The Metro-Manila Developmental Screening
Test: a normative study.
Williams PD.
Abstract
This study aimed to establish Metro-Manila (Philippines) norms for the Denver Developmental
Screening Test and to determine the characteristics of children whose scores are normal and
those whose scores are abnormal or questionable on the test. The subjects were 6,006 children
from 4,846 households of Metro-Manila. Probit analysis established the ages at which 25%,
50%, 75%, and 90% of the sample passed each of the 105 test items. Discriminant analysis
showed four clusters of factors that were significantly associated with children's performance.
These were a substitute-care-giver variable cluster, a mother variable cluster, a child-situational
variable cluster, and an age variable cluster.
METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING TEST
MMDST- is a screening test, not and IQ test
-sought to establish baseline information on the developmental characteristics of
Filipino children
-determines what babies and children can do at certain ages
Sectors involved:
-first the personal social (the ability to socialize)
-fine-motor adaptive (the ability to use his hands to pick up objects and draw)
- language (the ability to hear and to follow directions) and lastly the gross motor (the
ability to jump, walk and sit).
Objectives
-To screen it the developmental milestone of the child is appropriately developed for his/her
age.
-To know the capability of the child at his/her age
-To know how the personal-social, fine motor adaptive, language and gross motor develops.
Ratings:
a.) P- pass
b.) F- failure
c.) R- refusal
d.) N.O.- no opportunity
Materials
1. Cubes
2. Cheese Curls
3. Cheese Curls and bottles
4. Bell
5. Ball
Child’s Profile
Name: Jasmin Joy Alavar
Date of Birth: January 21, 2004
Date of Test: February 28, 2008
Computation:
(Year) (Month) (Day)
2008 02 28
2004 01 21
__________________________
04 01 07
Age: 4 years, 1 month and 7 days
Mother: Alicia Alavar
Father: Silverio Alavar
FINE MOTOR ADAPTIVE
Draws 3 parts R The child refused in drawing a
picture of boy or a girl with only 3
parts
Picks Longer line P The child was able to pick the longer
line having 3 out of 3 trials
GROSS MOTOR
Balance on one foot in ten seconds P The child was able to stand on either
foot in 10 seconds for 3 trials
Hops in 1 foot P The child was able to hop in 1 foot
in a place without holding to
anything
Walk heel to toe P The child was able to walk heel to
toe in straight line for more than 4
steps placing toe 1 inch or less in
back of her heel having 2 out of 3
trials.
LANGUAGE
Opposite Analogies P The child gave appropriate opposite
word having 3 out of 3 analogies
Comprehensive P The child was able to give a logical
(cold, tired, hungry) answer for 3 out of 3 questions
Comprehensive 3 prepositions P The child was able to follow 3
directions correctly
Recommendation
Student nurses:
-nurses must be prepared
-nurses must be well equipped with knowledge
School
-fair in going to Tibungco should be part of tuition fee
-scheduled time should be strictly follow
Family
-gain knowledge for child development
Community
-improve cleanliness in community
-inform about things regarding child development
Conclusion
The child:
- was not able to pass all screen test
- was behaved, cooperative
- overcome shyness, felt comfortable
- developmental milestone was partially achieve
Student Nurses:
-no difficulty in conducting the test
DRUG STUDY
Generic name: Carbocisteine
Brand name: Solmux
Classification: Mucolytic
Suggested Dose:
Adults—2 caps or15 ml 5% syrup
With improvement---- 10 ml 5% syrup
3 times a day
Children between 2 to 5 years old
2.5 -5 ml 2.5% syrup
Children from 5 to 12 years old
10 ml 25% syrup
4 times a day
Mode of Action
- acts by altering the structure of mucus
- decrease mucus viscosity
- facilitates mucus removal by ciliary action or expectorant
Indications
-disease of respiratory system
- inflammatory diseases of middle ear and sinusal nose
Contraindications
-Hypersensitivity
-Ulcerated stomach
-kidney problems
-acute lometulonefrit
-anesthetic
-pregnancy
-breastfeeding
Drug interactions
-drug-drug interactions such as
-cephalosporins
-oral hypoglycemics
-anti-fungals
-metronidazole
Side effects
-Nausea
-vomiting
-pain in epigastria
-diarrhea
-jeluden-kisherne bleeding
-allergic reactions( skin rashes, swelling angioneuroticeski kwinke)
Adverse effects
-digestive intolerance
-gastric discomfort
-nausea
-diarrhea
-skin rash – due to presence of methyl hydroxybenzeate
Nursing Responsibilities
-used cautiously in patient with peptic ulceration history
-diabetic patient take consideration to quantity of sucrose in the product
Recommendation
-help each member in doing correctly the activities
-the group should act as a whole
-student nurse should be ready and active to avoid mistakes
-fellow students next year should continue the study for better improvement
-each member and community should participate and contribute something
Conclusion
-poverty is still widespread
-family coping index is on average level
-IDB- helpful in finding appropriate family background information
Acknowledgement
Thank you to:
-D3 group
-Alavar family
-Fortuno family
-Asis family
-conductor/ driver
-parents
-Tibungco community
-God
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbocisteine
http://medguides.medicines.org.uk/document.aspx?name=Carbocisteine
http://carbocisteine.livejournal.com/profile
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health
