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#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
import argparse
import base64
import calendar
import codecs
import errno
import getpass
import json
import logging
import os
import platform
import re
import select
import socket
import ssl
import subprocess
import sys
import time
from http.client import IncompleteRead
from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
from urllib.parse import quote as urlquote
from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse
from urllib.request import HTTPRedirectHandler, Request, build_opener, urlopen
from datetime import datetime
try:
from . import __version__
VERSION = __version__
except ImportError:
VERSION = "unknown"
FNULL = open(os.devnull, "w")
FILE_URI_PREFIX = "file://"
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
https_ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
if not https_ctx.get_ca_certs():
import warnings
warnings.warn('\n\nYOUR DEFAULT CA CERTS ARE EMPTY.\n' +
'PLEASE POPULATE ANY OF:' +
''.join([
'\n - ' + x
for x in ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
if type(x) is str
]) + '\n', stacklevel=2)
import certifi
https_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where())
def logging_subprocess(
popenargs, stdout_log_level=logging.DEBUG, stderr_log_level=logging.ERROR, **kwargs
):
"""
Variant of subprocess.call that accepts a logger instead of stdout/stderr,
and logs stdout messages via logger.debug and stderr messages via
logger.error.
"""
child = subprocess.Popen(
popenargs, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, **kwargs
)
if sys.platform == "win32":
logger.info(
"Windows operating system detected - no subprocess logging will be returned"
)
log_level = {child.stdout: stdout_log_level, child.stderr: stderr_log_level}
def check_io():
if sys.platform == "win32":
return
ready_to_read = select.select([child.stdout, child.stderr], [], [], 1000)[0]
for io in ready_to_read:
line = io.readline()
if not logger:
continue
if not (io == child.stderr and not line):
logger.log(log_level[io], line[:-1])
# keep checking stdout/stderr until the child exits
while child.poll() is None:
check_io()
check_io() # check again to catch anything after the process exits
rc = child.wait()
if rc != 0:
print("{} returned {}:".format(popenargs[0], rc), file=sys.stderr)
print("\t", " ".join(popenargs), file=sys.stderr)
return rc
def mkdir_p(*args):
for path in args:
try:
os.makedirs(path)
except OSError as exc: # Python >2.5
if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(path):
pass
else:
raise
def mask_password(url, secret="*****"):
parsed = urlparse(url)
if not parsed.password:
return url
elif parsed.password == "x-oauth-basic":
return url.replace(parsed.username, secret)
return url.replace(parsed.password, secret)
def parse_args(args=None):
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Backup a github account")
parser.add_argument("user", metavar="USER", type=str, help="github username")
parser.add_argument(
"-u", "--username", dest="username", help="username for basic auth"
)
parser.add_argument(
"-p",
"--password",
dest="password",
help="password for basic auth. "
"If a username is given but not a password, the "
"password will be prompted for.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-t",
"--token",
dest="token_classic",
help="personal access, OAuth, or JSON Web token, or path to token (file://...)",
) # noqa
parser.add_argument(
"-f",
"--token-fine",
dest="token_fine",
help="fine-grained personal access token (github_pat_....), or path to token (file://...)",
) # noqa
parser.add_argument(
"-q",
"--quiet",
action="store_true",
dest="quiet",
help="supress log messages less severe than warning, e.g. info",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--as-app",
action="store_true",
dest="as_app",
help="authenticate as github app instead of as a user.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-o",
"--output-directory",
default=".",
dest="output_directory",
help="directory at which to backup the repositories",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-l",
"--log-level",
default="info",
dest="log_level",
help="log level to use (default: info, possible levels: debug, info, warning, error, critical)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-i",
"--incremental",
action="store_true",
dest="incremental",
help="incremental backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--starred",
action="store_true",
dest="include_starred",
help="include JSON output of starred repositories in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--all-starred",
action="store_true",
dest="all_starred",
help="include starred repositories in backup [*]",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--watched",
action="store_true",
dest="include_watched",
help="include JSON output of watched repositories in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--followers",
action="store_true",
dest="include_followers",
help="include JSON output of followers in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--following",
action="store_true",
dest="include_following",
help="include JSON output of following users in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--all",
action="store_true",
dest="include_everything",
help="include everything in backup (not including [*])",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--issues",
action="store_true",
dest="include_issues",
help="include issues in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--issue-comments",
action="store_true",
dest="include_issue_comments",
help="include issue comments in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--issue-events",
action="store_true",
dest="include_issue_events",
help="include issue events in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--pulls",
action="store_true",
dest="include_pulls",
help="include pull requests in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--pull-comments",
