Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV- A CALABARZON
Division of Calamba City
Kapayapaan Integrated School

Be on Time! A Phenomenological Study on Student’s Tardiness in Junior High School

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for
Practical Research 1

Researchers:

Miranda, Kristel Rae C.

Marciano, Rhea Kaye

Membrano, Miendy

Salamat, Christian

Gayomali, Franz Ferry

Racel John Besa

Research Adviser

March 2020
Acknowledgement

First of all, we, researchers would like to thank Kapayapaan Integrated School for

sharing its resources and for keeping us safe when conducting this research to make it

successful.

Also, we would like to thank our parents for giving us encouragement, motivation and full

support to complete this study and in financial support in terms of need to make this research

presentable.

We would like to thank Sir Racel Besa, research adviser, for the guidance he gave us

when making this research. Also, for helping us to correct the wrong steps we did when creating

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

“The importance of time management come down to how much you value the time you

have” (Pettit, 2020). Developing time management skills helps people to be a responsible one.

Having a time management in school, works and even in trips assists in creating goals. Being

on time makes people break free from hassle. On the other hand, having an inappropriate time

management can give someone stress and frustration which can be the reason of not achieving

goals.

Lateness has a big impact in terms of students’ performance in class. There are chances

that he or she might miss a certain topic, lesson or announcement with regards on the school

events. Being tardy has a bad outcome in class. Teachers and other students might experience

distraction in case one student goes to school late. There might also be an interruption in the

discussion.

According to U.S Department of Education's study, lateness is seen as a one factor that

affects the student’s performance in class. Frequent tardiness is related with failure in high
school. Educators found out that pupils who are often tardy are prone in suspension and might

undergo disciplinary actions.

According to R. Eldred (2016), "Student’s absenteeism and tardiness affect the school's

ability to provide effective educational services, the achievements of consistently absent or late

students and disrupt the learning experiences of other children in the school".

ETC (2009), states that the attendance and the policy of punctuality indicate that "regular

and punctual attendance is of paramount importance in ensuring that are students having full

access to curriculum. Valuable learning time is lost when students are absent or late".

"Personality traits including low self-esteem and anxiety are features involved in

generating tardiness," Santillano (2010).

Filipinos are known for having different practices, one of it is what they’ve called “Filipino

Time”. It means being minutes to hours late compared to the standard time. It’s like having our

own clock. By that case, that is where tardiness follows. Tardiness means being late or the

quality or habit of not.

A study from Gabaldon Vocational Agriculture High School wants to identify why students

are being tardy in school. The findings showed that the most difficult part in relation with

tardiness is dealing with the unruly behavior of students in class.

Student’s lateness is also experienced at Kapayapaan Integrated School, mostly the

students who have early classes. It affects their school performance and attendance. It is also a

distraction in the late class lesson. Students, who are always late, experienced being left behind

with their classmates’ output project, recitations and especially in lessons.

In this research, you will be aware about the common reasons of being tardy. Also, this

study will help to improve student’s punctuality on school timing.

Research Questions:

The main focus of this study is to determine the situation of tardiness of the students and

to improve and identify students’ punctuality on the school timing. Also, this study wants to know

if school activities influence students to become tardy. The following questions were supposed

to guide this study.

1. What are the experiences of students who are being late in school?

2. How do students understand tardiness?

3. How do students cope with the lesson they have missed if they are tardy?

Purpose of the Study

Tardiness is the common problem of the students nowadays. Students have many

excuses when they arrived late in school. The purpose of this study is to be aware of the

common factors of being tardy. The awareness of students is important for them to know what

will be the possible outcome of tardiness because it can bring negative impact on student's

learning performance. Another purpose is to examine the role of family or parents influence on

the tendency of students to be tardy and to improve and identify student’s punctuality on the

school timing. This study wants to know if there are persons who influence students to become

tardy. Lastly, find out if school activities influence the students to become tardy. Students

sometimes experienced being stress due to many activities in school that is why this study aims

to identify if activities in school causes students to become late.

Significance of the Study

Punctuality is a behavior needed to practice by the tardy students. Being punctual in

school, help students to accomplish both activities in school and home on time. The findings

which this study may benefit certain person and groups, and the benefits they may be able to

gain are as follows:

To the students: This study will help students to be punctual not only in school but also

on their job in the future.

To the teachers: This will help the teachers to understand the situation of their students

and give some advices and strategies so that students will learn on how to improve themselves

and become punctual as well.

To the parents: It will help the parents to understand their children more that might

motivate them to their part as a loving parent for their children future success.

To the community: This study will help the community to identify the tardy students and

give them advices to give the community in safe hand because children are tomorrow’s future of

the community.

