. endangered
Question 18: Global warming is making _________weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts.
A. extreme B. positive C. sustainable D. climatic
Question 19: Thousands of acres of forest are being cut down every year and the ____ of many
animals are being destroyed.
A. natural resources B. natural habitats C. ways of life D. living surroundings
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Question 20: Holding World Environment Day is one of the ways the United Nations uses to advocate
for environmental ____ and call for political action.
A. experience B. protection C. decrease D. pollution
Question 21: The organisation focuses _______protecting the natural habitats of rare animals.
A. in B. for C. to D. on
Question 22: The council has _____________ ideas to help manage traffic.
A. come up with B. taken part in C. made up with D. raised awareness of
Question 23: The loss of forests can damage the natural habitats of many animals and put wildlife
_______danger.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
Question 24: We had a discussion about _________ warming this morning.
A. global B. natural C. extreme D. negative
Question 25: High levels of pollution can upset the ____________ of an ecosystem.
A. average B. substance C. reason D. balance
Question 26: Greenpeace is an international group that protests against anything which is a ____ to the
environment.
A. threat B. threaten C. threatening D. threatener
Question 27: Scientists think that wild animals must ____________ in their natural habitats.
A. keep B. to keep C. be keeping D. be kept
Question 28: Pollution can have serious effects_________ the balance of ecosystem.
A. in B. on C. to D. for
Question 29: We need to be _________ of enviromental problems so that we can find ways to protect
nature.
A. aware B. calm C. kind D. willing
Question 30: __________ is mainly caused by waste gases that come out of vehicles, machines or
factories.
A. Water pollution B. Air pollution C. Noise pollution D. Soil pollution
Question 31: Environmentalists are furious with the American Government for delaying measures
which will reduce greenhouse gas ____.
A. exhaust fumes B. smokes C. wastes D. emissions
Question 32: There’s been a ____ in Germany and a village was completely destroyed.
A. flood B. drizzle C. shower D. smog
Question 33: We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious of forests.
A. destroy B. destructive C. destruction D. destructor
Question 34: Illegal trade in animal body _________ can lead to the disappearance of many animals
A. parts B. sections C. kinds D. sorts
Question 35: During the last hundred years we have done great ____ to the environment.
A. injury B. pollution C. damage D. hurt
Question 36: The problems of pollution call for a prompt from the government.
A. act B. action C. acting D. active
Question 37: If government don't ____ global warming, more natural disasters will occur.
A. achieve B. promote C. discourage D. prevent
Question 38: The loss of forests can have a ________impact on the environment.
A. positive B. giant C. negative D. practical
Question 39: Environmental pollution is becoming an ____ serious problem that needs to be taken
care of as soon as possible.
A. increasingly B. increasing C. increase D. increased
Question 40: Fish and poultry have a much lower impact the environment, and other plant proteins are
even less damaging the planet.
A. Ø - for B. on - to C. on - with D. of - to

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Question 41: We are aware of the _______ of natural resources. We should save them for future use.
A. poison B. preservation C. usage D. exploitation
Question 42: They have built a particular reserve which is suitable _______ pandas.
A. at B. upon C. in D. for
Question 43: Forest dwellers had always hunted the local _______ but their needs had been small.
A. wildlife B. commerce C. reserve D. generation
Question 44: She is a famous .She tries her best to protect rare animals from extinction.
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentalist D. environmentally
Question 45: They are asking for public donations to protect some certain wild animals dying out.
A. from B. for C. with D. up
Question 46: More and more rare animals are danger of extinction.
A. for B. on C.at D. in
Question 47: Ba said he__________ some good marks the semester before.
A. gets B. got C. had gotten D. have got
Question 48: They told their parents that they___________ their best to do the test.
A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try
Question 49: She asked me where I___________ from.
A. come B. coming C. to come D. came
Question 50: The mother asked her son _______.
A. where he had been B. whether I had been C. where has he been D. where had he been
Question 51: Martin asked me _______.
A. how is my father B. how my father is C. how was my father D. how my father was
Question 52: The host asked Peter _______ tea or coffee.
A. whether he preferred B. that he preferred C. did he prefer D. if he prefers
Question 53: Andrew told me that they _______ fish two _______ days.
A. have not eaten / ago B. had eaten/ previous C. did not eat / before D. would not eat / last
Question 54: Jason told me that he _______ his best in the exam the _______ day.
A. had done / following B. will do / previous C. would do/ following D. was going / previous
Question 55: John asked me _______ in English.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
Question 56: Jack asked me _____.
A. where do you come from? B. where I come from
C. where I came from D. where did I come from?
Question 57: She asked me _____ I liked pop music.
A. when B. what C. if D. x
Question 58: I asked him______________,but he said nothing.
A. what's the matter was B. what was the matter
C. what the matter was D. the matter was what
E4: Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in capitals
Question 1: Animals should be kept in their _________________________ habitats. (NATURE)
Question 2: Habitats of ____________ animals are damaged by human activities. (ENDANGER)
Question 3: 3. Many endangered animals are at risk of disappearing due to habitat
___________________________ and illegal hunting. (LOSE)
Question 4: The presentation focused on ____________________________________ protection and
climate change. (ENVIRONMENT)
Question 5: _______________________________________ hunting can cause pain and suffering to
wild animals, and destroy animal families. (LEGAL)
Question 6: You should never buy ________________ made from endangered animals. (PRODUCE)
Question 7: __________________________ is a serious environmental problem in many parts of the
world. (DEFOREST)
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Question 8: ____________________________ is important because plants and animals depend on
each other to survive. (DIVERSE)
Question 9: A new series of educational programmes shows the __________________________ of
wildlife to humans. (IMPORTANT)
Question 10: Earth Hour has grown to become an international _____________________________
for the environment. (MOVE)
Question 11: Habitat ___________________________ is the process by which a natural habitat
becomes incapable of supporting its native species. (DESTROY)
Question 12: The protection and _________________________ of the environment is one of the most
important issues facing humankind today. (PRESERVE)
Question 13: Researchers are finding that sometimes a ______________________ to an
environmental problem can cause trouble in another area. (SOLVE)
E5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Question 1: My friend said she would take part in a go-green event the following week.
A. participate in B. look after C. get on with D. carry out
Question 2: She wanted to know if giant pandas were still endangered.
A. strong B. much C. large D. flooded
Question 3: Air pollution is a major cause of respiratory diseases or even lung cancer.
A. reason B. right C. action D. sorrow
Question 4: Many schools provide environmental education to increase students' awareness of
conservation needs.
A. effort B. benefit C. exploitation D. knowledge
Question 5: Many species have become extinct each year before biologists can identify them.
A. destroy B. drain C. endanger D. discover
Question 6: Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife.
A. organization B. contamination C. protection D. damage
Question 7: Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken.
A. vanishing B. damaging C. polluting D. destroying
Question 8: Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil
for agriculture.
A. destruction B. contamination C. fertilizer D. variety
Question 9: The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss.
A. reserve B. generation C. natural environment D. diversity
Question 10: It is found that endangered species are often concentrated in areas that are poor and
densely populated, such as much of Asia and Africa
A. disappeared B. increased C. threatened D. reduced
Question 11: Overpopulation in big cities has severely affected the air and water quality.
A. seriously B. insignificantly C. largely D. commonly
E6: Change the sentences into the reported speech.
Question 1: Mr Jones was very sad and said "All this rubbish is killing fish and other sea
creatures."

