Follow Health,
Safety and Security
Procedures
Topics
1. Occupational Safety & Health
2. Reporting and Recording
3. Personal and Environmental
Hygiene
4. Risk Assessment and Hazard
Management
5. Types of Hazards
6. Emergencies
7. Fires
8. First Aid
Occupational Safety
and Health
Occupational Safety & Health
OSH concerns safety, health and
welfare of people in the work place.
It aims to protect people who might be
indirectly related to the workplace
environment, like family members of
employees, employers, and customers.
There are many different types of costs
associated with workplace injuries;
many of them are not just physical.
Therefore it is important to understand
these costs and risks and formulate
adequate and effective policies and
procedures.
Objectives of OSH
1. Identify occupational hazard
2. Reduce workplace accidents
3. Eliminate (where possible) health
and safety risk at work place
4. Protect personnel against
occupational hazard
5. Manage health and safety concerns
6. Involve all parties concerned in
OHS management and creating
awareness
Code of Practice
These are a set of guidelines of conduct
but not a legal regulation.
These codes of practices are generally
issued by regulatory authorities to meet
OHS obligations.
They provide for a number of options
and give guidance for employers and
individuals to meet OHS standards.
Most organizations have a Code of
Conduct policy for their staff.
OSH Responsibilities
In the workplace it is the employer who
has the duty of care for OHS; although
all employees are required to assist
employers fulfil this responsibility.
Government
Duty of Care is the responsibility one
person has for another in the eyes of the
law, for that person’s health and safety.
Employers
Employers and employees have a duty
of care towards each other and the
general public.
Workers
Employer Obligations
1. Provide employees with adequate
4. Ensuring that the way work is
information, and training to
done is safe and does not affect
perform their job safely
employees’ health.
2. Maintaining equipment used by
5. Involving employees and / or
staff, training for use of the
worker representatives in health
equipment and ensuring safe
and safety initiatives in the
systems of work.
workplace
3. Ensuring that the ways of storage,
6. Monitoring, recording and
handling and use of hazardous
evaluating workplace incidents.
substances are safe.
Employee Duties
1. Take reasonable care for their own
health & safety and that of anyone
else who may be affected.
2. Co-operate with employers to
comply with the requirements
imposed by or under the Act.
3. Report breaches of safety and
potential risks.
4. Work and behave in ways that are
safe.
5. Follow instructions imposed by the
employer that are legal.
Creating a Safe Work Place
Aspects that need to be focused on to
make the workplace safe are;
1. Design
2. Layout -
Space and Workflow
3. Structure -
Floors, Stairs, Doors and Windows
4. Services -
Ventilation, heating, lighting
5. Maintenance and housekeeping
Policies and Procedures
Policy
The position or stand that an
organization or an individual takes on an
issue. It is acceptable patterns of
behavior and practices in a workplace.
Procedures
The steps involved in carrying out a task
or duty. These are clear directions and
instructions to carry out a task in
step-by-step manner or specific action
to be taken in the event of
emergencies.
Reporting and Recording
Reporting and Recording
Although we strive to prevent accidents
we must have procedures in place for
reporting and recording details if an
event takes place.
After calling the ambulance or
administering first aid a written report
must be submitted to the employer.
Even a near miss must be reported!!
Reporting of Injuries, Disease and Dangerous Occurrences
Regulation - RIDDOR
RIDDOR is the law that requires employers, and other people in control of work
premises, to report and keep records of:
1. Work-related accidents which cause death
2. Work-related accidents which cause certain serious injuries
3. Diagnosed cases of certain industrial diseases
4. Certain ‘dangerous occurrences’ (incidents with the potential to cause harm).
Incidents Other than Accidents
that Need to be Reported
1. Verbal abuse
2. Threats
3. Assault
4. Anything that could lead to a serious
hazardous situation
Why Should We Report?
1. Investigation to assess risks.
2. Analysis to determine the reasons.
3. Prevention to reduce risks.
Procedure to Report an
Incident
The incident should be;
1. Recorded
2. Investigated
3. Risk-assessed
4. Control measures introduced
5. Reviewed
Information to be Recorded
1. Date
2. Time
3. Name of person recording
4. Brief description of accident
5. Witnesses
6. Action taken by whom
7. Result
Personal and
Environmental Hygiene
Policies and Procedures
Customers have the right to expect the
business to be free from pests and the
staff to be clean and healthy.
Clean glasses, utensils, rooms, and
linen, good quality and safe food and
beverage that will not make them sick.