action="store_true",
dest="include_pull_comments",
help="include pull request review comments in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--pull-commits",
action="store_true",
dest="include_pull_commits",
help="include pull request commits in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--pull-details",
action="store_true",
dest="include_pull_details",
help="include more pull request details in backup [*]",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--labels",
action="store_true",
dest="include_labels",
help="include labels in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--hooks",
action="store_true",
dest="include_hooks",
help="include hooks in backup (works only when authenticated)",
) # noqa
parser.add_argument(
"--milestones",
action="store_true",
dest="include_milestones",
help="include milestones in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--repositories",
action="store_true",
dest="include_repository",
help="include repository clone in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--bare", action="store_true", dest="bare_clone", help="clone bare repositories"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--no-prune",
action="store_true",
dest="no_prune",
help="disable prune option for git fetch",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--lfs",
action="store_true",
dest="lfs_clone",
help="clone LFS repositories (requires Git LFS to be installed, https://git-lfs.github.com) [*]",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--wikis",
action="store_true",
dest="include_wiki",
help="include wiki clone in backup",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--gists",
action="store_true",
dest="include_gists",
help="include gists in backup [*]",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--starred-gists",
action="store_true",
dest="include_starred_gists",
help="include starred gists in backup [*]",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--skip-archived",
action="store_true",
dest="skip_archived",
help="skip project if it is archived",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--skip-existing",
action="store_true",
dest="skip_existing",
help="skip project if a backup directory exists",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-L",
"--languages",
dest="languages",
help="only allow these languages",
nargs="*",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-N",
"--name-regex",
dest="name_regex",
help="python regex to match names against",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-H", "--github-host", dest="github_host", help="GitHub Enterprise hostname"
)
parser.add_argument(
"-O",
"--organization",
action="store_true",
dest="organization",
help="whether or not this is an organization user",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-R",
"--repository",
dest="repository",
help="name of repository to limit backup to",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-P",
"--private",
action="store_true",
dest="private",
help="include private repositories [*]",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-F",
"--fork",
action="store_true",
dest="fork",
help="include forked repositories [*]",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--prefer-ssh",
action="store_true",
help="Clone repositories using SSH instead of HTTPS",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-v", "--version", action="version", version="%(prog)s " + VERSION
)
parser.add_argument(
"--keychain-name",
dest="osx_keychain_item_name",
help="OSX ONLY: name field of password item in OSX keychain that holds the personal access or OAuth token",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--keychain-account",
dest="osx_keychain_item_account",
help="OSX ONLY: account field of password item in OSX keychain that holds the personal access or OAuth token",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--releases",
action="store_true",
dest="include_releases",
help="include release information, not including assets or binaries",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--latest-releases",
type=int,
default=0,
dest="number_of_latest_releases",
help="include certain number of the latest releases; only applies if including releases",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--skip-prerelease",
action="store_true",
dest="skip_prerelease",
help="skip prerelease and draft versions; only applies if including releases",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--assets",
action="store_true",
dest="include_assets",
help="include assets alongside release information; only applies if including releases",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--throttle-limit",
dest="throttle_limit",
type=int,
default=0,
help="start throttling of GitHub API requests after this amount of API requests remain",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--throttle-pause",
dest="throttle_pause",
type=float,
default=30.0,
help="wait this amount of seconds when API request throttling is active (default: 30.0, requires --throttle-limit to be set)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--exclude", dest="exclude", help="names of repositories to exclude", nargs="*"
)
return parser.parse_args(args)
def get_auth(args, encode=True, for_git_cli=False):
auth = None
if args.osx_keychain_item_name:
if not args.osx_keychain_item_account:
raise Exception(
"You must specify both name and account fields for osx keychain password items"
)
else:
if platform.system() != "Darwin":
raise Exception("Keychain arguments are only supported on Mac OSX")
try:
with open(os.devnull, "w") as devnull:
token = subprocess.check_output(
[
"security",
"find-generic-password",
"-s",
args.osx_keychain_item_name,
"-a",
args.osx_keychain_item_account,
"-w",
],
stderr=devnull,
).strip()
token = token.decode("utf-8")
auth = token + ":" + "x-oauth-basic"
except subprocess.SubprocessError:
raise Exception(
"No password item matching the provided name and account could be found in the osx keychain."