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 2: "We can clean the beach together." said Nick.
 ____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 3: "I'll ask our friends and neighbours to come and help us" Mary said to them.
 ____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 4: "I'm so happy to hear that, children" Mr Jones said to his children.

_____________________________________________________________________________.

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Question 5: Tony said "The disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans leads to water
pollution."

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 6: Mary said "Loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway
nearby cause noise pollution."

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 7: Mai said "The rising sea level is product of global warming, a natural phenomenon.
The only unnatural thing about global warming is the accelerated rate at which it is happening."

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 8: Linda said "Environmental pollution is an impact of human activities on the
environment."

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 9: Mr Jones gave the people gloves and said to them: "Protect yourselves from germs."

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 10: Nam said, "The environment is severely affected by pollution."

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 11: Mai said, "The burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution."

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 12: Peter said, "Intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil
contaminated."

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 13: "It's confusing because there are too many web pages about the environment" Nam
said.

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 14: "Air pollution is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect" scientists said.

_____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 15: "Pollution is one of the problems in my neighbourhood" Nam said.

_____________________________________________________________________________.
III-READING:
E7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions
Climate change is one of the most intuitive changes in global warming. As a
result of a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions, there is a sharp rise in
high-temperature weather, which has an irreversible impact on our environment
and ecology. Scientists say, “Changing weather patterns linked to rising global
temperatures have resulted in a dearth of wind across northern China, according
to several recent studies, exacerbating a wave of severe pollution that has been blamed for millions of
premature deaths”. However, when I returned home last Christmas, there was no snow on the street,
instead, it was a warm winter with sunshine. The continued of global warming may not only bring
about changes in climate. The world may undergo more unpredictable changes due to global warming
in the future.
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Global climate change has seriously affected the living environment of
animals, the change of climate, the quality of human life, and the threat to
human security. Global warming has become a very difficult trend to reverse. It
and rising temperatures have caused very serious consequences for human
beings, brought great impact on the Earth’s organisms and seriously affected
people’s lives, but people didn’t realize the seriousness of the problem. It is urgent to
protect the environment and people should take active measures to deal with it.
Question 1: What could be the best title for the passage?
A. The Protection of Ozone Layer to Earth B. Climate Change and Global Warming
C. The History of Ozone Development D. The Destruction if Animals’ Habitat
Question 2: The word “which” in paragraph 1 refers to _______.
A. a wave of severe pollution B. a sharp rise in high-temperature weather
C. a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions D. a great impact on the earth’s organism
Question 3: The word “reverse” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. turn right B. reduce more C. change to opposite D. increasing sharply
Question 4: According to the passage, all of the following are the impacts of climate change and
global warming EXCEPT _______
A. exacerbating a wave of severe pollution B. improving the quality of human life
C. threatening human security D. bringing about serious changes in climate
Question 5: According to recent studies, millions of premature deaths are caused by _______.
A. living environment B. active measures C. rising temperature D. severe pollution
E8: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions
The costs and benefits of global warming will vary greatly from area to area. For
moderate climate change, the balance can be difficult to assess. But the larger the change
in climate, the more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will
probably make life harder, not easier, for most people This is mainly because we have
already built enormous infrastructure based on the climate we now have.
People in some temperate zones may benefit from milder winters, more abundant rainfall, and
expanding crop production zones. But people in other areas will suffer from increased heat waves,
coastal erosion, rising sea le more erratic rainfall, and droughts.
The crops, natural vegetation, and domesticated and wild animals (including
seafood) that sustain people in a given area may be unable to adapt to local or
regional changes in climate. The ranges of diseases and insect pests that are limited
by temperature may expand, if other environmental conditions are also favourable.
In its summary report on the impacts of climate change, the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated, "Taken as a whole, the range
of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant
and to increase over time.”
Question 1: What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Environment pollution is real. B. Reasons why low-lying areas are flooded.
C. Solutions to global warming. D. Reasons why global warming is a problem.
Question 2: Which of the following is TRUE as the result of global warming?
A. All people suffer from global warming. B. All people benefit from global warming.
C. Life is more difficult for the majority of people. D. Life is easier for most
people.
Question 3: In paragraph 1, the word “this” refers to ____.
A. harder life as a result of global warming B. easier life as a result of global warming
C. climate change on global scale D. flood in low-lying areas
Question 4: In paragraph 2, the word “erratic” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. predictable B. unpredictable C. changeable D. unchangeable
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Question 5: According to the passage, all of the following are the results of global warming EXCEPT
____.
A. higher temperature B. coastal erosion
C. increasing sea level D. stable rainfall
Question 6: What may happen to diseases and insect pests as a result of global warming?
A. They will become extinct. B. They will increase in number.
C. They will not harm our planet. D. They will be under good control.
E9: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions
For many years, scientists have been arguing about global warming. While they
don't all agree about what this might mean for Planet Earth, many think it is going on -
and that we can do something about it. We need a few more years to gather facts
before anyone can say for sure. But people need to start now to do things to stop it.
There are many types of gases in our atmosphere. Some of them absorb the heat
from the sun and control our climate. "Greenhouse gases” are those that hold the heat around the
planet's surface. When we increase the level of these gases, we upset the balance. These extra gases
trap even more heat.
Some scientists say global warming has already started to change the
environment. The Earth's temperature has risen one degree Fahrenheit this
century. Many scientists believe it could rise from two to eight degrees
Fahrenheit in the next hundred years. This would be the fastest rise in 10,000
years.
Sea levels could rise. Ice sheets could melt and add to the water level. Many places near the coast
would be in danger of flooding. If the climate change is too large and too fast, some plants and animals
could really suffer. They could even die out. Weather could become more violent and extreme. In
some places there would be more forest fires. But in other areas there would be more rain and snow,
storms and floods.
(Adapted from nytimes.com/article/climate-change-global-warming-fag.html)
Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?
A. Global warming and its negative effects. B. Global warming and forest fires.
C. Global warming and suggested solutions. D. Global warming and its advantages.
Question 2: According to the passage, gases control our climate by _______
A. increasing its level B. absorbing the heat
C. changing the environment D. upsetting the balance
Question 3: The word "it" in paragraph 3 refers to _______
A. century B. global warming C. temperature D. environment
Question 4: The word "extreme" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______
A. severe B. gentle C. quiet D. peaceful
Question 5: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage!
A. Climate change would cause forest fires everywhere.
B. Scientists have all agreed about global warming.
C. The gases we increase trap even more heat.
D. Scientists say that global warming can never change the environment.
E10: Read the passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks

Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate.
Many scientists (1) _____________the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's
(2) ________ and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is (3) ______ risk from the
Ngocmai Trang 10
forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather
events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more (4) _____________and causing sea levels all
around the world to rise.
(5) ______________ groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide which is given (6) _____________by factories and power plants, thus
attacking the problem at its source. They are in favor of more money being spent on research into solar,
wind and wave energy devices, (7) _____________ could then replace existing power station.
Some scientists, (8) _____________, believe that even if we stopped (9) __________ carbon
dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to
notice the (10) __________. Global warming, it seems, is to stay.
Question 1: A. give B. put C. take D. have
Question 2: A. heat B. temperatures C. degree D. climate
Question 3: A. in B. on C. be D. at
Question 4: A. EnvironmentB. Environmentally C. Environmental D. Environmentalist
Question 5: A. strict B. severe C. strong D. healthy
Question 6: A. off B. away C. up D. over
Question 7: A. that B. which C. what D. who
Question 8: A. but B. although C. despite D. however
Question 9: A. to release B. releases C. releasing D. to releasing
Question 10: A. results B. consequences C. effects D. outcomes