To the future researchers: This study will serve as a guide of future researchers trying

to find solution on student tardiness.

Theoretical Framework

To understand more about students’ tardiness, the researchers look on different theories

that will support the study. The theory about student tardiness will be discussed here.

Lateness is often caused by the influences of others. Sometimes being late is due to our

personal choice. No matter what reason of a person, tardiness is a behavior that eventually

becomes habit.

According to a Canadian psychologist Albert Bandura who proposed “Bandura’s Social

Learning Theory”, people learn not only by observing others but also with a cognitive process

which changes the behavior patterns of a person. To make it short, people can learn in multiple

ways. The theory is known as “Reciprocal Causation Model” which state that the factors that

affects one’s behavior referred to as behavior, personal factors, and environment has a
relationship with each other. Behavior involves complexity, duration, skill, etc. Environment

comprises situation, roles, models, and relationship. Personal factors consist of cognition, self-

efficacy, motives, and personality.

In relation with tardiness, students are being tardy because of the interaction between

personal factors, behavior, and environment. For example, student’s parents always arrived

late in work that’s why the student also arrived late in school. This is where environment

influences personal factor. They are being tardy because people surround them who plays as a

role model are also tardy. If students choose to be late in school and do it regularly, this is

where personal factors influence the behavior. The student prefers to be late in school that’s

why it became his/her habit. If the student always often arrives late in school and there are

students observe that there is punishment given to that student, other students think that it is

okay to be late in school. This is where behavior influences environment. One student’s

behavior affects how others perform being punctual or late in school.

Reciprocal Causation Model's main function is to transfer information to the observer

which can be done in three ways. First, it serves as an act in which it initiates similar behaviors

and others. Second, it strengthens and weakens the learner's existing restraints against the

performance of a model behavior. Lastly, it demonstrates a new pattern of behavior.

In connection with tardiness, students observed others students who are tardy that is

why they are also being tardy. The action made by other students affects how one student does

similar behavior.

The theories associated with this study supports how important for students to be on

time in class and to know how helpful being punctual is.

Person
al
Factors
Cognitio
n
Self-
Efficacy
Motives
Environ
Persona Behavi
ment
lity our
Situatio
Comple
n
xity
Roles
Duration
Model
Skill
Figure1.
Relation
Reciprocal Etc.
ship
Causation Model

(Bandura, 1986). A model shows the interaction between environment, personal factor, and

behavior. Environment influences personal factor, personal factor influences behavior, and

behavior influences environment.

Research Methods

This study is a qualitative research. Qualitative research is a form of inquiry that is

considered by many social and behavioral scientists to be as much a perspective on how to

approach investigating a research problem as it is a method (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005).

Qualitative research is suitable for this study because it provides explanation of complex

phenomena which is beneficial in creating conceptual theories, explaining a certain occurrence,

and provides valid results. It also creates openness in order to expand response about tardiness

and stimulate experiences in expressing feelings and emotions.

Phenomenological approach is used in this research. Phenomenology gives description

about the nature of the particular occurrences (Creswell, 2013). This type of approach is

appropriate to this study because it focuses on the events happened on a person or a group. It

also describes the experience as it is actually lived by the person. Tardiness is a very common

issue that students usually do that's why this study used phenomenological type of approach.

Triangulation is being used in the study. Triangulation is method of using many tools in

answering research inquires to develop a comprehensive understanding of phenomena (Patton,

1999). There are three tools which the researcher will use: in-depth interview, documents, and

observation. Triangulation method is appropriate to use in this study because there three or

more tools to be use in order to find the result of this study. This is suitable method to use

because triangulation assures the validity of research using the variety of tools to collect and

gather data.

Naturalistic observation will be used in this study Naturalistic observation involves

observing the spontaneous behavior of participants in natural surroundings (McLeod, 2015). In

this technique the researchers simply record what they see. This analysis will help investigate

what are the experiences of students who are being late in school. Observing the co-

researchers helps the researchers to know if the results based on the interview and documents

are aligned with the observation.

The researcher also used structured interview. Structured interview is the most rigid

interview style which only the questions listed by the interviewer were asked. The results of this

analysis will be use as a step to investigate if the reasons of student tardiness are true. This tool

is the best to use because the researchers and co-researchers have interaction which helps

both of them to understand each other.

Collecting documents will be used as an instrument in this study. Collecting documents

is the process of gathering information in a systematic way that enables to answer research

questions and assess the outcomes. The document will be use is attendance. This analysis

was used to examine how often students are being tardy. Using the attendance or the other

forms of documents helps to see if the co-researchers are truly tardy in class.

