REHABILITATION ARCHITECTURE FOR

PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Rehabilitation is "a set of tools that help people who are or may have a disability achieve and maintain optimal
functioning in their interactions with their surroundings." If rehabilitation measures are implemented in a timely manner,
they can lead to better health results. Reduces the chances of hospitalization and long-term disability. Rehabilitation
involves improving the ability of people to function and influence the environment. In addition, rehabilitation includes
prevention of loss of function, recovery of function, and increase or maintenance of current function.

NEED OF THE STUDY

• Low self-esteem and lack of self-confidence can plague people with disabilities. Providing equal access to
recreational activities can improve their total athletic performance, social and communicative competence, and
general health and well-being.
• The ability to perform controlled movements that require large muscles is known as gross motor skill. When people
with disabilities are physically active on a regular basis, their athletic performance is improved by increasing
strength, coordination, flexibility, and balance.
• Disability often affects the ability to improve social activities and communication skills. Participating in
extracurricular activities gives them the opportunity to overcome this hurdle, deepen social interaction, foster
friendships and acquire social skills.
• Involving children with disabilities in a recreational activity can help prevent a variety of emotional conditions,
including behavior, depression, difficulty adjusting to certain situations, stress, anxiety, and behavior. bad behavior.
• In order to realize the above utopia, a one-of-a-kind place is needed to invite those with bodies into the
aforementioned place, where equality still exists, where the limits of ability are physically erased. We need a symbol
that represents equality and the right to a quality of life for all. This therefore entails making healthy people aware
of disabilities.
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AIM

An Attempt to understand and propose design considerations of a rehabilitation centre for the disabled.

.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the required guidelines and standards for a barrier free built
environment
• To identify and analyse design parameters for a rehabilitation centre.

SCOPE
An opportunity to study the requirements and guidelines for a barrier free built
environment.

LIMITATION
• There is no detailed study on guidelines and criteria for a disability-friendly design
approach in this study.
• The time limit only leaves room for a qualitative survey of rehab facilities.

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METHODOLOGY

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

The purpose of this chapter is to understand the guidelines and spatial standards for a barrier free built
environments for the disabled and to consider specific architectural aspects when designing a rehabilitation
centre for people with disabilities.

➢ Barrier Free Environment

Barrier Free Environment is one which enables people with disabilities to move about safely and freely and to
use the facilities within the built environment. The goal of barrier free design is to provide an environment that
supports the independent functioning of individuals so that they can get to, and participate without assistance, in
everyday activities such as procurement of goods and services, community living, employment, and leisure.
(CPWD India ,1998)

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➢ Types of disabilities

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➢ Inclusive recreation

➢ Adaptive methods

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➢ Mobility devices

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➢ Controls

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➢ Range of reach

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➢ Construction and maintenance standard

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➢ Rehabilitation centre
Rehabilitation is the action of restoring someone to health through training and therapy after imprisonment, addictions, injury, and illness.
Below are some guidelines which you can incorporate while designing any rehabilitation centre.

• Have a Salutogenic approach to design

A salutogenic model applied in designing

Credit Valley Hospital Cancer care facilities
can be seen by its large open spaces, easy
wayfinding, and nature-inspired form.

• Home away from home

Subtle, calm colours and ample amount of daylight

of the Alpha healing centre in Gujarat make it feel like
home for patients taking drug addiction treatment.

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• Biophilic environment help in the healing process

Example- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in Singapore has designed healing

spaces with roof gardens, cascading greenery, sunken courtyard to make
you feel close to nature.

• Layout of furniture

One Taste Holistic Health Club in China utilizes natural materials

such as stone and wood for its interior. It uses niches for private
seating and bigger open spaces for social interaction and informal
seating layout.

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• Design open-air indoor activity spaces such as courtyards, amphitheatres, etc

Example Muktangan’s amphitheatre by Shirish Beri which has

an amphitheatre in the centre of the ward. It enhances the social
sphere and gives a protected feeling to the patient where lots of
activities can take place without the outside world’s distraction.

• Focus on the sense of control and manageability by patients

Epilepsy residential care home by Atelier Martel is designed with a focus on self-wayfinding and identification of spaces by patients
weakened by seizures. The square plan has four courtyards for different functions. The inner corridors have smooth tactile flooring and
walls are covered with colourful wool tapestry to give a sense of home and be an identification marker.

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• Create a sensory experience
“A healing Space” designed by 2form architecture is
inspired by Japanese design styles. It creates a space that is
rejuvenating from the moment you enter. It utilizes organic
materials and textures to give a holistic sensory experience of all
senses to its patients.

• Design interactive social spaces

Maggie’s Leeds centre by Heatherwick studio explores

natural and tactile materials, soft lighting, and a variety of social
interaction spaces. Rooftop gardens, multi-level spaces, and
diverse seating arrangements give plenty of choice for the patient’s
needs.

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• Include modern technology/ simulation areas

For Example, Ottawa Hospital installed state of art virtual simulation

screens to help people with a temporary disability to gain strength in
walking and social activities.

• Include different activity spaces

Therapeutic pools
Musholm extension
designed for La
rehabilitation center by
Esperanza School by
AART architects includes a
Fuster + Architects
large multipurpose hall with
sports facilities for
physically disabled people.