=============================================================================
UNIT 10: ECOTOURISM
A. VOCABULARY:
Từ vựng Từ loại Phiên âm IPA Nghĩa
1. action (n) /ˈækʃən/ Hành động
2. attraction (n) /əˈtrækʃən/ Sự thu hút
3. business (n) /ˈbɪznɪs/ Việc kinh doanh
4. collection (n) /kəˈlekʃən/ Bộ sưu tập
5. coral (n) /ˈkɔːrəl/ San hô
6. craft (v) /kræft/ Làm thủ công
7. craftsmen (v) /ˈkræfts.mən/ Thợ thủ công
8. dive (v) /daɪv/ Lặn biển
9. documentary (n) /ˌdɑːkjəˈment̬ɚi/ Phim tài liệu
10. eco-friendly (adj) /iː.koʊ-ˈfrendli/ Thân thiện môi trường
11. ecotour (n) /iː.koʊ tʊər/ Du lịch than thiện môi trường
12. equipment (n) /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ Trang bị
13. experience (n) /ɪkˈspɪriəns/ Trải nghiệm
14. explore (v) /ɪkˈsplɔːr/ Khám phá
15. fieldtrip (n) /fieldtrip/ Chuyến đi
16. handmade (adj) /ˌhændˈmeɪd/ Đồ thủ công
17. herb (n) /ɝːb/ Thảo dược
18. impact (n, v) /ˈɪmpækt/ ảnh hưởng
19. industry (n) /ˈɪndəstri/ Công nghiệp
20. introduce (v) /ˌɪntrəˈduːs/ Giới thiệu
21. litter (n, v) /ˈlɪt̬ɚ/ Rác, xả rác
22. mass tourism (n) /mæs ˈtʊrɪzəm/ Du lịch phá hoại môi trường
23. negative (adj) /ˈneɡətɪv/ Tiêu cực
24. package (n) /ˈpækɪdʒ/ Gói hàng
25. profit (n) /ˈprɑːfɪt/ Lợi nhuận

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26. promote (v) /prəˈmoʊt/ Thúc đẩy
27. reef (n) /riːf/ Rạng (san hô, đá,…)
28. respect (n, v) /rɪˈspekt/ Tôn trọng
29. responsible (n) /rɪˈspɑːnsəbəl ˈtʊrɪzəm/ Du lịch có trách nhiệm
tourism
30. smokeless industry (n) /ˈsmoʊkləs ˈɪndəstri/ Công nghiệp không khói
31. snack (n) /snæk/ Đồ ăn vặt
32. souvenir (n) /ˌsuːvəˈnɪr/ Đồ lưu niệm
33. specific (adj) /spəˈsɪfɪk/ Cụ thể
34. stalactite (n) /ˈstæləktaɪt/ Thạch nhũ
35. sustainable (n) /səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈtʊrɪzəm/ Du lịch bền vững
tourism
36. tourism (adj) /ˈtʊrɪzəm/ Du lịch
37. well-known (adj) /wel - noʊn/ Nổi tiếng
38. wetsuit (n) /ˈwet.suːt/ Đồ lặn

B. GRAMMAR:
I. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1 (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1):
A. Form (Công thức):
If + S + V1s/es, S + will + V0

B. Use (Cách sử dụng):

- Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để diễn tả hành động và sự việc có thể diễn ra ở hiện tại và tương lai.
Vd:
- If people ARE aware of the damage that they may cause to harm the environment, our world WILL
BECOME better. (Nếu mọi người nhận thức được những tổn thương họ có thể gây ra cho môi trường,
thế giới của chúng ta sẽ trở nên tốt hơn)
- If the students DON’T litter, the school yard WILL BE cleaner. (Nếu học sinh không xr rác bừa bãi,
sân trường sẽ trở nên sạch sẽ hơn)
II. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2 (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2):
A. Form (Công thức):
If + S + Ved/2 , S + would + V0

B. Use (Cách sử dụng):

- Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để Diễn tả hành động, sự việc trái với sự thật ở hiện tại.
Vd:
- If I WERE the headmaster, I WOULD PROHIBIT using plastic in our school. (Nếu tôi là hiệu
trưởng, tôi sẽ cấm việc sử dụng nhựa ở trường của chúng ta)
- If you WERE the teacher, what WOULD you DO to decrease the amount of garbage in our class.
(Nếu bạn là giáo viên, bạn sẽ làm gì để làm giải lượng rác thải nhựa ở lớp chúng ta)

C. EXERCISES:
I-PRONUNCIATION:
E1: Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the
other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. brochure B. profit C. local D. follow
Question 2: A. culture B. public C. sustain D. butterfly
Question 3: A. specific B. protect C. benefit D. market
Question 4: A. nature B. manage C. balance D. campfire
Question 5: A. public B. brochure C. understand D. culture