The researcher will use semi-structured interview. Semi-structured interview is a type of

interview where the interviewee can add additional details about his/her feelings, thoughts, and

opinions. The results of this analysis will be use as a step to know what strategies of the

teachers are in order to avoid tardiness. This tool is suitable to use because the researchers will

able to find the answers easily from the co-researchers.

Definition of Key Terms

The following terminologies are often used in this research study. In order to understand,

the researcher intends to clarify words operationally.

Attendance – Document used to determine if the student is late or not in the class.

Awareness – This is how student response and understand tardiness.

Behavior – The act made by the students like being punctual or tardy in school.

Parents – People who teaches and motivate their children to be punctual on school.

Students – This refers to the people who experience being late in class.

Punctuality – It is the act or behavior of being on time on school.

Tardiness – This refers to the common issue of that every student is experiencing.

Scope and Limitation

This study focused on the experience of students in tardiness and how they

understand tardiness as a student who is being late. The study is delimited only for the grade 7

to grade 10 junior high school students. The scope of this study is to find the reason and the

living experience of the students who encounter tardiness in school.

Summary

All in all, tardiness is considered as one of the most common issue or problem that

students are facing nowadays. Tardiness decreases the potential of students to learn more in

school. Students who arrived late in school can miss out a lot of activities.

According to Adrian Scott (2016) in his article entitled “Effects of Tardiness on your

Child’s Education” which stated that the tardiness of the students depends on how parents help

their children to be on time. Parents are the one who teach their children to be punctual. They

should teach their kids and give advices on how to be punctual in school. Parents should be

responsible because they are the primary model of their children.

Being punctual is very important. This study recommends that while the students are still

young, don’t practice being late because tardiness can be the reason of failure in the future.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents review of related literature about the student’s tardiness. It reveals

different studies and literature that support this study. There are two part of related literature:

foreign and local.

Foreign Literature and Studies

RESULTS OF TARDINESS
According to Vukovic (2017), there is a negative effect to the learners, it does affect their

other classmates and teachers to repeat the lesson they have missed, and it may become bad

habits of the student.

Similarly, as stated by the study of Hammill Institute on Disabilities (Caldarella,

Christensen, Young & Densley, 2011), examined that the teacher’s technique of using teacher-

written praise notes helps in decreasing tardiness of students in primary school. The study

investigated that students who are always late in school often miss out important things and

announcement like lessons, activities, and events. Tardy students are sometimes the reason

why teacher is being frustrated because as they arrived late in school, teachers are re-teaching

the lessons students have missed. Student tardiness brings negative effect not only to the

students but also to the whole classroom environment.

In like manner, students arrived late in school can miss out morning ceremony,

announcements, academic activities like test and quizzes, social contact with classmates and

friends. Students who miss school time develop habits that will affect their education, job and

also their future (Bennion, 2018).

The school is the place where the students train their punctuality where they can

develop as an individual to stand up and become independent for their future careers. If the

students left undisciplined and being tardy in school it may become habitual being late and tardy

can miss new lesson and they can be mark as absent. (Reynolds, 2016)

In morning time is where the students come tardier. Arrive late in school can distract the

classes. Also because of arriving late they might also get lower grades. Tardiness is not only

affecting our selves it can also affect teacher. They will be late in submitting grade or

requirement on the office because the tardy students coping up the lesson, he/she missed.
Students who are on time to school are more successful than the students who come late.

(Zeiger, 2019)

ISSUES OF TARDINESS

Lateness is a major problem in many schools. According to this study which stated that

the problems of tardiness were beyond the control of the students, while other students needed

to discipline themselves and give more attention on most important things (Maile & Olowoyo,

2017).

Correspondingly, a study supported by (Moore, 2010) "Best Practices Employed by

Georgia High School Administrators to Reduce Student Tardiness", which is said that school

head discover the issue of student tardiness is the major problem of 21 st Century high school

students. The main focus of this study was to concentrate on the situation of tardiness and

examine the level of student tardiness in the largest schools of Georgia.

CONNECTION ATTENDANCE IN STUDENT’S TARDINESS

On dealing with tardiness as a student’s school attendance is important because it tells

the record of the student implementing late policy and helps to reduce the late student and to

know the problem this may help to overcome no problem finding what's going on by asking the

problem the student, do should have time management to do task (Kelly, 2019).

However, the "attendance and punctuality rule" clearly states that having a standard and

timely attendance is important so that all students will learn how important time when being lost

due to tardiness (ETC, 2009).

