vector<int> v1(10); // Create a vector with a capacity of 10

vector<int> v2 = {10, 20, 30}; // Initialize with an array initalizer

vector<int> v3; // Default initialization

vector<int> v4 = {8, 3, 1, 5, 12, 13, 2, 7, 10};

vector<int>::size_type vsize; // size_type is an unsigned type that stores a size

v1 = {1, 2, 3, 4};

vsize = v1.size();

cout << "Vector 1 size=" << vsize << " ";

cout << "capacity=" << v1.capacity() << endl;

cout << "Vector 2 size=" << v2.size() << " ";

cout << "capacity=" << v2.capacity() << endl;

cout << "Vector 3 size=" << v3.size() << " ";

cout << "capacity=" << v3.capacity() << endl;

cout << "Vector 4 size=" << v4.size() << " ";

cout << "capacity=" << v4.capacity() << endl;

cout << endl;

cout << "Accessing the values in a vector: " << endl;

// The following is UNSAFE

cout << " Array indexing: ";

for (unsigned int ii=0; ii<v1.capacity()+5; ii++) {

cout << v1[ii] << " ";

}

cout << endl;

cout << " at() (beyond size()): ";

try {

for (unsigned int ii=0; ii<v1.capacity()+5; ii++) {

cout << v1.at(ii) << " ";

}

}

catch (const out_of_range& excep) {

cout << "Out of range exception!";

}

cout << endl;

cout << " at() (using size()): ";

for (unsigned int ii=0; ii<v1.size(); ii++) {

cout << v1.at(ii) << " ";

}

cout << endl;

// The following is safer : use an iterator

cout << " Using an iterator:";

for (vector<int>::iterator ii=v1.begin(); ii != v1.end(); ++ii) {

cout << (*ii) << " ";

}

cout << endl;

cout << " Using a for-each: ";

for (auto const &ii : v1) {

cout << ii << " ";

}

cout << endl;

// Modifying vector entry using array indexing

v1[4] = 5;

cout << endl << "v1[4]=5" << endl;

cout << "Vector1 size = " << v1.size() << " ";

cout << "capacity = " << v1.capacity() << endl;

cout << "Contents: " << endl;

cout << " for-each: ";

for (auto const &ii : v1) {

cout << ii << " ";

}

cout << " array-indexing: ";

for (unsigned int ii=0;ii<v1.capacity(); ii++) {

cout << v1[ii] << " ";

}

cout << endl;

// Modifying vector entry using push_back()

v1.push_back(6);

cout << endl << "push_back(6)" << endl;

cout << "Vector1 size = " << v1.size() << " ";

cout << "capacity = " << v1.capacity() << endl;

cout << "Contents: " << endl;

cout << " for-each: ";

for (auto const &ii : v1) {

cout << ii << " ";

}

cout << " array-indexing: ";

for (unsigned int ii=0;ii<v1.capacity(); ii++) {

cout << v1[ii] << " ";

}

cout << endl;

cout << endl << "Calling push_back when initialized with an array " << endl;

v2.push_back(40);

v2.push_back(50);

v2.push_back(60);

printVector(v2, "v2");

cout << endl << "Calling push_back on uninitialized vector " << endl;

v3.push_back(44);

v3.push_back(55);

v3.push_back(66);

printVector(v3, "v3");

cout << endl << "Calling push_back on a vector with a defined capactity " << endl;

for (int ii=0;ii<10;ii++) {

v1.push_back(ii+10);

}

printVector(v1, "v1");

cout << endl << "Removing elements from v1" << endl;

cout << " Before : ";

printVector(v1, "v1");

v1.erase(v1.begin());

cout << " Removed first element : ";

printVector(v1, "v1");

v1.erase(v1.begin()+3);

cout << " Removed fourth element : ";

printVector(v1, "v1");

v1.erase(v1.end()-1);

cout << " Removed last element : ";

printVector(v1, "v1");

v1.erase(v1.end()-3);

cout << " Removed third-to-last element : ";

printVector(v1, "v1");

v1.erase(v1.begin(), v1.begin() + v1.size()/2);

cout << " Removed 1st half of the vector : ";

printVector(v1, "v1");

v1.pop_back();

cout << " Removed using pop_back : ";

printVector(v1, "v1");

cout << endl;

cout << "Print front & back v3:" << endl;

printVector(v3, "v3");

cout << " v3 front: " << v3.front() << endl;

cout << " v3 back: " << v3.back() << endl;

cout << endl << "Sorting a vector: " << endl;

cout << " Before: ";

printVector(v4, "v4");

sort(v4.begin(), v4.end());

cout << " After: ";

printVector(v4, "v4");

cout << endl;

return 0;

cout << "Vector " << name << " s=" << vec.size()

<< " c=" << vec.capacity();

cout << " contents: [ ";

for (auto const & ii : vec) {

cout << ii << " ";

}

cout << "]" << endl;