Ngocmai Trang 12
E2: Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. explore B. aware C. brochure D. sustain
Question 2: A. profit B. protect C. local D. impact
Question 3: A. fieldtrip B. damage C. tourist D. behind
Question 4: A. natural B. recommend C. interested D. benefit
Question 5: A. stalactite B. encourage C. attraction D. amazing
Question 6: A. environment B. experience C. sustainable D. beneficial
Question 7: A. ecotourism B. relaxation C. preservation D. disappointed
Question 8: A. negative B. souvenir C. cultural D. industry
Question 9: A. responsible B. opportunity C. sustainable D. traditional
II-VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR:
E3: Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 1: We can help local artists _________a profit by buying handmade arts and crafts
A. do B. get C. make D. take
Question 2: Many tourists are not __________ of the impact of their actions on the local community.
A. critical B. aware C. practical D. profitable
Question 3: Both local people and tourists should be responsible for __________the environment.
A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. protection
Question 4: For many years, the museum of history has been a major _________ of the city.
A. cultural identity B. natural feature C. tourist attraction D. remote area
Question 5: One of the benefits of __________ is that it creates job opportunities for local people.
A. mass tourism B. ecotourism C. sustainable tourism D. responsible tourism
Question 6: We're going on a(n) eco-friendly__________ to the countryside this weekend.
A. field trip B. shopping trip C. business trip D. round trips
Question 7: Tourists are not allowed to ___________ in the park.
A. litter B. rubbish C. garbage D. waste
Question 8: Hoi An villages are famous _______their beautiful vegetable and herb gardens.
A. for B. with C. on D. to
Question 9: Ecotourism will help people to become more ___________ of environmental protection.
A. original B. aware C. real-world D. essential
Question 10: The tourists are visiting a cave renowned for its beauty with ___________.
A. souvenirs B. stalactites C. hosts D. brochures
Question 11: Many tourists ___________ the environment causing air and land pollution.
A. damage B. reduce C. extend D. improve
Question 12: When ecotourists ___________ a place, they also enjoy learning about the culture there.
A. find B. explore C. discover D. invent
Question 13: One way to help the local community is to buy local arts and ____________.
A. parts B. kinds C. crafts D. types
Question 14: Please ______________ the walking paths and trails when you go hiking.
A. go B. follow C. attract D. catch
Question 15: ___________ tourism helps people keep profits local.
A. mass B. Sustainable C. focused D. popular
Question 16: Ecotourists respect local __________ by learning about the customs and traditions of the
places they visit.
A. businesses B. rules C. curfew D. cultures
Question 17: ____________ tourists will avoid damaging the environment when they travel.
A. Aware B. Responsible C. Mass D. Large
Question 18: Everyone is responsible_____________ protecting the environment.
A. for B. to C. with D. at
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Question 19: Tourists should be aware of the possible damage that travel may cause ________the
environment.
A. for B. on C. to D. up
Question 20: The impact of tourism on the local area could be both ____________
A. rich and poor B. strong and weak C. damaging and improving D. positive and
negative.
Question 21: There are many places for tourists to _________on the island.
A. explore B. explain C. explode D. expand
Question 22: Avoid_________water when you take a bath.
A. washing B. waiting C. wasting D. waking
Question 23: There is a ___________market in Can Tho called Cai Rang
A. flowing B. swimming C. floating D. boating
Question 24: ___________tourism has a negative impact on the environment.
A. Mass B. Massive C. Eco- D. Eco-friendly
Question 25: We followed the___________through the forest.
A. tour B. trail C. train D. street
Question 26: There is a narrow______________ for people to walk along to get to the coast.
A. street B. way C. path D. cave
Question 27: __________ people are very friendly and welcoming to tourists.
A. Home B. Inside C. Foreign D. Local
Question 28: A(n)_________is all the plants and living things in a particular area and the way they
relate to their physical environment.
A. biodiversity B. environment C. ecosystem D. ecotourism
Question 29: We should do more to reduce the__________ effects of tourism on the environment.
A. negative B. positive C. endangered D. natural
Question 30: __________involves thousands of people visiting the same place at the same time.
A. Ecotourism B. Responsible tourism C. Sustainable tourism D. Mass tourism
Question 31: Buying local products is one way to show that you are a __________ tourist.
A. responsible B. serious C. friendly D. confident
Question 32: Ecotourists respect local_________ by following the customs and traditions of the places
they visit.
A. businesses B. cultures C. education D. environment
Question 33: If tourists throw rubbish or break tree branches, they are heavily ______________.
A. fined B. awarded C. catched D. advanced
Question 34: Some tourist areas have suffered __________some environmental damage.