REASONS OF TARDINESS

In Botho University students confirmed that tardiness is a major challenge. The result of

the study showed that the factors contributed to tardiness includes transportation, lack of time
and self-discipline, and how far students’ home from school. The study suggested that Botho

University change the time of class and present policy on how to improve student tardiness

(Kgosi, 2015).

In the same way, according to Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), the common reason of

lateness is due to waking up late. Other reasons of lateness are due to heavy traffic, doing

household chores, breakdowns of vehicles and lack of responsibility.

RECOMMENDATIONS TO AVOID TARDINESS

As claimed by Megenney (2016) The findings of the study recommend that the changes

made to the school-wide tardy policy have not reduced students' tardiness significantly.

Additionally, a research study by Dodge (2011), reveals that a key message from

school leaders to other school administrators is that detailed data collection and evaluation

activities can bring about student improvements. Addressing the actions of student will begin

when schools appreciate and acknowledge that the overall school environment has a significant

impact on academic and behavioral achievements.

Similarly, the study from North Texas examined the issue of tardiness and suggests that

implementing new policy by using an electronic data system can improve punctuality of the

students. (Taylor, 2014)

Local Literature and Studies

TARDINESS AS A MAJOR PROBLEM

On the other hand, there are problems that usually encountered in student’s tardiness

these are factors that affect the student’s academic performance these were identify in the

survey as stress, tired, disorganized, finishing there’s snack lunch and working with their

requirement (Bolaños, Barlota, &Parreño, 2017).

Also, in the Philippines traffic, street system problem are the major problem of the

lateness it also include the accident/ incident, construction activities that causes traffic in Manila

it’s affect the lateness of the time management off the worker from shipping sending meet up

and other business activities but people against tardiness its considered unprofessional (Teruel,

2017).

CAUSES OF TARDINESS

The common reason contributed with tardiness of students in school are going late to

bed and waking up late also the distance from home to school. The possible solution is parents

should be consistently monitored and aware of their children’s school time (Bolaños et al.,2017).

Likewise, according to Lamson (2014), common problem among students is that they

find it difficult to get up in the morning, resulting in a constant uphill battle getting to school on

time. For the teachers, dealing with late students is inevitable.

Moreover, there are a lot of factors why the students late like class schedule, heavy

workload, long distance between school and home that effect the performance of the students

(Burbank III, 2013).

TARDINESS AS INDICATOR TO STUDENT’S SUCCESS

Lateness is synonymous to tardiness that's why the students slow to act or to respond

and not meeting the proper deadline also learn and adopt adapt the habitual tardiness of the

family members especially from the older family (Miguel, CF 2016).

In addition, there are alternatives courses of action the students should have time

management, visitation in the student house with the guardian and parent, evaluate the

students learning difficulty in their previous lesson, and know the students psychological if he

got bullied in school (Paren, 2016).

Furthermore, according to Asuncion (2018), stated that the absences and pupil tardiness

are typically used as indicators of success or failures of academic and educational interventions

applied and undertaken by schools to enhance the performance of students. The issues inspire

school authorities and educators to implement policies, plans and programs to reduce the

absences of pupils and to develop a more reliable and effective system of student monitoring.

FILIPINO TIME: TARDINESS

In the Philippines "Filipino time" is part of the culture that people usually do. It is a habit

of Filipino to being late in class or other meeting. Being late show how lazy and tardy Filipinos

are (Chua, 2019)

Summary

The review of related literature narrates the different studies about student’s tardiness

including the reasons, issues, and results of it. However, those are only few related literatures

included in this study. As stated in the literature, tardiness is one of the problems which students

are now facing. Tardiness is the barrier for the students in order to achieve their dreams and

have a better future.

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research method, population, and sampling, respondents and

participants of the study, research instruments, validation of the instruments, data gathering

procedure, and analysis of data.

Research Design

This study is a qualitative research. Qualitative research is a form of inquiry that is

considered by many social and behavioral scientists to be as much a perspective on how to

approach investigating a research problem as it is a method (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005).

Qualitative research is suitable for this study because it provides explanation of complex

phenomena which is beneficial in creating conceptual theories, explaining a certain occurrence,

and provides valid results. It also creates openness in order to expand response about tardiness

and stimulate experiences in expressing feelings and emotions.

Phenomenological approach is used in this research. Phenomenology gives description

about the nature of the particular occurrences (Creswell, 2013). This type of approach is

appropriate to this study because it focuses on the events happened on a person or a group. It

also describes the experience as it is actually lived by the person. Tardiness is a very common

issue that students usually do that's why this study used phenomenological type of approach.

Research Locale

The study was conducted at Kapayapaan Integrated School. This school was selected

for knowing about students’ tardiness among Junior High students. This place is the best to

conduct a research because the researcher observed the many students are being tardy in this

school.