If these are not provided, the business
will soon not have any customers to
service.
Personal Hygiene
The human body harbors germs and bacteria. The following is a list which will
ensure that the highest standards of hygiene are met;
1. Take daily showers.
6. Have clean, tidy hair tied back
and covered in food prep area.
2. Wear clean and ironed clothes.
7. Know when and how to wash
3. Limit the jewellery that you wear
your hands.
4. Clean your teeth regularly and
8. Perform your job in a clean and
ensure they are in good condition.
tidy manner and follow all work
place cleaning procedures.
5. Keep any open cuts and wounds
covered by using waterproof cover
9. Have short, clean nails with no
over a band aid or bandage.
nail polish.
Environmental Hygiene
1. Regularly clean the premises.
2. Control pests and vermin.
3. Implement a daily cleaning
schedule and clean equipment.
4. Maintain F&B service areas.
5. Follow correct storage and
garbage removal procedures.
6. Follow workplace “No Smoking”
requirements.
7. Follow clean as you go policy.
Risk Assessment and
Hazard Management
Hazard vs Risk
Hazard refers to anything having
Risk is the likelihood that a potential
potential to cause harm.
hazard will result in injury or disease.
1. Hazard management is the
1. The risk must also be measured in
identification of hazards in the
terms of the extent of injury that
workplace that poses a potential
may result.
threat and the implementation of
steps to eliminate those hazards.
2. Risk control is an employer
obligation, it means eliminating or
2. Hazards exist everywhere; what
reducing the likelihood of injury
action you take now may prevent
that could result from exposure to
your own injury.
the hazard.
Causes of Hazards
1. Poor design
6. Distraction and lack of attention.
- Bad infrastructure in building.
7. Working too quickly.
2. Poor signage.
8. Ignoring rules.
3. Bad housekeeping standards.
9. Not wearing PPE
4. Poor lighting or ventilation.
- personal protective equipment
5. Dangerous working practices.
10. Physical/mental state.
Minimizing Risk of Hazards
Risks are expressed as the likelihood of getting injured, whereas hazard refers to
the agent responsible. To minimize the risk of hazards we must have:
1. Improved and safe design of
5. Training staff in work practices.
building.
6. Reporting procedures, strict
2. Correct and clear/visible signage.
enforcement of rules.
3. Good housekeeping standard.
7. Correct use of PPE at all times.
4. Well lit and ventilated working
8. Physically/mentally ready to
areas.
work.
Steps in Risk Assessment
1. Identify all hazards.
2. Identify who is at risk.
3. Evaluate risks.
4. Implement control measures.
5. Record the assessment.
6. Review of steps.
Benefits of Risk Assessment
1. Prevents accidents and ill health.
2. Prioritises actions which improve
operational efficiency.
3. Financial savings.
4. Confidence in health and safety
measures.
5. Legal compliance.
Control Measures Against
Hazards
1. Remove or eliminate hazards.
2. Separate or isolate worker from
hazards.
3. Develop and use safe systems of
work, training, instruction and
supervision of workers.
4. Provide personal protection to
minimise risk.
Types of Hazards in the
Work Place
Types of Hazards
1. Physical Hazards
2. Chemical Hazards
3. Manual Handling Hazards
4. Psychological Hazards
5. General Hazards
Physical Hazards
Physical Hazards are those that have an
impact on the body through noise &
vibration, heat & cold.
Fatigue and lack of concentration which
can result in injury.
Industrial deafness - Caused by a result
of exposure to noise hazards in the
workplace.
Ways Machinery / Equipment can Cause Injuries
1. Entanglement/entrapment
2. Impact
From falling equipment
3. Contact
4. Faulty equipment
5. Inappropriate use of equipment
Control Measures to Prevent Injury
1. Training in the use of equipment
2. Using Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
3. Safe working procedures
4. Report faults
Chemical Hazards
Chemicals become dangerous from use
and misuse as a result of: -
1. Spillage
2. Handling
3. Leakage
4. Inhalation
5. Consumption
6. Incorrect Storage.
Types of Chemical Hazards
The nature of a chemical dictates how it
can affect us if mishandled.
1. Poisonous -
Toxic – ammonia
2. Corrosives can burn the skin –
Acid cleaners
3. Irritants can inflame the skin –
Detergents, cleaning chemicals
4. Explosive / flammable chemicals -
Gases, gels and spirits
Control Measures for Chemical Hazards
1. Training in the use of hazardous
substances.
2. Personal protective equipment
(PPE).
