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‎python_advance/main.md‎

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## Python进阶
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1. [Python中的下划线](Python中的下划线.md)
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2. [可迭代对象、迭代器、生成器](可迭代对象迭代器生成器.md)
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3. [位置参数、默认参数、可变参数、关键字参数](位置参数默认参数可变参数关键字参数.md)
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4. [模块和包](模块和包.md)
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5. [通用日志模块](通用日志模块.md)

‎python_advance/位置参数默认参数可变参数关键字参数.md‎

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## 位置参数、默认参数、可变参数、关键字参数
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#### 1.位置参数：传入的参数按照顺序依次赋值
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```python
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def power(x,n): # x,n是位置参数，传入的值按照位置依次赋值给x，n
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pass
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```
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#### 2.默认参数：参数有指定的默认值
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```python
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def power(x,n=2): # n是默认参数，默认值为2
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pass
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```
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#### 3.可变参数 *args：可变参数允许传入0或多个参数，这些参数在函数调用时自动组成一个tuple。
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```python
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def methoda(*numbers):
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print(numbers)
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# (1, 2, 3, 3)
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methoda(1,2,3,3)
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```
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#### 4.关键字参数：关键字参数运行传入0或多个值，这些关键字参数在函数调用时自动组成一个dict。
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```python
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def methoda(**kwargs):
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print(kwargs)
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# {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
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methoda(a=1,b=2)
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```

‎python_advance/可迭代对象迭代器生成器.md‎

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## 可迭代对象、迭代器、生成器
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#### 1.可迭代对象-Iterable
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**可以直接作用于for循环的对象称为可迭代对象。**可迭代对象包含一个\_\_iter__方法，或者\_\_getitem__方法，其中\_\_iter__方法返回一个迭代器。可迭代对象一类是集合数据类型，如list, tuple, dict, set, str等；另一类是生成器generator。
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#### 2.迭代器-Iterator
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**可以作用于next()方法的对象都是迭代器，迭代器对象必须实现\_\_next__()方法。**
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#### 3.生成器-generator
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**生成器实现了\_\_iter__方法和\_\_next__()方法，既是可迭代对象也是迭代器。**
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#### 4.生成器函数
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**在函数中如果出现yield关键字，那这个函数就是生成器函数，调用生成器函数，返回一个生成器。**
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#### 5.原理与实现
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for循环的时候，如果循环的是Iterable可迭代对象，会调用可迭代对象的\_\_iter__(),返回一个迭代器，然后调用迭代器的\_\_next__()方法，直到遇到StopIteration异常跳出循环；如果循环的是一个迭代器，直接调用迭代器的\_\_next__()方法，直到遇到StopIteration异常跳出循环。
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实现一个迭代器和可迭代对象：
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```python
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class AIterator():
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def __init__(self,s,e):
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self.current = s
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self.e = e
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def __next__(self):
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if self.current < self.e:
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self.index = self.current
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self.current += 1
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return self.index
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else:
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raise StopIteration
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class AIterable():
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def __init__(self, s, e):
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self.s = s
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self.e = e
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def __iter__(self):
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return AIterator(self.s, self.e)
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a = AIterable(0,5)
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for i in a:
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print(i)
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```

‎python_advance/模块和包.md‎

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## 模块和包
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* 模块：Python中每个有效的.py文件，就是一个python模块。
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* 包：每个包含__init__.py的文件夹，就是一个python包。
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#### \_\_name__
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**每个有效的python文件都是一个模块，\_\_name__是标识模块名称的系统变量。**
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* 如果模块是被导入的，\_\_name__就是模块名，.py文件的文件名.
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* 如果模块是被直接执行的，\_\_name__就是’__main__’
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test1.py
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```python
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def test():
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print('__name__ is : ', __name__) # __name__ is : __main__
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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test()
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```
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test2.py
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```python
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import test1
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def test():
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print('__name__ is: ', __name__) # __name__ is: __main__
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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test()
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print(test1.test()) # test1
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```