)
elif args.osx_keychain_item_account:
raise Exception(
"You must specify both name and account fields for osx keychain password items"
)
elif args.token_fine:
if args.token_fine.startswith(FILE_URI_PREFIX):
args.token_fine = read_file_contents(args.token_fine)
if args.token_fine.startswith("github_pat_"):
auth = args.token_fine
else:
raise Exception(
"Fine-grained token supplied does not look like a GitHub PAT"
)
elif args.token_classic:
if args.token_classic.startswith(FILE_URI_PREFIX):
args.token_classic = read_file_contents(args.token_classic)
if not args.as_app:
auth = args.token_classic + ":" + "x-oauth-basic"
else:
if not for_git_cli:
auth = args.token_classic
else:
auth = "x-access-token:" + args.token_classic
elif args.username:
if not args.password:
args.password = getpass.getpass()
if encode:
password = args.password
else:
password = urlquote(args.password)
auth = args.username + ":" + password
elif args.password:
raise Exception("You must specify a username for basic auth")
if not auth:
return None
if not encode or args.token_fine is not None:
return auth
return base64.b64encode(auth.encode("ascii"))
def get_github_api_host(args):
if args.github_host:
host = args.github_host + "/api/v3"
else:
host = "api.github.com"
return host
def get_github_host(args):
if args.github_host:
host = args.github_host
else:
host = "github.com"
return host
def read_file_contents(file_uri):
return open(file_uri[len(FILE_URI_PREFIX):], "rt").readline().strip()
def get_github_repo_url(args, repository):
if repository.get("is_gist"):
if args.prefer_ssh:
# The git_pull_url value is always https for gists, so we need to transform it to ssh form
repo_url = re.sub(
r"^https?:\/\/(.+)\/(.+)\.git$",
r"git@\1:\2.git",
repository["git_pull_url"],
)
repo_url = re.sub(
r"^git@gist\.", "git@", repo_url
) # strip gist subdomain for better hostkey compatibility
else:
repo_url = repository["git_pull_url"]
return repo_url
if args.prefer_ssh:
return repository["ssh_url"]
auth = get_auth(args, encode=False, for_git_cli=True)
if auth:
repo_url = "https://{0}@{1}/{2}/{3}.git".format(
auth if args.token_fine is None else "oauth2:" + auth,
get_github_host(args),
repository["owner"]["login"],
repository["name"],
)
else:
repo_url = repository["clone_url"]
return repo_url
def retrieve_data_gen(args, template, query_args=None, single_request=False):
auth = get_auth(args, encode=not args.as_app)
query_args = get_query_args(query_args)
per_page = 100
page = 0
while True:
page = page + 1
request = _construct_request(
per_page,
page,
query_args,
template,
auth,
as_app=args.as_app,
fine=True if args.token_fine is not None else False,
) # noqa
r, errors = _get_response(request, auth, template)
status_code = int(r.getcode())
# Check if we got correct data
try:
response = json.loads(r.read().decode("utf-8"))
except IncompleteRead:
logger.warning("Incomplete read error detected")
read_error = True
except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
logger.warning("JSON decode error detected")
read_error = True
except TimeoutError:
logger.warning("Tiemout error detected")
read_error = True
else:
read_error = False
# be gentle with API request limit and throttle requests if remaining requests getting low
limit_remaining = int(r.headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining", 0))
if args.throttle_limit and limit_remaining <= args.throttle_limit:
logger.info(
"API request limit hit: {} requests left, pausing further requests for {}s".format(
limit_remaining, args.throttle_pause
)
)
time.sleep(args.throttle_pause)
retries = 0
while retries < 3 and (status_code == 502 or read_error):
logger.warning("API request failed. Retrying in 5 seconds")
retries += 1
time.sleep(5)
request = _construct_request(
per_page,
page,
query_args,
template,
auth,
as_app=args.as_app,
fine=True if args.token_fine is not None else False,
) # noqa
r, errors = _get_response(request, auth, template)
status_code = int(r.getcode())
try:
response = json.loads(r.read().decode("utf-8"))
read_error = False
except IncompleteRead:
logger.warning("Incomplete read error detected")
read_error = True
except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
logger.warning("JSON decode error detected")
read_error = True
except TimeoutError:
logger.warning("Tiemout error detected")
read_error = True
if status_code != 200:
template = "API request returned HTTP {0}: {1}"
errors.append(template.format(status_code, r.reason))
raise Exception(", ".join(errors))
if read_error:
template = "API request problem reading response for {0}"
errors.append(template.format(request))
raise Exception(", ".join(errors))
if len(errors) == 0:
if type(response) is list:
for resp in response:
yield resp
if len(response) < per_page:
break
elif type(response) is dict and single_request:
yield response
if len(errors) > 0:
raise Exception(", ".join(errors))
if single_request:
break
def retrieve_data(args, template, query_args=None, single_request=False):