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CHAPTER 2
CASE STUDY AND ANALYSIS

[Link] Extension – Rehabilitation centre, DenmarkRehabilitation

Musholm Rehabilitation centre is situated by the Great Belt’s beautiful coastline, constructed in 2015 and has an area of
3200 m². It has received recognition as the world’s most socially inclusive building. The project was done by AART architects
together with the Danish muscular dystrophy foundation. With a view to creating a modern and fully accessible holiday centre,
the expansion is based on a simple layout where the new multi-purpose hall will be placed at the heart of the holiday centre,
while the new holiday homes will be located in the periphery of the holiday centre. .

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The multi-purpose hall is designed as a multi-functional development nucleus with
a 110-metre-long activity ramp that provides visitors, no matter their disability, the
opportunity to engage in physical activities.

The activity ramp thereby further boosts the image of Musholm as a place that
goes beyond traditional boundaries and invites people regardless of their disability
The multi-purpose hall at the heart and the to play, have experiences and form new communities.
remaining activities spread outwards like ripples in
water.

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Designed as a circular building, the holiday homes The interaction with the scenic surroundings is underlined by the consistent use of
adapt to the landscape and existing buildings and at wood. For instance, the facades on the hall and holiday homes are covered with
the same time, the circular gesture provides shelter larch wood, while the floors, walls and ceiling in the hall are covered with ash
in the open landscape and accentuates a sense of wood.
community.

The activities spread in ever-widening circles from the sports hall to the flats by
which the expansion provides a dynamic and fully accessible layout for the future
resort. The layout not only pushes the potential of accessible architecture. It also
offers panoramic view of the bay and the scenic surroundings from the sports hall
and the flats.
Ground floor plan

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Second floor plan

First floor plan

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COASTAL AREAS.
2. PERKESO rehabilitation centre, Melaka

PERKESO Rehabilitation Centre is a project that were initiated since 2008 while it was proposed and discussed many years
before that. The main purpose for this rehabilitation centre to be constructed is based on the positive attribute of providing those
with the PERKESO insurance holder and workers to undergo physiology and vocational rehabilitation so that they can return to
their old life.

Exterior Perspective of PERKESO Rehabilitation

Centre, Malacca, Malaysia.

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Building Program

This rehabilitation centre provides conducive healing program to those who are afflicted with physical disabilities where it excels in
providing physiotherapy, occupational therapy, hydrotherapy, speech impairment therapy and vocational training and healing that will
help the people to return to their work. Generally, this rehabilitation facility is the first of its kind that introduce an integration between
the program of therapeutic vocational rehabilitation, medical institute with an allied health institute.

The Integration of Pocket Garden with Internal Spaces while Manipulating

Light and Colour Emu late a Positive Space.

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Architectural Element

This PERKESO rehabilitation centre utilizing the element of nature in their

design with the implementation of nature friendly construction technology.
This facility was design with the therapeutic approach as the main
architectural language with the integration of high-tech devices and
information technology

the relation between the program and the purpose of

each one of them
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The main healthcare building utilizing the concept of The Healing Hand
where big enormous centralize block that will act as palm the hand on the
ground floor level while several other block will extrude out of the main
block giving the illusion of the finger

The ground level is consisting of the main entrance to the block and its drop
off, from the entrance, the user will be divided into two different group of
patients where the first group undergo industrial rehab and the second group
is those who want to get prosthetic at prosthetic workshop. For the first-
floor level of the facility, they were mainly focusing on treatment and
rehabilitation where they provide several types of treatment to the specific
type of patient

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The user will be directed towards healing facility where canteen, main
rehab block and hostel are organized in circular fashion with musolla being
the main pivotal point.

Analysis of Architectural elements of SOCSO

Rehabilitation centre

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Therapeutic Design Element

Each building from each cluster were given a unique

architectural language with all the cluster will be given an
emphasize on green design approach. A special treatment was
to be given to the building orientation, maximizing the use of
natural ventilation and lighting and shading panels
Implementing the concepts of
open corridor to provide natural
ventilation and lighting for the
building user.

The facility taking advantages of

different level of contour to plan
its interior compositions.

Analysis of therapeutic approach of SOCSO

Rehabilitation centre

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3. Paraplegic Centre, Kirkee Pune

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4. Groups of Disabled, Airoli

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Correlating the four literature case studies

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INFERENCE

Location and site planning

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Spatial organization

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Provision of amenities

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Visual character

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Views and vistas

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CONCLUSION

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REFERENCES

▪ CPWD, 1998. Guidelines and Space Standards for Barrier Free Built Environment for Disabled and Elderly Persons

▪ Nithin Mhapsekhar, 2021. 10 things to remember while designing Rehabilitation centres

▪ Sonika Sandip Kumta, 2017. Recreation training centre for differently abled

▪ Mihaela Zamfir Grigorescu, 2010, Different about energy. Types of contemporary architectural spaces as support for
kinetotherapy.

▪ Mohd Hanif Bin Masridin, 2019, Healing Architecture for Mobility Impaired Through Therapeutic Architecture

▪ Yes, therapy helps! Psychological online magazine,2021, The 6 types of disabilities and their characteristics
▪ Inclusive Recreation. Human Kinetics. 2010. pp. 71–7. ISBN 9780736087469.

▪ Musholm extension / AART Architects, 2015, ArchDaily

▪ Moving people regardless of disability, 2015, AART

▪ Kristen [Link] , 2011 , Rehabilitation Nursing
▪ Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation. Fundamental Principles of Disability, London, 1976.
▪ World Health Organisation. Document A29/INFDOCI/1, Geneva, Switzerland, 1976.
▪ Linton, Simi (1998). Claiming Disability: Knowledge and Identity

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