‎python_advance/通用日志模块.md‎

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## 通用日志模块
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#### 按日期记录日志，只保留最近十五天的日志。
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```python
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
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import os
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import re
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import sys
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import logging
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import logging.handlers
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class GraceLog:
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"""
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日志模块
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CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET
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self.loggers = [logging.NOTSET,logging.DEBUG,logging.INFO,logging.WARNING,logging.ERROR,logging.CRITICAL]
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项目中可以所有模块共用一个log模块，也可以各个模块单独使用一个log模块
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"""
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def __init__(self, log_dir, log_name, backup_day=14):
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"""
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:param log_dir: 存放log文件夹的路径，通常为项目根目录绝对路径，
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:param log_name: 日志文件夹名，通常为模块名，
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:param console_show: 是否在console上显示输出
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"""
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self.log_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(log_dir, 'log'))
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self.log_name = log_name
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self.backup_day = backup_day
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# console和log file都共用一个格式
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self.log_formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s * [{}] %(message)s'.format(self.log_name))
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# 每个等级一个logger
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self.logger_debug = self.create_logger(logging.DEBUG)
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self.logger_info = self.create_logger(logging.INFO)
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self.logger_error = self.create_logger(logging.ERROR)
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def create_logger(self, level):
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logger = logging.getLogger(self.log_name + str(level))
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logger.setLevel(level)
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if level == logging.INFO: # 通常只有info的logger需要添加，因为其他登录的logger都会执行一次info
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self.add_handler_stream(logger, level)
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self.add_handler_time_totate(logger)
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return logger
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def add_handler_stream(self, logger, level):
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"""
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添加StreamHandler，让日志输出到console
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通常只有info的logger需要添加，因为其他登录的logger都会执行一次info
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:param logger:
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:param level:
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:return:
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"""
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stream_console = logging.StreamHandler(stream=sys.stdout)
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stream_console.setLevel(level)
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stream_console.setFormatter(self.log_formatter)
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logger.addHandler(stream_console)
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def add_handler_time_totate(self, logger):
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"""
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记录日志，并实现定期删除日志功能
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:param logger:
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:return:
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"""
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os.makedirs(os.path.join(self.log_dir, self.log_name), exist_ok=True)
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# E:\interface-server\dev2web\log\[baihonglte]\error
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log_file_path = os.path.join(self.log_dir, self.log_name, logging.getLevelName(logger.level).lower())
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handler = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file_path, encoding='utf-8', when='midnight',
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interval=1, backupCount=self.backup_day)
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handler.suffix = '%Y%m%d.log'
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handler.extMatch = re.compile(r'^\d{8}.log$') # 只有填写了此变量才能删除旧日志
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handler.setFormatter(self.log_formatter)
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logger.addHandler(handler)
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def debug(self, message):
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level_name = logging.getLevelName(logging.DEBUG)
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self.info(message, level_name)
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self.logger_debug.debug('[{}] {}'.format(level_name, message))
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def info(self, message, level_name=None):
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if not level_name:
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level_name = logging.getLevelName(logging.INFO)
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self.logger_info.info('[{}] {}'.format(level_name, message))
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def error(self, message):
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level_name = logging.getLevelName(logging.ERROR)
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self.info(message, level_name)
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self.logger_error.error('[{}] {}'.format(level_name, message))
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mylog = GraceLog(os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0], "mylog")
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```
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#### 函数形式
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```python
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def log_record(log_filename):
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"""
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日志模块配置
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CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET
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"""
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dir_path = os.path.split(__file__)[0]
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logdir = os.path.join(dir_path, 'log')
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try:
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os.makedirs(logdir, exist_ok=True)
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except FileExistsError:
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pass
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myapp = logging.getLogger(os.path.basename(log_filename))
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myapp.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
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# 按照每天一个日志，保留最近14个
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filehandler = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(
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filename='%s/%s' % (logdir, os.path.basename(log_filename)),
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when='midnight', interval=1, backupCount=14)
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filehandler.suffix = '%Y%m%d.log'
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filehandler.extMatch = re.compile(r'^\d{8}.log$') # 只有填写了此变量才能删除旧日志
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filehandler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(message)s'))
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myapp.addHandler(filehandler)
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# 让日志输出到console
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console = logging.StreamHandler()
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console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
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console.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(message)s'))
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myapp.addHandler(console)
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return myapp
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mylog = log_record('mylog')
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```

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