A. for B. on C. from D. of
Question 35: Ecotourism activities have had some negative impacts _____________ the environment
and people in the area.
A. for B. on C. from D. of
Question 36: Eco tours in Viet Nam involve mainly travel to natural places and the activities are not
based_________ the ecotourism principles.
A. on B. to C. up D. with
Question 37: Tourists just visit the bay and some caves, without learning about the environment or
taking part __________ any local cultural activities.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
Question 38: In some national parks, tourists are not fully aware __________ environmental
protection
A. on B. for C. down D. of
Question 39: Many African countries, with their numerous national parks and safaris, have
benefited__________ ecotourism
A. on B. to C. from D. with
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Question 40: Ecotourism in distant and remote spots around the planet is getting more popular ____
tourists and tour guides.
A. to B. on C. with D. between
Question 41: The old pagoda is the main tourist __________ of the town.
A. attract B. attraction C. attractive D. attractively
Question 42: Mass tourism can have negative effects on the ___________
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentally D. environmentalist
Question 43: ____________ is a kind of tourism which involves tens of thousands of people crowding
the same places at the same time of year.
A. Mass tourism B. Sustainable tourism C. Ecotourism D. Backpacking tourism
Question 44: __________ provides tourists with opportunities to explore nature.
A. Mass tourism B. Sustainable tourism C. Ecotourism D. Backpacking tourism
Question 45: ____________ involves not only environmental protection and cultural respect, but also
efforts to keep profits local.
A. Mass tourism B. Sustainable tourism C. Ecotourism D. Backpacking tourism
Question 46: The Mekong Delta is an extraordinary place that ____ international tourists.
A. offers B. considers C. attracts D. persuades
Question 47: The areas are very ____ for tourists who love to study and discover.
A. suitable B. available C. successful D. aware
Question 48: The vast wilderness of Alaska offers some unbelievable ecotourism opportunities, and
one of the most ____ tourism industries in the USA.
A. sustainable B. natural C. safe D. environmental
Question 49: The gardens and islets near the Tien and Hau River are very attractive ecotourism ____
of the region.
A. views B. scenes C. sights D. destinations
Question 50: Ecotourism ____ are important to the overall sustainable energy sources.
A. drawings B. designs C. intentions D. plans
Question 51: Seattle is one of the most ____ cities in the US.
A. ecosystem B. eco-friendly C. ecology D. ecological
Question 52: In Alaska, the ecotourism operators are designed to help minimise tourism ____, which
may be more difficult to control as an independent traveler.
A. result B. impact C. action D. power
Question 53: Although tourism is often called 'the smokeless industry', or an __________friendly
industry, it can actually damage nature.
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentally D. environmentalist
Question 54: I wouldn't go there at night if I ____ you
A. am B. have been C. were D. had been
Question 55: If you ____ a choice, which country would you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
Question 56: I have a test to take tomorrow morning. If I ____ free time, I ____ to Cuc Phuong
National Park with you.
A. had - would go B. will have - will go C. have - will go D. had - went
Question 57: According to the weather forecast, it will be fine at the weekend. If the weather ____
fine, we ____ on camping at the weekend.
A. were - would go B. was – went C. is - will go D. will be - go
Question 58: If she ____ him, she would be very happy.
A. met B. will meet C. is meeting D. should meet
Question 59: If I had enough money, I ____ abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. would go C. should go D. should have to go
Question 60: If you didn’t have to leave today, I_________you around the city.
A. have shown. B. will show. C. would show. D. showed.
Ngocmai Trang 15
Question 61: If I _________ you, I would advise her to try the new teaching method.
A. had been B. am C. were D. will be
Question 62: If she didn’t have to work today, she_______her children to zoo.
A. will take B. takes C. would have taken D. would take
Question 63: Okay, I________the tickets if you buy the drinks.
A. will buy B. buy C. would buy D. bought
Question 64: If she were not afraid of flying, she___________far a lot.
A. have travelled B. travelled C. will travel D. would travel
Question 65: If I were you, I___________part in this competition.
A. have taken B. take C. would take D. will take
Question 66: If you do what you tell others, they__________in you.
A. would believe B. won’t believe C. believe D. will believe
Question 67: You ____ help the local people if you buy local products whenever possible and pay a
fair price for what you buy.
A. could B. would C. wouldn’t D. will
Question 68: Animals will take more time to flee from danger if they ____ in cities and are bolder.
A. will B. live C. would live D. could live
Question 69: I suggest that we _______ the deforestation.
A. controlling B. controls C. to control D. should control