Samples and Sampling Techniques

The sampling technique that this study will use is purposive sampling. Purposive

sampling is also known as judgment, selective or subjective sampling is a non-probability

sampling. It is a sampling technique in which the researcher depends on their vision, beliefs,

and judgment when selecting the members of a certain area to serves as a co-researcher in

their study. Co-researchers of the study will be chosen based on the researchers’ own judgment

(Foley, 2018). Purposive sampling is appropriate to use in order to prove that the co-

researchers of this study are truly experiencing tardiness. It is the best method to use in this
study because the researchers believe that their co-researchers are qualified to be interviewed

based on their traits in school and one of that is being tardy.

The Subjects

In this phenomenological study, the co-researcher interviewed, observed and

documented were the Junior High students of Kapayapaan Integrated School. The researchers

interviewed eight students who are observed to be tardy in school. There are four co-

researchers in both a.m. and p.m. classes and one on every grade level. Thus, eight co-

researchers will complete the gathering of data.

Research Instruments

Triangulation is being used in the study. Triangulation is method of using many tools in

answering research inquires to develop a comprehensive understanding of phenomena (Patton,

1999). There are three tools which the researcher will use: in-depth interview, documents, and

observation. Triangulation method is appropriate to use in this study because there three or

more tools to be use in order to find the result of this study. This is suitable method to use

because triangulation assures the validity of research using the variety of tools to collect and

gather data.

Naturalistic observation will be used in this study Naturalistic observation involves

observing the spontaneous behavior of participants in natural surroundings (McLeod, 2015). In

this technique the researchers simply record what they see. This analysis will help investigate

what are the experiences of students who are being late in school. Observing the co-

researchers helps the researchers to know if the results based on the interview and documents

are aligned with the observation.

The researcher also used structured interview. Structured interview is the most rigid

interview style which only the questions listed by the interviewer were asked. The results of this
analysis will be use as a step to investigate if the reasons of student tardiness are true. This tool

is the best to use because the researchers and co-researchers have interaction which helps

both of them to understand each other.

Collecting documents will be used as an instrument. Collecting documents is the

process of gathering information in a systematic way that enables to answer research questions

and assess the outcomes. The document will be use is attendance. This analysis was used to

examine how often students are being tardy. Using the attendance or the other forms of

documents helps to see if the co-researchers are truly tardy in class.

The researcher will use semi-structured interview. Semi-structured interview is a type of

interview where the interviewee can add additional details about his/her feelings, thoughts, and

opinions. The results of this analysis will be use as a step to know what strategies of the

teachers are in order to avoid tardiness. This tool is suitable to use because the researchers will

able to find the answers easily from the co-researchers.

Validation of the research instruments

In this section, researchers ask professional to validate the instrument used in the study.

Triangulation method is a method of collecting data on the same subject using more than three

tools. It was seen as a qualitative strategy for assessing validity through the combination of

information from different sources (Cartel et al., 2014).

Creswell (2012) stated that an interview is usually a face to face conversation between

the researcher and the co-researcher involving knowledge transfer to interview.

As explained by Cohen (2010) that observation demonstrates a systematic approach of

data collection. Researchers use all their senses to investigate people in natural settings or

scenarios which occur naturally.

On the other hand, Bowen (2009) said that document analysis is a method of qualitative

research in which the researcher interprets documents to give voice and context around the

subject of an evaluation.

Triangulation is a powerful method used to bring fairness and making the result bias-

free. It also increases the reliability and validity of the study. According to Roberta &Forbes

(2013), this technique is used to confirm suggested findings, but can also be used to determine

the completeness of data.

External auditor was used in order to validate the interview questions to the professional

teachers who have knowledge about the qualitative research and a phenomenological study.

The researchers consult 7 items interview guide questions to the teachers who have knowledge

about a research. External audits involve having a researcher not involved in the research

process examine both the process and product of the research study. The purpose is to

evaluate the accuracy and evaluate whether or not the findings, interpretations and conclusions

are supported by the data (Cohen D, Crabtree B, 2006).

