jsonpickle · davvid · Dec 9, 2025 · Dec 9, 2025 · Dec 9, 2025 · Dec 9, 2025
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ DATEANDTIME=$(shell date +%Y-%m-%dT%T%z)
 
 # External commands
 BLACK ?= black
+ISORT ?= isort
 CTAGS ?= ctags
 FIND ?= find
 PYTHON ?= python3
@@ -147,5 +148,6 @@ clean::
 .PHONY: clean
 
 format::
-	$(BLACK) --skip-string-normalization --target-version py310 $(PYTHON_DIRS)
+	$(BLACK) $(PYTHON_DIRS)
+	$(ISORT) --profile=black $(PYTHON_DIRS)
 .PHONY: format
diff --git a/conftest.py b/conftest.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
-collect_ignore = ['contrib', 'examples', 'build']
+collect_ignore = ["contrib", "examples", "build"]
 
 
 def pytest_ignore_collect(collection_path, config):
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def pytest_ignore_collect(collection_path, config):
 
 def pytest_addoption(parser):
     parser.addoption(
-        '--repeat', action='store', help='Number of times to repeat each test'
+        "--repeat", action="store", help="Number of times to repeat each test"
     )
 
 
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
         # We're going to duplicate these tests by parametrizing them,
         # which requires that each test has a fixture to accept the parameter.
         # We can add a new fixture like so:
-        metafunc.fixturenames.append('tmp_ct')
+        metafunc.fixturenames.append("tmp_ct")
 
         # Now we parametrize. This is what happens when we do e.g.,
         # @pytest.mark.parametrize('tmp_ct', range(count))
         # def test_foo(): pass
-        metafunc.parametrize('tmp_ct', range(count))
+        metafunc.parametrize("tmp_ct", range(count))
diff --git a/contrib/pyqt-reduce-handler.py b/contrib/pyqt-reduce-handler.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 import jsonpickle
 from jsonpickle import handlers
 
-text_type = eval('unicode') if str is bytes else str
+text_type = eval("unicode") if str is bytes else str
 
 
 class QReduceHandler(handlers.BaseHandler):
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ def flatten(self, obj, data):
         if not pickler.unpicklable:
             return text_type(obj)
         flatten = pickler.flatten
-        data['__reduce__'] = [flatten(i, reset=False) for i in obj.__reduce__()[1]]
+        data["__reduce__"] = [flatten(i, reset=False) for i in obj.__reduce__()[1]]
         return data
 
     def restore(self, data):
         unpickler = self.context
         restore = unpickler.restore
-        reduced = [restore(i, reset=False) for i in data['__reduce__']]
+        reduced = [restore(i, reset=False) for i in data["__reduce__"]]
         modulename = reduced[0]
         classname = reduced[1]
         args = reduced[2]

diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
@@ -14,42 +14,42 @@
 sys.path.insert(1, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 extensions = [
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    'sphinx.ext.doctest',
-    'sphinx.ext.todo',
-    'sphinx.ext.coverage',
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.doctest",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "sphinx.ext.coverage",
 ]
 
-project = 'jsonpickle'
-master_doc = 'index'
+project = "jsonpickle"
+master_doc = "index"
 
 if furo is not None:
-    html_theme = 'furo'
+    html_theme = "furo"
 
 # Link dates and other references in the changelog
 if rst_linker is not None:
-    extensions += ['rst.linker']
+    extensions += ["rst.linker"]
 
-package_url = 'https://github.com/jsonpickle/jsonpickle'
+package_url = "https://github.com/jsonpickle/jsonpickle"
 link_files = {
-    '../CHANGES.rst': dict(
-        using=dict(GH='https://github.com'),
+    "../CHANGES.rst": dict(
+        using=dict(GH="https://github.com"),
         replace=[
             dict(
-                pattern=r'(Issue #|\B#)(?P<issue>\d+)',
-                url=package_url + '/issues/{issue}',
+                pattern=r"(Issue #|\B#)(?P<issue>\d+)",
+                url=package_url + "/issues/{issue}",
             ),
             dict(
-                pattern=r'\B\+(?P<pull>\d+)',
-                url=package_url + '/pull/{pull}',
+                pattern=r"\B\+(?P<pull>\d+)",
+                url=package_url + "/pull/{pull}",
             ),
             dict(
-                pattern=r'(?m:^((?P<scm_version>v?\d+(\.\d+){1,2}))\n[-=]+\n)',
-                with_scm='{text}\n{rev[timestamp]:%d %b %Y}\n',
+                pattern=r"(?m:^((?P<scm_version>v?\d+(\.\d+){1,2}))\n[-=]+\n)",
+                with_scm="{text}\n{rev[timestamp]:%d %b %Y}\n",
             ),
             dict(
-                pattern=r'PEP[- ](?P<pep_number>\d+)',
-                url='https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-{pep_number:0>4}/',
+                pattern=r"PEP[- ](?P<pep_number>\d+)",
+                url="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-{pep_number:0>4}/",
             ),
         ],
     )
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@
 # Be strict about any broken references
 nitpicky = True
 