E4: Rewrite the conditional sentences for the following situations.

Question 1: You don’t do any exercise and that’s why you put on weight.
 If ______________________________________________________________________
Question 2: Try hard and you can pass the examination.
If ______________________________________________________________________
Question 3: He doesn't catch the bus because he gets up late.
 If ______________________________________________________________________
Question 4: If he doesn’t work harder, he’ll lose his job.
 Unless ______________________________________________________________________
Question 5: The children will go swimming if it is sunny.
 Unless _______________________________________________________________________
Question 6: If she doesn’t work harder, she’ll fail her entrance exam.
 Unless _______________________________________________________________________
Question 7: Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.
If ___________________________________________________________________________
Question 8: Go away or I will call the police.
If ___________________________________________________________________________
Question 9: Peter has such a lot of English homework that he won’t go to the party.
 If___________________________________________________________________________
Question 10: Phong doesn't have enough money so he can't travel abroad.
 _____________________________________________________________________________
Question 11: I don't drive too close to the animals on safari. They don't get scared.
 _____________________________________________________________________________
Question 12: Tom doesn't have a passport. He can't travel abroad.
 _____________________________________________________________________________
Question 13: There are so many tourists visiting the national parks. The environment there is badly
damaged.
 _____________________________________________________________________________
Question 14: Tourists throw litter in the river. The water is polluted.
 _____________________________________________________________________________
Question 15: I want to go on an eco-tour to Phu Quoc National Park, but I don't have any holiday.