Data Gathering Procedures

We have decided on the basis of which design our research will be based, it is

imperative that we continue to follow the systematic procedure and start collecting data from the

work. It is important to mention that we are going to collect data on how appropriate and efficient

it can be in research. We must be mindful of all potential difficulties that may occur during the

entire data collection process. So, for us to collect data properly successfully, we have to make

sure that we already have clear selection criteria. For this reason, when conducting a study, we

need to understand whether it is factual or empirical or deductive, so that we can get our study

to carry fully accurate results. We gather data by using observation. According to (Saul Mcleod,

2015) observation (watching what people do) would seem to be an obvious method of carrying
out research in psychology. In general observations, are relatively cheap to carry out and few

resources are needed by the researcher. However, they can often be very time consuming and

longitudinal. Also, we will use collecting documents (Bowen, 2009) Stated that analysis is a

social research method and is an important research tool in its own right, and is an invaluable

part of most schemes of triangulation, the combination of methodologies in the study of the

same phenomenon. Lastly interviews are useful to explore experiences, views, opinions, or

beliefs on specific matters. Accounts can be explored and compared to others, to develop an

understanding of the underlying structures of beliefs (Green & Thorogood, 2010). Then

whatever means we collect data, we must ensure that it is reliable, consistent, and accurate,

and that we can trust the info. Finally, the data collection instruments must meet the research

objective.

Data Analysis

The first part of data analysis process is open coding in which the reading of data is done in

order to have patterns of themes. Open coding is the first step in data analysis process, can be

told by the previous framework, and can also occur during the analysis (Charmax, 2006). As

stated by Smith (2009), open coding is being conducted by recognizing and categorizing the

multiple responses identified in the data of the repeated readings of sentences and paragraphs

of data collected for the analysis. It involves marking the concepts and development of

comparison categories, the method of repeating the reading of media sources and a line-by-line

analysis of data in order to clarify the definitions and concepts of the data (Neo, 2020). The

researchers marked the concepts from the answers given by the co-researchers of the study.

The next step in data analysis process in axial coding that involves searching of the

relation of themes so that it could be combined into clusters. According to Allan (2017), axial

coding is a research technique that requires relating of data in order to identify codes,
categories, and subcategories within the data collected. The researchers highlighted similar

answers of the co-researchers and formulate themes or patterns from it.

Selective coding is the final step of data analysis process which the themes formulated

will be divided into subthemes. Selective coding involves reducing data into small themes to

write into the final narrative (De Vos, 2005). The researchers categorized themes and

formulated subthemes from the data collected.

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the gathered data, organized information and the analyses and

interpretation for the specific problems cited in the study. This chapter also shows the analysis

and interpretation of co-researchers’ answers.

Themes

There are many themes emerged from the co-researcher’s narratives. Themes will be described

individually.

1. The Reasons of Tardiness

The researchers gathered the following answers by interviewing the tardy Junior High

School Students. Also, they have shared their own explanation on why are they tardy at school.

Below are some of their statements:

“Kasi po ano, minsan na tatanghali ako ng gising.”

“Naghahatid pa po kase yung mama ko ng sa kapatid ko kaya po lagi ako nalalate gawa
ng anong oras na po siya dumating sa bahay.”
“Kadalasan po kasi ang reason ko bakit ako na late sa school, late narin po kasi ako
nagigising tuwing tanghali.”
“Gawa ng kapatid ko po, mabagal po kumilos kapag po ano ihahatid po hinihintay ko pa
po siya.”
“Inaantok, nahihirapan ako gumising sa umaga kasi ano kulang sa tulog.”
“Kase bago ako pumasok kapag nakaligo na ako, uupo lang ako tapos bago ako
pumasok sobrang tagal ng panonood ko ng tv kaya nale-late ako lagi.”
“Ano tinatanghali ng gising tapos minsan walang masakyan.”
“Kase ano araw-araw ko kase tinutulungan si mama sa paninda niya kase ano yung side
car kase namin mahirap kaseng anuhin kase medyo mabigat kase bakal kaya ako muna
yung nagdadala.”
Co-researchers of this study have different reasons on why are they being tardy in

school. There are students who are being late because of waking up early in the morning.

Others said that they are being late because of their roles in the family. On the other hand, there

is a co-researcher stated that the reason of being late is due to having a leisure first before

going to school.

Theme: Waking up late

Waking up late is the most common reason of why students are being tardy. Waking up

early is hard for some high school students because they have adopted a late start to improve

their attendance and punctuality (Staff, 2013).

Theme: Family Responsibilities

There are many responsibilities that students are experiencing in their own family like

taking care of younger brother or daughter, doing household chores, helping in a family

business and many more that leads them to be late in school. Family responsibilities influence

students to become tardy because they have to do their part as a child, brother, and sister

before going to school.

Theme: Time for Leisure

Students’ other reason of being tardy is due to having time for leisure first before going

to school. The co-researcher of this study explained that having a time for leisure first like

watching television influences him or her to be tardy in school.

2. What is being done when being Tardy

The following statements are about what are students doing when being tardy. Below

are some of their statements.

"Nagpapaliwanag po kay ma'am yun lang po."