3. Safe working procedures.
4. Controlled distribution of
dangerous substances (chemicals)
5. Storage of chemicals separately
from food stuff.
6. Training in the use of equipment
Manual Handling
Manual handling like lifting, pulling and pushing, and carrying may result in injuries
and may pose health and safety risks, if proper OHS procedures are not followed.
Whenever manually handling things, always:
1. Assess the task
5. Ensure you have a clear path.
(distance, weight, temperature).
6. Check the environment is safe
2. Follow the correct procedure
(flooring, lighting and
(minimize the distance, correct
temperature, free from
number of people, correct
obstructions).
lifting/carrying equipment).
7. Ensure there is a clear place to
3. Reduce the load.
put the object.
4. Training staff in work practices.
8. Adopt the right posture.
Correct Lifting Procedure
1. Planning and preparation
Plan the lift and route, assess the
weight, size and temperature
2. Lift
Correct posture, feet shoulder
width apart, hold object close
to body
3. Move load
Hold close, clear visibility and
proceed carefully
4. Lower load
Check positioning
Manual Handling Injuries
1. Back/spinal injuries
2. Muscular injuries
3. Fractures
4. Sprains
5. Cuts
6. Bruises
Psychological Hazards
Psychological hazards are those that
impact our mental wellbeing.
The most common one is stress.
It may be caused due reduced staff
levels or pressure for increased
productivity, management change etc.
General Hazards
General hazards are the biggest cause of accidents in the workplace.
1. Poor storage and shelving
8. Poor and/or Unguarded lighting
2. Torn carpets
9. Protective clothing
3. Improperly placed safety signs
10. Incorrect use of equipment
4. Machinery without guards
11. Burns and heat related injuries
5. Sharp objects like knives
12. Cuts and wounds
6. Slippery floors
13. Slips and falls
7. Faulty or damaged equipment
14. Equipment related injuries
Personal Protective Equipment
1. Gloves to protect hands
2. Goggles and mask when using
hazardous chemicals
3. Back support when lifting weights
4. Safety shoes to protect against slips
and falls
5. Double breasted and long sleeve
cotton jackets to prevent burns
Standard Safety Signs
Hazard warning signs
Safe signs
Mandatory signs
(Triangle)
(Green)
(Blue)
Warning signs
Prohibition signs
Fire fighting signs
(Yellow)
(Red)
(Red)
Cost of Work Place Incidents
1. Human cost:
Physical Pain
2. Social cost:
Stress to family
Employer’s loss of labour
3. Financial cost:
Medical bills
Loss of pay
4. Psychological cost:
Mental trauma
Stress
Emergencies
What is an Emergency?
Emergency refers to an accident or
incident that results in or could result in
serious injury or even death. Example,
fire, explosion, etc.
Causes of Fires and Explosions
1. Electricity, electrical fault.
2. Gas leak.
3. Build up of gas.
4. Smoking.
5. Hot liquid/substances.
Emergencies Procedures
1. Moving the casualty from danger
zone (if possible)
2. Seek help from competent first
aider
3. Contact emergency services
4. Seek medical assistance urgently
Bomb Threats
These are usually made over the phone.
Take down information while Infer the following from the
speaking to the person such as;
conversation:
1. ‘who are you’
1. Determine if Male or Female.
2. ‘where is the bomb’
2. Do they have an accent?
3. ‘when will it go off’
3. Did you hear traffic or any other
background sounds?
4. ‘why are you threatening us’
4. Get information-
5. ‘what type of bomb is it’
as much as possible
Electrical Dangers
They result In;
1. Electric shock
2. Burns
3. Fire
4. Death
Measures to Prevent
Electricity Dangers
1. Testing and maintenance of
electrical equipment.
2. Use of qualified electricians.
3. Check cables and flex.
4. Use of correct fuses.
5. Circuit breakers.
6. Do not use faulty equipment.
Fires
Fires
All hospitality establishments are
covered by legislation which ensures
that;
1. All exit and fire escapes are clear
and well signed.
2. Fire extinguishers and blankets are
available and in working order
3. Exit doors clearly marked
4. Smoke and fire alarms installed
5. Have regular fire drills
Procedures to Follow During a Fire
1. Raise an alarm.
2. Switch off power.
3. Never use a lift in an emergency
4. Follow the procedures of the
establishments.
5. Call for help (first aid, ambulance)
6. Call the reception and report
the fire.
7. Follow legal requirements.
Firefighting
Firefighting is the act of extinguishing
fires to prevent loss of life, and
destruction of property and the
environment.