Ngocmai Trang 16
________________________________________________________________________________
__.
Question 16: These students do not work hard. They can't pass the exam.
________________________________________________________________________________
__.
Question 17: Hoa's got so much homework that she can't go out with her friends tonight.
________________________________________________________________________________
__.
Question 18: Sue doesn't have Tony's email address. She can't send him a message.
________________________________________________________________________________
__.
Question 19: I could make a cake for you, but there aren't any eggs in the fridge now.
________________________________________________________________________________
__.
Question 20: Nancy doesn't live near the park. She can't go running there every morning.
________________________________________________________________________________
__.
Question 21: I can't go to the concert because I have a lot of homework to do.
________________________________________________________________________________
__.
Question 22: Nam doesn't have a camera, so he can't take pictures of his trip.
________________________________________________________________________________
__.
E5: Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in capitals
Question 1: Mass tourism often has a lot of negative impact on the local area, such as litter from
_________________________________________________ and pollution from traffic. (TOUR)
Question 2: On the first day of our tour, we will visit the famous Cai Be Floating Market to experience
the _____________________________________________life of the people on the river. (DAY)
Question 3: Ecotourism helps to protect the _______________________environment. (NATURE)
Question 4: A ____________________________ forest is a forest where trees that are cut are
replanted and the wildlife is protected. (SUSTAIN)
Question 5: When you take part in an eco tour, you learn more about the cultural traditions of the local
people and the natural ____________________________ of some rare animals. (HABITANT)
Question 6: Mass _____________________________may cause numerous problems. (TOUR)
Question 7: I am very much ________________________________in learning more about
ecotourism and its benefits (INTEREST)
Question 8: Ecotourism means travel to areas of ______________________________ or ecological
interest to observe wildlife and learn about the environment. (NATURE)
Question 9: To entertain __________________________________, we have to change our usual
foods to suit their tastes or adapt dances and traditions to suit their needs. (TOUR)
Question 10: Ecotourism can be __________________________to local people. (BENEFIT)
Question 11: Some farmers in the Mekong Delta have attracted hundreds of foreign
________________________________ to their ecological gardens. (VISIT)
Question 12: Tourists leave litter after the picnic, they may cause __________________ (POLLUTE)
Question 13: Ecotourism is a form of travel that seeks to improve environmental
____________________________ (AWARE)

E6: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 1: They are also well-known for the coconut palms near the Thu Bon River and traditional
crafts such as colourful paper lanterns.
Ngocmai Trang 17
A. famous B. excited C. mass D. local
Question 2: A sustainable forest is a forest where trees that are cut are replanted and the wildlife is
protected.
A. pre-tested B. preserved C. reserved D. protested
Question 3: When you take part in an eco tour, you learn more about the cultural traditions of the
local people and the natural habitat of some rare animals.
A. participate B. conduct C. enjoy D. depart
Question 4: Cuting down trees or hunting wild animals may upset the ecological balance of an area.
A. strengthen B. motivate C. comfort D. disturb
Question 5: Mass tourism may cause numerous problems.
A. bring in B. bring up C. bring about D. bring away
Question 6: I am very much interested in learning more about ecotourism and its benefits.
A. problems B. advantages C. dangers D. issues
Question 7: Ecotourism means travel to areas of natural or ecological interest to observe wildlife and
learn about the environment.
A. look at B. look up C. look into D. look down
Question 8: Mass tourism has contributed to the destruction of the environment.
A. organization B. structure C. construction D. devastation
Question 9: Tourists enjoy the beauty of wildlife without harming it.
A. fostering B. damaging C. protecting D. preserving
Question 10: Ecotourism helps tourists learn how to protect the environment.
A. damage B. change C. adapt D. save
Question 11: Ecotourism activities have had some negative impacts on the environment and people in
the area.
A. influences B. factors C. criteria D. stimuli
Question 12: The worst impact is the massive loss of land.
A. minimal B. tiny C. heavy D. acceptable
Question 13: Ecotourism needs to recruit better educated people, so it won't provide more jobs for the
local people.
A. reduce B. offer C. wipe out D. add
Question 14: If tourists leave litter after the picnic, they may cause pollution.
A. drop B. depart C. escape D. disappear
III-READING:
E7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions.
Ecotourism is a unique way for travellers to engage in sustainable tourism
while vacationing. This specific type of tourism is now increasingly becoming one
of the more popular, with growth rates increasing every year. The United Nations,
aware of the fact that tourism could be one of the most detrimental activities if not
planned in accordance with the threshold imposed by nature, has declared the
celebration of the International Day of Ecotourism, to promote sustainable
practices in this growing industry.
Recently, The Division for Sustainable Development, Small Island
Developing States Unit, decided that in preparation for the International Day
of Ecotourism, it would be beneficial to identify successful practices of
ecotourism on small islands. In order for ecotourism to be categorized as
successful, it must meet the following criteria: it must combine natural and
cultural tourism; it must involve local populations in the program, including
providing educational resources to the local community, it must identity,
manage and conserve the natural and cultural environment as well as the
resources on the island; it must generate practices that will lead to the future
Ngocmai Trang 18
sustainability of the island. If these criteria are followed by an "eco" organization, it deserves to be
recognized as successful.
Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?
A. Sustainable development B. Ecotourism and its criteria
C. Job opportunities for local people D. Environment pollution and its causes
Question 2: The word promote in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. hinder B. conceal C. encourage D. discourage
Question 3: Why has the United Nations declared the celebration of the International Day of
Ecotourism?
A. to stop ecotourism services completely
B. to encourage more people to experience ecotourism
C. to raise people's awareness about ecotourism
D. to boost sustainable practices in ecotourism
Question 4: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a criterion for
successful ecotourism?
A. improvement in the infrastructure for more tourist attractions
B. conservation of the natural and cultural environment
C. local populations involvement in the program
D. combination of natural and cultural tourism
Question 5: The word it in paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A. the island B. the “eco” organization C. the criterion D. the future