"Makikinig pa rin po."
"Pag pasok ka sa room nag sorry ako kasi late ako."
"Di ko narin po alam nag mamadali na."
"Nagmamadali."
"Uhm, laging nagmamadali kapag papasok na."
"Napasok pa ren minsan hindi na ako napasok kapag late na late na."
"Syempre mageexplain sa teacher muna bakit late explain tas yung reason."
In this study, co-researchers explained what they are doing when they are tardy in

school. There are students who are rushing things in order to lessen the time of lateness while

others are apologizing to teacher subject teacher for being late and for interrupting the class.

Theme: Rush

When being late in school, students are usually hurrying things up. It is an initial reaction

of everyone every time students did not make to be on time. This is one is commonly what

students usually do.

Theme: Apology

Apologizing is an act of saying sorry when there are things accidentally happen.

Students who are always late are saying sorry every time they are late in school and explain

why they are late in a polite way. Saying sorry too is appropriate you do.

3. The feeling of Tardiness

The following statements are all about the feelings of students who are being tardy.

Below are some of their statements.

"Ahmm ano po nahihiya po."
"Nahihiya."
"Kinakabahan."
"Syempre po pagnalalate po ako minsan po kasi yung teacher yung teacher po ano
nakakatakot kasi galit po minsan pagnalate."
"Ano, feeling ko papagalitan ako lagi kaya kailangan po magmadali na."
"Nahihiya po. Hahaha."
"Walang parang natural lang."
"Syempre nakakahiya kase ikaw lang talaga yung nagiging late yung iba naman kase on
time kase pumapasok."

Theme: Shyness
The feeling of being shy is one product of tardiness every time the students are late in

class.

Theme: Terrified

Being afraid is the co-researcher’s reaction towards being tardy in class considering that

other teachers might not understand them.

Theme: Adept
Being late is described as a natural thing. For other co-researcher being used to be late

is how they feel every time they are late.

4. Understanding Tardiness

The following statements are about how do late students understand. Below are some of

their statements.

"Ano po yung parang pagiging tamad hehehe."

"Kase po ano marami pa pong ginagawa kaya nalalate."
"Parang katamaran."
"Sa pagkakaintindi ko sa tardiness yan yung mga bagay na yan yung reason bakit ka
nahuhuli sa sa gawin o isang bagay."
"Yung pagnahuli sa klase."
"Pagiging iresponsable."
"Aahh ano parang hindi pagiging disiplinado."
'"Nakakahiya na lang."
Theme: Lack of Discipline
Attitude or action is one of the important things to consider. It is also liable for being

tardy. Students explained tardiness as being lazy, irresponsible, and not being a disciplined

person.

Theme: Filipino Time

Arriving late at the proper time is the other definition of tardiness defined by the co-

researchers.

Theme: Unconfident

Lack of courage or being shy or afraid is one of the results of arriving late in class.

5. Managing School Activities

The following statements are about how do late students manage doing school activities.

Below are some of their statements.

"Ano po hinahabol ko nalang po sa oras."

"Ano sa recess po ginagawa ko sa recess."
"Ano pupunta ako sa teacher na namiss hihingi ako ng mga quizzes."
"May mga oras kasi pag recess kasi doon ko nalang gingawa yung mga kulang ko sa
subject."
"Hinahabol ko nalangpagkatapos ang ano, pagalis ng teacher."
"Lagi nalang po nagmamadali tapos yung gawa ko lagi nalang basta basta."
"Ano nahingi ako ng tulong sa mga kaklase ko tinutulungan din naman nila ako."
"Syempre magtatanong sa classmate na kung ano ang mga activities. kung anong
activities kung anong gawin kung anong ano pang gagawin yun nagtatanong ako."
Theme: Free time
When you missed something like quizzes or activity because you're late sometimes you

do it in recess time. To finish all you have missed in the subject you set aside your free time just

to finish your quizzes. Co-researcher do it just to catch up what they missed in the certain

subject.

Theme: Teamwork

Help from a classmate is the one who can count on when you've missed some quizzes

or activities. They were the one that you can lean on. It's really important that the whole class is

helping each other when other can't catch up the lesson because of being late in class.

Theme: Activities

Asking for a quiz aside from doing it in recess time you can also take a quiz if it’s a quiz

you've missed. Always approach the teacher when you've missed some quiz, they will not

approach you it is your responsibility to approach in a polite way.

6. Keep up with other Students

The following statements are about how do late students still keep up with other students

who is not getting late. Below are some of their statements.

"Ano po parang makikinig na lang po ako para maintindihan ko ung lesson."