Firefighting is a well-trained technical
skill that requires training in both
specialized and general fire fighting
techniques.
Classes of Fire
Fire Triangle
The fire triangle or combustion triangle
is a simple model for understanding the
ingredients necessary for most fires.
The triangle illustrates a fire requires
three elements: heat, fuel, and an
oxidizing agent (oxygen).
The fire is prevented or extinguished by
removing any one of them.
A fire naturally occurs when the
elements are combined in the right
mixture.
Fire Fighting Requirements
Fire fighting requires the removal of;
1. Fuel (remove the source of fuel).
2. Oxygen (restrict the supply of
oxygen by smothering).
3. Heat (remove the heat).
Fire Fighting Equipment
1. Fire extinguishers.
2. Sand buckets.
3. Fire blankets/mineral blanket.
Fire Extinguisher
Fire extinguisher, flame extinguisher, or
simply an extinguisher, is a device used
to extinguish or control small fires,
often in emergency situations.
It is not intended for use on an
out-of-control fire, such as one which
has reached the ceiling, endangers the
user.
Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a
hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel
containing an agent which can be
discharged to extinguish a fire.
Types of Extinguishers
Water or Air Pressurized Water Fire
Extinguisher -
Recommended for fires caused from
wood, paper, textile, and solid material
fires.
CAUTION for APW Fire Extinguishers -
is DO NOT USE on liquid, electrical or
metal fires.
Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher -
Is recommended for fires caused from
liquid and electrical fires.
CAUTION for Powder Fire Extinguisher
is DO NOT USE on metal fires.
Types of Extinguishers Cont.
Foam Fire Extinguisher -
Recommended for fires caused from
liquid fires.
CAUTION for Foam Fire Extinguishers
is DO NOT USE on electrical or metal
fires.
Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher –
Recommended for fires caused from
liquid and electrical sources.
CAUTION of Carbon Dioxide Fire
Extinguisher is DO NOT USE on metal
fires.
Assembly Point
In case of fire immediately raise an
alarm, inform others and evacuate in an
orderly manner.
Assemble outside the building and call
civil defense (997) or applicable number
for assistance.
The Fire assembly point is generally
outside the main entrance of the
building and stand a minimum of 20
feet away from the building.
First Aid
First Aid in the Workplace
Legislation requires employers to
provide adequate facilities for the
welfare of employees.
Therefore the employer is obliged to
make available facilities for the
administration of first aid.
First Aid can be defined as the
application of emergency care, in the
first instance to an injury.
Sometimes this may be a temporary
measure before removal to hospital or
attendance by a doctor.
Burns - Precautions and First Aid
This is a common kitchen injury and should be treated immediately
Preventive Measures
Don’ts
1. Use Protective clothing and
1. Touch affected area.
equipment - tea towels, oven
2. Burst blisters
gloves, cotton uniform.
3. Remove anything sticking
2. Use trolleys to carry hot things.
Dos
3. Follow SOPs.
1. Cool the affected area- hold
under cold running water (10min)
4. Use goggles and gloves when
2. If eyes – rinse with cold water
handling chemicals.
3. If chemical – at least 20 min.
under cold running water
Cuts - Precautions and First Aid
This is the most common kitchen injury and should be treated correctly
Precautions
First aid
1. Use the correct knife
1. Press the cut to stop bleeding
2. Use a sharp knife; a blunt knife
2. Hold it higher than heart level
will slip and cause injury
3. Dress it with sterile cotton
3. Handle correctly
dressing
4. Dry non greasy hands
Falls, Slips and Strains - Precautions and First Aid
Precautions
First aid
1. Wipe spills immediately
1. Do not stand up immediately or
make sudden movements
2. Clear obstructions
2. Check for broken bones, Sudden
3. Correct storage and proper
swelling is an indication of
shelving
fractures or sprains
4. Wear rubber soled shoe
3. If broken bones are suspected,
call for first aider/medical help
5. Good lighting
4. Support the suspected broken
6. Caution sign boards
bone, before moving
Electric Shock - Precautions and First Aid
Precautions
First aid
1. Proper earthling
1. Switch off the power
2. Protective covering
2. EAR
(expired air resuscitation)
3. Handling as per manufacturers
instruction
3. CPR
(cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
Poisoning - Precautions and First Aid
Precautions
First aid
1. Labeled container
1. For non-corrosive chemicals -
induce vomiting
2. To be kept under lock
2. Inhaled poison –
expose to fresh air
3. Absorption through skin -
wash the affected area