E8: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
ECOTOURISM
The primary aim of ecotourism is to educate the traveler and bring him or her closer to nature.
Participants are given the chance to visit parts of the world (1) ______are untouched by human
intervention and to engage in conservation work and various other kinds of environmental projects.
Visitors benefit by gaining an appreciation of natural habitats and an (2) ______into the impact of
human beings on the environment. Local communities gain financially but also in (3) ______ways,
since not only monuments but other buildings as well, such as bridges or windmills, are restored in
order to attract more visitors.
(4) ______, there are also disadvantages to this type of tourism. There have been cases in which
tourism has been allowed to develop with no control or limits. As a result, (5) ______cultures have
been affected or even threatened by foreign lifestyles. Many people today support that our
approach to the development of ecotourism has to be reconsidered. It is essential that this type of
tourism be environmentally, socially, and culturally friendly.
Question 1: A. who B. that C. when D. why
Question 2: A. advent B. intent C. access D. insight
Question 3: A. other B. another C. every D. one
Question 4: A. Although B. Therefore C. However D. Moreover
Question 5: A. primary B. peculiar C. indigenous D. exotic

E9: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that
best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Ecotourism is booming and many tour operators say this is helpful to nature. Every year, millions
of people visit protected (1) ____ areas to observe rare species. However, a new report casts doubt (2)
____ this form of tourism. The report, (3) ____ in the journal "Trends in Ecology and Evolution",
suggests that ecotourism damages more than (4) ____ nature. Researchers believe tourists disrupt
animals in their natural (5) ____. They point to a recent (6) ____ in Costa Rica where turtles had

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problems laying their eggs because of the many tourists who had gathered (7) ____ the beach to watch
them.
The report says that ecotourism is (8) ____ animals bolder. A human presence makes animals tamer
and less (9) ____ about other animals. This could put them at (10) ____ of being attacked by their
natural predators, so more of them will be killed. The report says that when animals interact with
humans, "they may let (11) ____ their guard”. The report also says it is essential, “to develop a more
comprehensive understanding of how different species in different situations (12) ____ to human
visitation, and under what precise conditions human exposure might put them at risk".
Question 1: A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. naturism
Question 2: A. about B. for C. with D. on
Question 3: A. publicized B. publicizing C. published D. publishing
Question 4: A. helps B. help C. helpful D. helpless
Question 5: A. habitable B. habitation C. habit D. habitat
Question 6: A. even B. event C. eventful D. eventual
Question 7: A. over B. in C. on D. to
Question 8: A. making B. changing C. adapting D. altering
Question 9: A. cautiously B. cautiousness C. caution D. cautious
Question 10: A. chance B. risk C. work D. once
Question 11: A. up B. in C. down D. on
Question 12: A. respond B. response C. responsive D. respondent

E10: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
Tourism will always have an impact on the places visited. Sometimes the impact is good, but
often it is negative. For example, if lots of people visit one place, then this can damage the
environment. The question is - how can we minimize the problems without preventing people from
travelling and visiting places?
The main aim of ecotourism is to reduce the negative impact that
tourism has on the environment and local people. The idea is to encourage
tourists to think about what they do when they visit a place.
It's great to talk about protecting the environment, but how do you
actually do this? There are a number of key points. Tourists shouldn't drop
litter, they should stay on the paths, they shouldn't interfere with wildlife and
they should respect local customs and traditions.
Some people see ecotourism as a contradiction. They say that any
tourism needs infrastructure - roads, airports and hotels. The more tourists that visit a place, the more
of these are needed and, by building more of these, you can't avoid damaging the environment.
But, of course, things aren't so black and white. Living in a place of natural beauty doesn't mean
that you shouldn't benefit from things like better roads. As long as the improvements benefit the local
people and not just the tourists, and the local communities are consulted on plans and changes, then is
there really a problem?
In 2002 the United Nations celebrated the "International Year of Ecotourism". Over the past twenty
years, more and more people have started taking eco-holidays. In countries such as Ecuador, Nepal,
Costa Rica and Kenya, ecotourism represents a significant proportion of the tourist industry.
Question 1: What is the main idea of the passage?
A. A brief introduction about ecotourism B. Some Dos for ecotourists
C. Some Don'ts for ecotourists D. Benefits and drawbacks of
ecotoursim
Question 2: In paragraph 1, the word "it" refers to ____.
A. tourism B. environment C. impact D. damage
Question 3: According to the passage, what does the ecotourism aim at?
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A. stopping ecotourism altogether B. reducing the tourism problems
C. preventing tourists from travelling D. finding a new form of tourism
Question 4: According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned as an activity to
protect the environment?
A. not littering B. not interfering with wildlife
C. respecting local customs and traditions D. not hunting animals for food
Question 5: In paragraph 4, the word "avoid" is closest in meaning to ____.
A. present B. pretend C. prevent D. protest
Question 6: Which of the following is TRUE about the author's opinion?
A. Building extra infrastructure in ecotourism areas must be prohibited.
B. New infrastructure could be accepted as long as it also helps local people.
C. Tourists are consulted about the plans to build new infrastructure.
D. Governments are consulted about the plans to build new infrastructure

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