return list(retrieve_data_gen(args, template, query_args, single_request))
def get_query_args(query_args=None):
if not query_args:
query_args = {}
return query_args
def _get_response(request, auth, template):
retry_timeout = 3
errors = []
# We'll make requests in a loop so we can
# delay and retry in the case of rate-limiting
while True:
should_continue = False
try:
r = urlopen(request, context=https_ctx)
except HTTPError as exc:
errors, should_continue = _request_http_error(exc, auth, errors) # noqa
r = exc
except URLError as e:
logger.warning(e.reason)
should_continue, retry_timeout = _request_url_error(template, retry_timeout)
if not should_continue:
raise
except socket.error as e:
logger.warning(e.strerror)
should_continue, retry_timeout = _request_url_error(template, retry_timeout)
if not should_continue:
raise
if should_continue:
continue
break
return r, errors
def _construct_request(
per_page, page, query_args, template, auth, as_app=None, fine=False
):
querystring = urlencode(
dict(
list({"per_page": per_page, "page": page}.items())
+ list(query_args.items())
)
)
request = Request(template + "?" + querystring)
if auth is not None:
if not as_app:
if fine:
request.add_header("Authorization", "token " + auth)
else:
request.add_header("Authorization", "Basic ".encode("ascii") + auth)
else:
auth = auth.encode("ascii")
request.add_header("Authorization", "token ".encode("ascii") + auth)
request.add_header(
"Accept", "application/vnd.github.machine-man-preview+json"
)
logger.info("Requesting {}?{}".format(template, querystring))
return request
def _request_http_error(exc, auth, errors):
# HTTPError behaves like a Response so we can
# check the status code and headers to see exactly
# what failed.
should_continue = False
headers = exc.headers
limit_remaining = int(headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining", 0))
if exc.code == 403 and limit_remaining < 1:
# The X-RateLimit-Reset header includes a
# timestamp telling us when the limit will reset
# so we can calculate how long to wait rather
# than inefficiently polling:
gm_now = calendar.timegm(time.gmtime())
reset = int(headers.get("x-ratelimit-reset", 0)) or gm_now
# We'll never sleep for less than 10 seconds:
delta = max(10, reset - gm_now)
limit = headers.get("x-ratelimit-limit")
logger.warning(
"Exceeded rate limit of {} requests; waiting {} seconds to reset".format(
limit, delta
)
) # noqa
if auth is None:
logger.info("Hint: Authenticate to raise your GitHub rate limit")
time.sleep(delta)
should_continue = True
return errors, should_continue
def _request_url_error(template, retry_timeout):
# In case of a connection timing out, we can retry a few time
# But we won't crash and not back-up the rest now
logger.info("'{}' timed out".format(template))
retry_timeout -= 1
if retry_timeout >= 0:
return True, retry_timeout
raise Exception("'{}' timed out to much, skipping!".format(template))
class S3HTTPRedirectHandler(HTTPRedirectHandler):
"""
A subclassed redirect handler for downloading Github assets from S3.
urllib will add the Authorization header to the redirected request to S3, which will result in a 400,
so we should remove said header on redirect.
"""
def redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl):
request = super(S3HTTPRedirectHandler, self).redirect_request(
req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl
)
del request.headers["Authorization"]
return request
def download_file(url, path, auth, as_app=False, fine=False):
# Skip downloading release assets if they already exist on disk so we don't redownload on every sync
if os.path.exists(path):
return
request = _construct_request(per_page=100,
page=1,
query_args={},
template=url,
auth=auth,
as_app=as_app,
fine=fine)
request.add_header("Accept", "application/octet-stream")
opener = build_opener(S3HTTPRedirectHandler)
try:
response = opener.open(request)
chunk_size = 16 * 1024
with open(path, "wb") as f:
while True:
chunk = response.read(chunk_size)
if not chunk:
break
f.write(chunk)
except HTTPError as exc:
# Gracefully handle 404 responses (and others) when downloading from S3
logger.warning(
"Skipping download of asset {0} due to HTTPError: {1}".format(
url, exc.reason
)
)
except URLError as e:
# Gracefully handle other URL errors
logger.warning(
"Skipping download of asset {0} due to URLError: {1}".format(url, e.reason)
)
except socket.error as e:
# Gracefully handle socket errors
# TODO: Implement retry logic
logger.warning(
"Skipping download of asset {0} due to socker error: {1}".format(
url, e.strerror
)
)
def get_authenticated_user(args):
template = "https://{0}/user".format(get_github_api_host(args))
data = retrieve_data(args, template, single_request=True)
return data[0]
def check_git_lfs_install():
exit_code = subprocess.call(["git", "lfs", "version"])
if exit_code != 0:
raise Exception(
"The argument --lfs requires you to have Git LFS installed.\nYou can get it from https://git-lfs.github.com."