"Ginagawa ko lahat ng mga ano Hindi ko magagawa na nagawa na nila habang di pa
ako dumadating."
"Nakikinig ako doon sa tinuturo ng teacher."
"Sa pamamagitan po ng pag aral sa bahay. Kahit late po ako natututo parin ako sa
bahay."
"Ano, nagtatanong na lang ako sa kanila kung ano ginawa nila after."
"Opo, kasi po yung kaklase ko po hindi naman po nagkukulang sa paalala."
"Aahh ano kase dito naman sa classroom namen tulungan naman kame dito kapag may
isang naiiwan tutulungan."
"Syempre ano recitation na den parang yung yun nagets ko lang yun na lang yun kase
yun."
Theme: Asking and Listening

Asking is one of the ways researchers are doing in order to still keep up with their

classmates who are on time in terms of arriving at school. In this question, the co-researchers

answered that they are asking their classmates in case they missed something important

regarding lesson or activities in school. In that way, they can catch up significant information

about the class. Listening is also their way to recall and gather details about the discussion they

have missed incase the teachers arrived earlier than them. It is also their style in order to

understand whatever the lesson is.

7. Strategies to catch up lessons

The following statements are about what are the students’ strategies on catching up the

lessons and activities they have missed. Below are some of their statements.

"Nagtatanong po ako dun sa mga kaklase ko."

"Ano ginagawa ko sa ano kapag may libre akong oras."
"Papaturo lang ako sa kaklase sa may alam."
"Gaya ng sinabi ko nag lalaan po ako ng oras may time management po ako
sinusunod."
"Hahabulin ko nga after ng class."
"Nagmamadali na lang po kasi wala naman ng iba na ano. Late na nga po ako tapos
kakapusin pa ako sa oras tapos mag chill pa ako. Lalong wala po akong magagawa."
"Ano lagi lang nakikinig kay ma’am."
"Syempre ako yung mismo ano pumupunta sa teacher kung magtatanong kung mayroon
kung pwede pa ba ako mag ano mag mag maghabol ng mga activities quizzes ganun
ako na yung pumupunta sa teacher.”

Theme: Asking
Asking is one of the strategies co-researcher is doing in order to catch up lessons

he/she might have missed. Asking classmates is one of the answer to avoid being left behind in

terms of the discussed lesson and activities.

Theme: Time Management

It is one of the important thing to do if you are tardy. Managing time in order to limit you

in terms of putting so much time in just one job. It is setting a particular time in doing chores or

any activities you will do. By that case, not only one job will be done but many.

Theme: Seeking Help

Classmates play a significant part in the class. They serve as the second teacher in case

you didn't get the lesson well. They can also be your guide in terms of understanding the

activities and be your teammate in terms of need. Co-researchers who are tardy are asking help

to their fellow students in order to catch up with their missed activities.

Theme: Rush

Co-researcher said that their strategy to cope up in the lesson they have missed is that rushing

things. Catch up at the same time rushing. So they can easliy understand what have they

missed.

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of the findings of this research, the conclusions

derived from these findings and the researchers’ recommendations for future researches of

similar concern.

Qualitative research was conducted to deal with problem of research regarding a

student’s tardiness in Junior High School.

The research purpose was to distinguish and explain the main reasons for tardiness

among Junior High School Students at Kapayapaan Integrated School and describe

recommendation for tardy students.

Conclusion

The most common reason on why Grade 10 students in Kapayapaan Integrated School

are tardy is that they wake up late in the morning. When Grade 10 Students are tardy, they find

their family as an influence; some is helping their parents to sell foods because their side car is

heavy so they were the one to help their parents. Additionally, when Junior High students are

tardy because of lack of sleep in the evening. The results demonstrated Watson’s concept of

Behaviorism, which states that any human behavior is a response to external stimuli. The study

showed that the tardiness of Grade 10 students in Kapayapaan Integrated School students is

but a response to reasons/factors. Moreover, the most common reason that emerged, which

was shown to be waking up late, correlates with Oghuvbu's study of Nigerian students. Lastly,

the percentage of tardiness among Grade 10 students was quite high considering that more

than half of the respondents showed tardiness

Recommendation

Generally, the researchers were satisfied that the problems were answered correctly

with the accuracy and reliability that it will help to have valid data and conclusions. The

researchers have the following recommendations:

1. The students need to sleep early for their school. They need to set goal in order for

themselves to be motivated to be early in school.

2. The students need to lessen the use to gadgets because it will help them to focus on

their studies.
3. The parents should control their children. They must aware and show their concern in

academic performance of their students.

4. Teachers should implement rules in school and give award to those students that will

obey the rules.

5. Students need to balance their time in school and their leisure. Having a time

management plan help them what they need to do first.

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