The Explain Module is part of the CircuitMind pipeline. It takes a circuit JSON as input and returns a human-readable explanation of how the circuit works, along with component details, current flow description, and any warnings.

User Input → Generate Module → Circuit JSON → Explain Module → Explanation JSON

{
  "components": ["battery", "resistor", "led"],
  "connections": ["battery -> resistor -> led"]
}

{
  "explanation": "This circuit uses a battery (power source) that provides electrical energy...",
  "component_details": [
    { "name": "battery", "role": "power source", "description": "provides electrical energy to the circuit" },
    { "name": "resistor", "role": "current limiter", "description": "limits and controls the flow of current" },
    { "name": "led", "role": "light emitter", "description": "emits light when current flows through it" }
  ],
  "flow_description": "Current flows from the battery → resistor → led. This causes the LED to emit light.",
  "warnings": []
}

from explain_module import explain_circuit

circuit = {
    "components": ["battery", "resistor", "led"],
    "connections": ["battery -> resistor -> led"]
}

result = explain_circuit(circuit)
print(result["explanation"])

For multiple circuits at once:

from explain_module import explain_circuits_batch

results = explain_circuits_batch([circuit1, circuit2])

The module has a built-in knowledge base covering 30+ components across the following categories:

• Power Sources — battery, power_supply, solar_cell
• Passive Components — resistor, capacitor, inductor, potentiometer
• Diodes — diode, led, zener_diode
• Transistors — transistor, npn_transistor, pnp_transistor, mosfet
• ICs — op_amp, 555_timer, arduino, microcontroller
• Output Devices — buzzer, motor, speaker, relay, display, lcd
• Sensors & Inputs — ldr, thermistor, photodiode, button, switch, sensor
• Other — ground, fuse, transformer

Unknown components are handled gracefully — the module includes them with a warning instead of crashing.

The module automatically checks for common circuit issues:

python test_cases.py

This runs 5 test cases and saves the results to test_results.json in the same folder.

• Component names are case-insensitive — "LED", "Led", and "led" all work
• Both -> and -- are supported as connection separators
• The module has no external dependencies beyond the Python standard library