)
def retrieve_repositories(args, authenticated_user):
logger.info("Retrieving repositories")
single_request = False
if args.user == authenticated_user["login"]:
# we must use the /user/repos API to be able to access private repos
template = "https://{0}/user/repos".format(get_github_api_host(args))
else:
if args.private and not args.organization:
logger.warning(
"Authenticated user is different from user being backed up, thus private repositories cannot be accessed"
)
template = "https://{0}/users/{1}/repos".format(
get_github_api_host(args), args.user
)
if args.organization:
template = "https://{0}/orgs/{1}/repos".format(
get_github_api_host(args), args.user
)
if args.repository:
single_request = True
template = "https://{0}/repos/{1}/{2}".format(
get_github_api_host(args), args.user, args.repository
)
repos = retrieve_data(args, template, single_request=single_request)
if args.all_starred:
starred_template = "https://{0}/users/{1}/starred".format(
get_github_api_host(args), args.user
)
starred_repos = retrieve_data(args, starred_template, single_request=False)
# flag each repo as starred for downstream processing
for item in starred_repos:
item.update({"is_starred": True})
repos.extend(starred_repos)
if args.include_gists:
gists_template = "https://{0}/users/{1}/gists".format(
get_github_api_host(args), args.user
)
gists = retrieve_data(args, gists_template, single_request=False)
# flag each repo as a gist for downstream processing
for item in gists:
item.update({"is_gist": True})
repos.extend(gists)
if args.include_starred_gists:
starred_gists_template = "https://{0}/gists/starred".format(
get_github_api_host(args)
)
starred_gists = retrieve_data(
args, starred_gists_template, single_request=False
)
# flag each repo as a starred gist for downstream processing
for item in starred_gists:
item.update({"is_gist": True, "is_starred": True})
repos.extend(starred_gists)
return repos
def filter_repositories(args, unfiltered_repositories):
logger.info("Filtering repositories")
repositories = []
for r in unfiltered_repositories:
# gists can be anonymous, so need to safely check owner
if r.get("owner", {}).get("login") == args.user or r.get("is_starred"):
repositories.append(r)
name_regex = None
if args.name_regex:
name_regex = re.compile(args.name_regex)
languages = None
if args.languages:
languages = [x.lower() for x in args.languages]
if not args.fork:
repositories = [r for r in repositories if not r.get("fork")]
if not args.private:
repositories = [
r for r in repositories if not r.get("private") or r.get("public")
]
if languages:
repositories = [
r
for r in repositories
if r.get("language") and r.get("language").lower() in languages
] # noqa
if name_regex:
repositories = [r for r in repositories if name_regex.match(r["name"])]
if args.skip_archived:
repositories = [r for r in repositories if not r.get("archived")]
if args.exclude:
repositories = [r for r in repositories if r["name"] not in args.exclude]
return repositories
def backup_repositories(args, output_directory, repositories):
logger.info("Backing up repositories")
repos_template = "https://{0}/repos".format(get_github_api_host(args))
if args.incremental:
last_update_path = os.path.join(output_directory, "last_update")
if os.path.exists(last_update_path):
args.since = open(last_update_path).read().strip()
else:
args.since = None
else:
args.since = None
last_update = "0000-00-00T00:00:00Z"
for repository in repositories:
if "updated_at" in repository and repository["updated_at"] > last_update:
last_update = repository["updated_at"]
elif "pushed_at" in repository and repository["pushed_at"] > last_update:
last_update = repository["pushed_at"]
if repository.get("is_gist"):
repo_cwd = os.path.join(output_directory, "gists", repository["id"])
elif repository.get("is_starred"):
# put starred repos in -o/starred/${owner}/${repo} to prevent collision of
# any repositories with the same name
repo_cwd = os.path.join(
output_directory,
"starred",
repository["owner"]["login"],
repository["name"],
)
else:
repo_cwd = os.path.join(
output_directory, "repositories", repository["name"]
)
repo_dir = os.path.join(repo_cwd, "repository")
repo_url = get_github_repo_url(args, repository)
include_gists = args.include_gists or args.include_starred_gists
if (args.include_repository or args.include_everything) or (
include_gists and repository.get("is_gist")
):
repo_name = (
repository.get("name")