-sphinx_disable = os.environ.get('JSONPICKLE_SPHINX_DISABLE', '')
-if 'intersphinx' not in sphinx_disable:
-    extensions += ['sphinx.ext.intersphinx']
+sphinx_disable = os.environ.get("JSONPICKLE_SPHINX_DISABLE", "")
+if "intersphinx" not in sphinx_disable:
+    extensions += ["sphinx.ext.intersphinx"]
 intersphinx_mapping = {
-    'python': ('https://docs.python.org/3', None),
-    'sphinx': ('https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/', None),
+    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None),
+    "sphinx": ("https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/", None),
 }
 
 # Preserve authored syntax for defaults

diff --git a/garden.yaml b/garden.yaml
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ trees:
         ${activate} python3 -m sphinx docs pages
       fmt: |
         ${activate}
-        black --skip-string-normalization --target-version py39 "$@" jsonpickle tests fuzzing/fuzz-targets
+        black "$@" jsonpickle tests fuzzing/fuzz-targets
         isort --profile=black "$@" jsonpickle tests fuzzing/fuzz-targets
       setup: |
         test -d env3 || python3 -m venv env3

diff --git a/jsonpickle/__init__.py b/jsonpickle/__init__.py
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ def __init__(self, name):
 from .unpickler import decode
 from .version import __version__  # noqa: F401
 
-__all__ = ('encode', 'decode')
+__all__ = ("encode", "decode")
 
 # register built-in handlers
-__import__('jsonpickle.handlers', level=0)
+__import__("jsonpickle.handlers", level=0)
 
 # Export specific JSONPluginMgr methods into the jsonpickle namespace
 set_preferred_backend = json.set_preferred_backend

diff --git a/jsonpickle/backend.py b/jsonpickle/backend.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def _verify(self) -> None:
         """Ensures that we've loaded at least one JSON backend."""
         if self._verified:
             return
-        raise AssertionError('jsonpickle could not load any json modules')
+        raise AssertionError("jsonpickle could not load any json modules")
 
     def encode(
         self, obj: Any, indent: Optional[int] = None, separators: Optional[Any] = None
@@ -95,17 +95,17 @@ def __init__(self, fallthrough: bool = True) -> None:
         # Whether we've loaded any backends successfully
         self._verified = False
 
-        self.load_backend('simplejson')
-        self.load_backend('json')
-        self.load_backend('ujson')
+        self.load_backend("simplejson")
+        self.load_backend("json")
+        self.load_backend("ujson")
 
         # Defaults for various encoders
-        json_opts = ((), {'sort_keys': False})
+        json_opts = ((), {"sort_keys": False})
         self._encoder_options = {
-            'ujson': ((), {'sort_keys': False, 'escape_forward_slashes': False}),
-            'json': json_opts,
-            'simplejson': json_opts,
-            'django.util.simplejson': json_opts,
+            "ujson": ((), {"sort_keys": False, "escape_forward_slashes": False}),
+            "json": json_opts,
+            "simplejson": json_opts,
+            "django.util.simplejson": json_opts,
         }
 
     def enable_fallthrough(self, enable: bool) -> None:
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ def _store(
     def load_backend(
         self,
         name: str,
-        dumps: str = 'dumps',
-        loads: str = 'loads',
+        dumps: str = "dumps",
+        loads: str = "loads",
         loads_exc: Union[str, Type[Exception]] = ValueError,
     ) -> bool:
         """Load a JSON backend by name.
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def load_backend(
 
         # Handle submodules, e.g. django.utils.simplejson
         try:
-            for attr in name.split('.')[1:]:
+            for attr in name.split(".")[1:]:
                 mod = getattr(mod, attr)
         except AttributeError:
             return False
@@ -220,9 +220,9 @@ def backend_encode(
         optargs, optkwargs = self._encoder_options.get(name, ([], {}))
         encoder_kwargs = optkwargs.copy()
         if indent is not None:
-            encoder_kwargs['indent'] = indent  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            encoder_kwargs["indent"] = indent  # type: ignore[assignment]
         if separators is not None:
-            encoder_kwargs['separators'] = separators  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            encoder_kwargs["separators"] = separators  # type: ignore[assignment]
         encoder_args = (obj,) + tuple(optargs)
         return self._encoders[name](*encoder_args, **encoder_kwargs)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
 

diff --git a/jsonpickle/compat.py b/jsonpickle/compat.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 PY_MAJOR = sys.version_info[0]
 
 class_types = (type,)
-iterator_types = (type(iter('')),)
+iterator_types = (type(iter("")),)
 
 string_types = (str,)
 numeric_types = (int, float)

diff --git a/jsonpickle/ext/gmpy.py b/jsonpickle/ext/gmpy.py
@@ -7,16 +7,16 @@
 
 from ..handlers import BaseHandler, HandlerReturn, register, unregister
 
-__all__ = ['register_handlers', 'unregister_handlers']
+__all__ = ["register_handlers", "unregister_handlers"]
 
 
 class GmpyMPZHandler(BaseHandler):
     def flatten(self, obj: gmpy.mpz, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> HandlerReturn:
-        data['int'] = int(obj)
+        data["int"] = int(obj)
         return data
 
     def restore(self, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> gmpy.mpz:
-        return gmpy.mpz(data['int'])
+        return gmpy.mpz(data["int"])
 
 
 def register_handlers() -> None: