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mediumlevelil.py
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6375 lines (5361 loc) · 248 KB
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# Copyright (c) 2018-2025 Vector 35 Inc
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
import ctypes
import struct
from typing import (Optional, List, Union, Mapping, MutableMapping,
Generator, NewType, Tuple, ClassVar, Dict, Set, Callable, Any, Iterator, overload)
from dataclasses import dataclass
from . import deprecation
# Binary Ninja components
from . import _binaryninjacore as core
from .enums import MediumLevelILOperation, ILBranchDependence, DataFlowQueryOption, FunctionGraphType, DeadStoreElimination, ILInstructionAttribute, StringType
from . import basicblock
from . import function
from . import types
from . import lowlevelil
from . import highlevelil
from . import flowgraph
from . import variable
from . import architecture
from . import binaryview
from . import types as _types
from .interaction import show_graph_report
from .commonil import (
BaseILInstruction, Constant, BinaryOperation, UnaryOperation, Comparison, SSA, Phi, FloatingPoint, ControlFlow,
Terminal, Call, Localcall, Syscall, Tailcall, Return, Signed, Arithmetic, Carry, DoublePrecision, Memory, Load,
Store, RegisterStack, SetVar, Intrinsic, VariableInstruction, SSAVariableInstruction, AliasedVariableInstruction,
ILSourceLocation, invalid_il_index
)
TokenList = List['function.InstructionTextToken']
ExpressionIndex = NewType('ExpressionIndex', int)
InstructionIndex = NewType('InstructionIndex', int)
Index = Union[ExpressionIndex, InstructionIndex]
InstructionOrExpression = Union['MediumLevelILInstruction', Index]
MLILInstructionsType = Generator['MediumLevelILInstruction', None, None]
MLILBasicBlocksType = Generator['MediumLevelILBasicBlock', None, None]
OperandsType = Tuple[ExpressionIndex, ExpressionIndex, ExpressionIndex, ExpressionIndex, ExpressionIndex]
MediumLevelILOperandType = Union[int, float, 'MediumLevelILOperationAndSize', 'MediumLevelILInstruction',
'lowlevelil.ILIntrinsic', 'variable.Variable', 'SSAVariable', List[int],
List['variable.Variable'], List['SSAVariable'], List['MediumLevelILInstruction'],
Dict[int, int], 'variable.ConstantData']
MediumLevelILVisitorCallback = Callable[[str, MediumLevelILOperandType, str, Optional['MediumLevelILInstruction']], bool]
StringOrType = Union[str, '_types.Type', '_types.TypeBuilder']
ILInstructionAttributeSet = Union[Set[ILInstructionAttribute], List[ILInstructionAttribute]]
LLILSSAToMLILInstructionMapping = MutableMapping['lowlevelil.InstructionIndex', InstructionIndex]
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class LLILSSAToMLILExpressionMap:
lower_index: 'lowlevelil.ExpressionIndex'
higher_index: ExpressionIndex
map_lower_to_higher: bool
map_higher_to_lower: bool
lower_to_higher_direct: bool
higher_to_lower_direct: bool
def _to_core_struct(self):
result = core.BNExprMapInfo()
result.lowerIndex = self.lower_index
result.higherIndex = self.higher_index
result.mapLowerToHigher = self.map_lower_to_higher
result.mapHigherToLower = self.map_higher_to_lower
result.lowerToHigherDirect = self.lower_to_higher_direct
result.higherToLowerDirect = self.higher_to_lower_direct
return result
LLILSSAToMLILExpressionMapping = List['LLILSSAToMLILExpressionMap']
@dataclass(frozen=True, repr=False, order=True)
class SSAVariable:
var: 'variable.Variable'
version: int
def __repr__(self):
return f"<SSAVariable: {self.var} version {self.version}>"
@property
def name(self) -> str:
return self.var.name
@property
def type(self) -> 'types.Type':
return self.var.type
@property
def function(self) -> 'function.Function':
"""returns the source Function object which this variable belongs to"""
return self.var.function
@property
def il_function(self) -> 'function.ILFunctionType':
"""returns the il Function object which this variable belongs to"""
return self.var._il_function
@property
def dead_store_elimination(self) -> DeadStoreElimination:
"""returns the dead store elimination setting for this variable (read-only)"""
return self.var.dead_store_elimination
@property
def def_site(self) -> Optional[Union['MediumLevelILInstruction', 'highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction']]:
"""
Gets the IL instructions where this SSAVariable is defined.
"""
return self.il_function.get_ssa_var_definition(self)
@property
def use_sites(self) -> List[Union['MediumLevelILInstruction', 'highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction']]:
"""
Gets the list of IL instructions where this SSAVariable is used inside of this function.
"""
return self.il_function.get_ssa_var_uses(self)
class MediumLevelILLabel:
def __init__(self, handle: Optional[core.BNMediumLevelILLabel] = None):
if handle is None:
self.handle = (core.BNMediumLevelILLabel * 1)()
core.BNMediumLevelILInitLabel(self.handle)
else:
self.handle = handle
@property
def ref(self) -> bool:
return self.handle[0].ref
@ref.setter
def ref(self, value):
self.handle[0].ref = value
@property
def resolved(self) -> bool:
return self.handle[0].resolved
@property
def operand(self) -> InstructionIndex:
return InstructionIndex(self.handle[0].operand)
@operand.setter
def operand(self, value: InstructionIndex):
self.handle[0].operand = int(value)
@dataclass(frozen=True, repr=False)
class MediumLevelILOperationAndSize:
operation: MediumLevelILOperation
size: int
def __repr__(self):
if self.size == 0:
return f"<MediumLevelILOperationAndSize: {self.operation.name}>"
return f"<MediumLevelILOperationAndSize: {self.operation.name} {self.size}>"
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class CoreMediumLevelILInstruction:
operation: MediumLevelILOperation
attributes: int
source_operand: int
size: int
operands: OperandsType
address: int
@classmethod
def from_BNMediumLevelILInstruction(cls, instr: core.BNMediumLevelILInstruction) -> 'CoreMediumLevelILInstruction':
operands: OperandsType = tuple([ExpressionIndex(instr.operands[i]) for i in range(5)]) # type: ignore
return cls(MediumLevelILOperation(instr.operation), instr.attributes, instr.sourceOperand, instr.size, operands, instr.address)
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class MediumLevelILInstruction(BaseILInstruction):
"""
``class MediumLevelILInstruction`` Medium Level Intermediate Language Instructions are infinite length tree-based
instructions. Tree-based instructions use infix notation with the left hand operand being the destination operand.
Infix notation is thus more natural to read than other notations (e.g. x86 ``mov eax, 0`` vs. MLIL ``eax = 0``).
"""
function: 'MediumLevelILFunction'
expr_index: ExpressionIndex
instr: CoreMediumLevelILInstruction
instr_index: InstructionIndex
# ILOperations is deprecated and will be removed in a future version once BNIL Graph no longer uses it
# Use the visit methods visit, visit_all, and visit_operands
ILOperations: ClassVar[Mapping[MediumLevelILOperation, List[Tuple[str, str]]]] = {
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_NOP: [], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SET_VAR: [("dest", "var"), ("src", "expr")],
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SET_VAR_FIELD: [("dest", "var"), ("offset", "int"),
("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SET_VAR_SPLIT: [
("high", "var"), ("low", "var"), ("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_LOAD: [("src", "expr")],
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_LOAD_STRUCT: [("src", "expr"),
("offset", "int")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_STORE: [
("dest", "expr"), ("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_STORE_STRUCT: [("dest", "expr"),
("offset", "int"),
("src", "expr")],
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_VAR: [("src", "var")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_VAR_FIELD: [
("src", "var"), ("offset", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_VAR_SPLIT: [("high", "var"), ("low", "var")],
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_ADDRESS_OF: [("src", "var")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_ADDRESS_OF_FIELD: [
("src", "var"), ("offset", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CONST: [("constant", "int")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CONST_PTR: [
("constant", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_EXTERN_PTR: [
("constant", "int"), ("offset", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FLOAT_CONST: [("constant", "float")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_IMPORT: [
("constant", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CONST_DATA: [("constant", "ConstantData")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CONST_DATA: [
("constant", "ConstantData")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_ADD: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_ADC: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr"), ("carry", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SUB: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SBB: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr"), ("carry", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_AND: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_OR: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_XOR: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_LSL: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_LSR: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_ASR: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_ROL: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_RLC: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr"), ("carry", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_ROR: [("left", "expr"),
("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_RRC: [("left", "expr"),
("right", "expr"),
("carry", "expr")],
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_MUL: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_MULU_DP: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_MULS_DP: [("left", "expr"),
("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_DIVU: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_DIVU_DP: [("left", "expr"),
("right", "expr")],
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_DIVS: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_DIVS_DP: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_MODU: [("left", "expr"),
("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_MODU_DP: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_MODS: [("left", "expr"),
("right", "expr")],
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_MODS_DP: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_NEG: [
("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_NOT: [("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SX: [
("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_ZX: [("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_LOW_PART: [
("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_JUMP: [("dest", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_JUMP_TO: [
("dest", "expr"), ("targets", "target_map")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_RET_HINT: [("dest", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CALL: [
("output", "var_list"), ("dest", "expr"), ("params", "expr_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CALL_UNTYPED: [
("output", "expr"), ("dest", "expr"), ("params", "expr"), ("stack", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CALL_OUTPUT: [("dest", "var_list")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CALL_PARAM: [
("src", "expr_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SEPARATE_PARAM_LIST: [
("params", "expr_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SHARED_PARAM_SLOT: [
("params", "expr_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_RET: [
("src", "expr_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_NORET: [], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_IF: [
("condition", "expr"), ("true", "int"), ("false", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_GOTO: [("dest", "int")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CMP_E: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CMP_NE: [("left", "expr"),
("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CMP_SLT: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CMP_ULT: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CMP_SLE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CMP_ULE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CMP_SGE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CMP_UGE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CMP_SGT: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CMP_UGT: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_TEST_BIT: [("left", "expr"),
("right", "expr")],
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_BOOL_TO_INT: [("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_ADD_OVERFLOW: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SYSCALL: [
("output", "var_list"), ("params", "expr_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SYSCALL_UNTYPED: [
("output", "expr"), ("params", "expr"), ("stack", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_TAILCALL: [
("output", "var_list"), ("dest", "expr"), ("params", "expr_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_TAILCALL_UNTYPED: [("output", "expr"), ("dest", "expr"), ("params", "expr"),
("stack", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_BP: [],
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_TRAP: [("vector", "int")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_INTRINSIC: [
("output", "var_list"), ("intrinsic", "intrinsic"), ("params", "expr_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_INTRINSIC_SSA: [
("output", "var_ssa_list"), ("intrinsic", "intrinsic"), ("params", "expr_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_MEMORY_INTRINSIC_OUTPUT_SSA: [
("dest_memory", "int"), ("output", "var_ssa_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_MEMORY_INTRINSIC_SSA: [
("output", "expr"), ("intrinsic", "intrinsic"), ("params", "expr_list"), ("src_memory", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FREE_VAR_SLOT: [
("dest", "var")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FREE_VAR_SLOT_SSA: [
("prev", "var_ssa_dest_and_src")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_UNDEF: [], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_UNIMPL: [],
MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_UNIMPL_MEM: [("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FADD: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FSUB: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FMUL: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FDIV: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FSQRT: [
("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FNEG: [("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FABS: [
("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FLOAT_TO_INT: [("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_INT_TO_FLOAT: [
("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FLOAT_CONV: [("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_ROUND_TO_INT: [
("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FLOOR: [("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CEIL: [
("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FTRUNC: [("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FCMP_E: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FCMP_NE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FCMP_LT: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FCMP_LE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FCMP_GE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FCMP_GT: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FCMP_O: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_FCMP_UO: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SET_VAR_SSA: [
("dest", "var_ssa"), ("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SET_VAR_SSA_FIELD: [
("dest", "var_ssa_dest_and_src"), ("prev", "var_ssa_dest_and_src"), ("offset", "int"), ("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SET_VAR_SPLIT_SSA: [
("high", "var_ssa"), ("low", "var_ssa"), ("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SET_VAR_ALIASED: [
("dest", "var_ssa_dest_and_src"), ("prev", "var_ssa_dest_and_src"), ("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SET_VAR_ALIASED_FIELD: [
("dest", "var_ssa_dest_and_src"), ("prev", "var_ssa_dest_and_src"), ("offset", "int"), ("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_VAR_SSA: [("src", "var_ssa")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_VAR_SSA_FIELD: [
("src", "var_ssa"), ("offset", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_VAR_ALIASED: [
("src", "var_ssa")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_VAR_ALIASED_FIELD: [
("src", "var_ssa"), ("offset", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_VAR_SPLIT_SSA: [
("high", "var_ssa"), ("low", "var_ssa")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CALL_SSA: [
("output", "expr"), ("output_dest_memory", "int"), ("dest", "expr"),
("params", "expr_list"), ("src_memory", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CALL_UNTYPED_SSA: [
("output", "expr"), ("dest", "expr"), ("params", "expr"), ("stack", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SYSCALL_SSA: [
("output", "expr"), ("params", "expr_list"),
("src_memory", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_SYSCALL_UNTYPED_SSA: [
("output", "expr"), ("params", "expr"), ("stack", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_TAILCALL_SSA: [
("output", "expr"), ("output_dest_memory", "int"),
("dest", "expr"), ("params", "expr_list"), ("src_memory", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_TAILCALL_UNTYPED_SSA: [
("output", "expr"), ("dest", "expr"), ("params", "expr"), ("stack", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CALL_OUTPUT_SSA: [
("dest_memory", "int"), ("dest", "var_ssa_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_CALL_PARAM_SSA: [
("src_memory", "int"), ("src", "expr_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_LOAD_SSA: [
("src", "expr"), ("src_memory", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_LOAD_STRUCT_SSA: [
("src", "expr"), ("offset", "int"), ("src_memory", "int")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_STORE_SSA: [("dest", "expr"), ("dest_memory", "int"), ("src_memory", "int"),
("src", "expr")], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_STORE_STRUCT_SSA: [
("dest", "expr"), ("offset", "int"), ("dest_memory", "int"),
("src_memory", "int"), ("src", "expr")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_VAR_PHI: [
("dest", "var_ssa"), ("src", "var_ssa_list")
], MediumLevelILOperation.MLIL_MEM_PHI: [("dest_memory", "int"),
("src_memory", "int_list")]
}
@staticmethod
def show_mlil_hierarchy():
"""
Opens a new tab showing the MLIL hierarchy which includes classes which can
easily be used with isinstance to match multiple types of IL instructions.
"""
graph = flowgraph.FlowGraph()
nodes = {}
for instruction in ILInstruction.values():
instruction.add_subgraph(graph, nodes)
show_graph_report("MLIL Class Hierarchy Graph", graph)
@classmethod
def create(
cls, func: 'MediumLevelILFunction', expr_index: ExpressionIndex, instr_index: Optional[InstructionIndex] = None
) -> 'MediumLevelILInstruction':
assert func.arch is not None, "Attempted to create IL instruction with function missing an Architecture"
inst = core.BNGetMediumLevelILByIndex(func.handle, expr_index)
assert inst is not None, "core.BNGetMediumLevelILByIndex returned None"
if instr_index is None:
instr_index = core.BNGetMediumLevelILInstructionForExpr(func.handle, expr_index)
assert instr_index is not None, "core.BNGetMediumLevelILInstructionForExpr returned None"
instr = CoreMediumLevelILInstruction.from_BNMediumLevelILInstruction(inst)
return ILInstruction[instr.operation](func, expr_index, instr, instr_index) # type: ignore
def copy_to(
self, dest: 'MediumLevelILFunction',
sub_expr_handler: Optional[Callable[['MediumLevelILInstruction'], ExpressionIndex]] = None
) -> ExpressionIndex:
"""
``copy_to`` deep copies an expression into a new IL function.
If provided, the function ``sub_expr_handler`` will be called on every copied sub-expression
.. warning:: This function should ONLY be called as a part of a lifter or workflow. It will otherwise not do anything useful as analysis will not be running.
:param MediumLevelILFunction dest: Function to copy the expression to
:param sub_expr_handler: Optional function to call on every copied sub-expression
:return: Index of the copied expression in the target function
"""
return self.function.copy_expr_to(self, dest, sub_expr_handler)
def __str__(self):
tokens = self.tokens
if tokens is None:
return "invalid"
result = ""
for token in tokens:
result += token.text
return result
def __repr__(self):
return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}: {self}>"
def __eq__(self, other: 'MediumLevelILInstruction') -> bool:
if not isinstance(other, MediumLevelILInstruction):
return NotImplemented
return self.function == other.function and self.expr_index == other.expr_index
def __lt__(self, other: 'MediumLevelILInstruction') -> bool:
if not isinstance(other, MediumLevelILInstruction):
return NotImplemented
return self.function == other.function and self.expr_index < other.expr_index
def __le__(self, other: 'MediumLevelILInstruction') -> bool:
if not isinstance(other, MediumLevelILInstruction):
return NotImplemented
return self.function == other.function and self.expr_index <= other.expr_index
def __gt__(self, other: 'MediumLevelILInstruction') -> bool:
if not isinstance(other, MediumLevelILInstruction):
return NotImplemented
return self.function == other.function and self.expr_index > other.expr_index
def __ge__(self, other: 'MediumLevelILInstruction') -> bool:
if not isinstance(other, MediumLevelILInstruction):
return NotImplemented
return self.function == other.function and self.expr_index >= other.expr_index
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.function, self.expr_index))
@property
def operands(self) -> List[MediumLevelILOperandType]:
"""
Operands for the instruction
Consider using more specific APIs for ``src``, ``dest``, ``params``, etc where appropriate.
"""
return list(map(lambda x: x[1], self.detailed_operands))
@property
def raw_operands(self) -> OperandsType:
"""Raw operand expression indices as specified by the core structure (read-only)"""
return self.instr.operands
@property
def detailed_operands(self) -> List[Tuple[str, MediumLevelILOperandType, str]]:
"""
Returns a list of tuples containing the name of the operand, the operand, and the type of the operand.
Useful for iterating over all operands of an instruction and sub-instructions.
"""
return []
def traverse(self, cb: Callable[['MediumLevelILInstruction', Any], Any], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Iterator[Any]:
"""
``traverse`` is a generator that allows you to traverse the MediumLevelILInstruction in a depth-first manner. It will yield the
result of the callback function for each node in the tree. Arguments can be passed to the callback function using
``args`` and ``kwargs``. See the `Developer Docs <https://docs.binary.ninja/dev/concepts.html#walking-ils>`_ for more examples.
:param Callable[[MediumLevelILInstruction, Any], Any] cb: The callback function to call for each node in the MediumLevelILInstruction
:param Any args: Custom user-defined arguments
:param Any kwargs: Custom user-defined keyword arguments
:return: An iterator of the results of the callback function
:rtype: Iterator[Any]
:Example:
>>> def get_constant_less_than_value(inst: MediumLevelILInstruction, value: int) -> int:
>>> if isinstance(inst, Constant) and inst.constant < value:
>>> return inst.constant
>>>
>>> list(inst.traverse(get_constant_less_than_value, 10))
"""
if (result := cb(self, *args, **kwargs)) is not None:
yield result
for _, op, _ in self.detailed_operands:
if isinstance(op, MediumLevelILInstruction):
yield from op.traverse(cb, *args, **kwargs)
elif isinstance(op, list) and all(isinstance(i, MediumLevelILInstruction) for i in op):
for i in op:
yield from i.traverse(cb, *args, **kwargs) # type: ignore
@deprecation.deprecated(deprecated_in="4.0.4907", details="Use :py:func:`MediumLevelILInstruction.traverse` instead.")
def visit_all(self, cb: MediumLevelILVisitorCallback,
name: str = "root", parent: Optional['MediumLevelILInstruction'] = None) -> bool:
"""
Visits all operands of this instruction and all operands of any sub-instructions.
Using pre-order traversal.
:param MediumLevelILVisitorCallback cb: Callback function that takes the name of the operand, the operand, operand type, and parent instruction
:return: True if all instructions were visited, False if the callback returned False
"""
if cb(name, self, "MediumLevelILInstruction", parent) == False:
return False
for name, op, opType in self.detailed_operands:
if isinstance(op, MediumLevelILInstruction):
if not op.visit_all(cb, name, self):
return False
elif isinstance(op, list) and all(isinstance(i, MediumLevelILInstruction) for i in op):
for i in op:
if not i.visit_all(cb, name, self): # type: ignore
return False
elif cb(name, op, opType, self) == False:
return False
return True
@deprecation.deprecated(deprecated_in="4.0.4907", details="Use :py:func:`MediumLevelILInstruction.traverse` instead.")
def visit_operands(self, cb: MediumLevelILVisitorCallback,
name: str = "root", parent: Optional['MediumLevelILInstruction'] = None) -> bool:
"""
Visits all leaf operands of this instruction and any sub-instructions.
:param MediumLevelILVisitorCallback cb: Callback function that takes the name of the operand, the operand, operand type, and parent instruction
:return: True if all instructions were visited, False if the callback returned False
"""
for name, op, opType in self.detailed_operands:
if isinstance(op, MediumLevelILInstruction):
if not op.visit_operands(cb, name, self):
return False
elif isinstance(op, list) and all(isinstance(i, MediumLevelILInstruction) for i in op):
for i in op:
if not i.visit_operands(cb, name, self): # type: ignore
return False
elif cb(name, op, opType, self) == False:
return False
return True
@deprecation.deprecated(deprecated_in="4.0.4907", details="Use :py:func:`MediumLevelILInstruction.traverse` instead.")
def visit(self, cb: MediumLevelILVisitorCallback,
name: str = "root", parent: Optional['MediumLevelILInstruction'] = None) -> bool:
"""
Visits all MediumLevelILInstructions in the operands of this instruction and any sub-instructions.
In the callback you provide, you likely only need to interact with the second argument (see the example below).
:param MediumLevelILVisitorCallback cb: Callback function that takes the name of the operand, the operand, operand type, and parent instruction
:return: True if all instructions were visited, False if the callback returned False
:Example:
>>> def visitor(_a, inst, _c, _d) -> bool:
>>> if isinstance(inst, Constant):
>>> print(f"Found constant: {inst.constant}")
>>> return False # Stop recursion (once we find a constant, don't recurse in to any sub-instructions (which there won't actually be any...))
>>> # Otherwise, keep recursing the subexpressions of this instruction; if no return value is provided, it'll keep descending
>>>
>>> # Finds all constants used in the program
>>> for inst in current_mlil.instructions:
>>> inst.visit(visitor)
"""
if cb(name, self, "MediumLevelILInstruction", parent) == False:
return False
for name, op, _ in self.detailed_operands:
if isinstance(op, MediumLevelILInstruction):
if not op.visit(cb, name, self):
return False
elif isinstance(op, list) and all(isinstance(i, MediumLevelILInstruction) for i in op):
for i in op:
if not i.visit(cb, name, self): # type: ignore
return False
return True
@property
def tokens(self) -> TokenList:
"""MLIL tokens (read-only)"""
# Special case for the helper instructions which don't have tokens
if isinstance(self, (MediumLevelILCallParam, MediumLevelILCallParamSsa)):
return []
count = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
tokens = ctypes.POINTER(core.BNInstructionTextToken)()
assert self.function.arch is not None, f"type(self.function): {type(self.function)} "
result = core.BNGetMediumLevelILExprText(
self.function.handle, self.function.arch.handle, self.expr_index, tokens, count, None
)
assert result, "core.BNGetMediumLevelILExprText returned False"
try:
return function.InstructionTextToken._from_core_struct(tokens, count.value)
finally:
core.BNFreeInstructionText(tokens, count.value)
@property
def il_basic_block(self) -> 'MediumLevelILBasicBlock':
"""IL basic block object containing this expression (read-only) (only available on finalized functions)"""
core_block = core.BNGetMediumLevelILBasicBlockForInstruction(self.function.handle, self.instr_index)
assert core_block is not None
assert self.function.source_function is not None
return MediumLevelILBasicBlock(core_block, self.function, self.function.source_function.view)
@property
def ssa_form(self) -> 'MediumLevelILInstruction':
"""SSA form of expression (read-only)"""
ssa_func = self.function.ssa_form
assert ssa_func is not None
return MediumLevelILInstruction.create(
ssa_func, ExpressionIndex(core.BNGetMediumLevelILSSAExprIndex(self.function.handle, self.expr_index))
)
@property
def non_ssa_form(self) -> 'MediumLevelILInstruction':
"""Non-SSA form of expression (read-only)"""
non_ssa_func = self.function.non_ssa_form
assert non_ssa_func is not None
return MediumLevelILInstruction.create(
non_ssa_func,
ExpressionIndex(core.BNGetMediumLevelILNonSSAExprIndex(self.function.handle, self.expr_index))
)
@property
def value(self) -> variable.RegisterValue:
"""Value of expression if constant or a known value (read-only)"""
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILExprValue(self.function.handle, self.expr_index)
result = variable.RegisterValue.from_BNRegisterValue(value, self.function.arch)
return result
@property
def possible_values(self) -> variable.PossibleValueSet:
"""Possible values of expression using path-sensitive static data flow analysis (read-only)"""
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILPossibleExprValues(self.function.handle, self.expr_index, None, 0)
result = variable.PossibleValueSet(self.function.arch, value)
core.BNFreePossibleValueSet(value)
return result
@property
def branch_dependence(self) -> Mapping[int, ILBranchDependence]:
"""Set of branching instructions that must take the true or false path to reach this instruction"""
count = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
deps = core.BNGetAllMediumLevelILBranchDependence(self.function.handle, self.instr_index, count)
assert deps is not None, "core.BNGetAllMediumLevelILBranchDependence returned None"
result = {}
for i in range(0, count.value):
result[deps[i].branch] = ILBranchDependence(deps[i].dependence)
core.BNFreeILBranchDependenceList(deps)
return result
@property
def low_level_il(self) -> Optional['lowlevelil.LowLevelILInstruction']:
"""Low level IL form of this expression"""
expr = self.function.get_low_level_il_expr_index(self.expr_index)
if expr is None or self.function.low_level_il is None:
return None
return lowlevelil.LowLevelILInstruction.create(self.function.low_level_il.ssa_form, expr, None)
@property
def llil(self) -> Optional['lowlevelil.LowLevelILInstruction']:
"""Alias for low_level_il"""
return self.low_level_il
@property
def llils(self) -> List['lowlevelil.LowLevelILInstruction']:
exprs = self.function.get_low_level_il_expr_indexes(self.expr_index)
if self.function.low_level_il is None:
return []
result = []
for expr in exprs:
result.append(lowlevelil.LowLevelILInstruction.create(self.function.low_level_il.ssa_form, expr, None))
return result
@property
def high_level_il(self) -> Optional[highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction]:
"""High level IL form of this expression"""
expr = self.function.get_high_level_il_expr_index(self.expr_index)
if expr is None or self.function.high_level_il is None:
return None
return highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction.create(self.function.high_level_il, expr, False)
@property
def hlil(self) -> Optional[highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction]:
"""Alias for high_level_il"""
return self.high_level_il
@property
def hlils(self) -> List[highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction]:
exprs = self.function.get_high_level_il_expr_indexes(self.expr_index)
result = []
if self.function.high_level_il is None:
return result
for expr in exprs:
result.append(highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction.create(self.function.high_level_il, expr, False))
return result
@property
def ssa_memory_version(self) -> int:
"""Version of active memory contents in SSA form for this instruction"""
return core.BNGetMediumLevelILSSAMemoryVersionAtILInstruction(self.function.handle, self.instr_index)
@property
def ssa_memory_version_after(self) -> int:
"""Version of active memory contents in SSA form after this instruction"""
return core.BNGetMediumLevelILSSAMemoryVersionAfterILInstruction(self.function.handle, self.instr_index)
@property
def prefix_operands(self) -> List[MediumLevelILOperandType]:
"""All operands in the expression tree in prefix order"""
result: List[MediumLevelILOperandType] = [MediumLevelILOperationAndSize(self.operation, self.size)]
for operand in self.operands:
if isinstance(operand, MediumLevelILInstruction):
result.extend(operand.prefix_operands)
else:
result.append(operand)
return result
@property
def postfix_operands(self) -> List[MediumLevelILOperandType]:
"""All operands in the expression tree in postfix order"""
result: List[MediumLevelILOperandType] = []
for operand in self.operands:
if isinstance(operand, MediumLevelILInstruction):
result.extend(operand.postfix_operands)
else:
result.append(operand)
result.append(MediumLevelILOperationAndSize(self.operation, self.size))
return result
@property
def instruction_operands(self) -> List['MediumLevelILInstruction']:
return [i for i in self.operands if isinstance(i, MediumLevelILInstruction)]
@property
def vars_written(self) -> List[Union[variable.Variable, SSAVariable]]:
"""List of variables written by instruction"""
return []
@property
def vars_read(self) -> List[Union[variable.Variable, SSAVariable]]:
"""List of variables read by instruction"""
result = []
for operand in self.operands:
if isinstance(operand, (variable.Variable, SSAVariable)):
result.append(operand)
elif isinstance(operand, MediumLevelILInstruction):
result += operand.vars_read
return result
@property
def vars_address_taken(self) -> List[Union[variable.Variable, SSAVariable]]:
"""Non-unique list of variables whose address is taken by instruction"""
result = []
for operand in self.instruction_operands:
result.extend(operand.vars_address_taken)
return result
@property
def expr_type(self) -> Optional['types.Type']:
"""Type of expression"""
result = core.BNGetMediumLevelILExprType(self.function.handle, self.expr_index)
if result.type:
platform = None
if self.function.source_function:
platform = self.function.source_function.platform
return types.Type.create(
result.type, platform=platform, confidence=result.confidence
)
return None
@property
def attributes(self) -> Set[ILInstructionAttribute]:
"""The set of optional attributes placed on the instruction"""
result: Set[ILInstructionAttribute] = set()
for flag in ILInstructionAttribute:
if self.instr.attributes & flag.value != 0:
result.add(flag)
return result
@staticmethod
def _make_options_array(options: Optional[List[DataFlowQueryOption]]):
if options is None:
options = []
idx = 0
option_array = (ctypes.c_int * len(options))()
for option in options:
option_array[idx] = option
idx += 1
return option_array, len(options)
def get_possible_values(self, options: Optional[List[DataFlowQueryOption]] = None) -> variable.PossibleValueSet:
option_array, size = MediumLevelILInstruction._make_options_array(options)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILPossibleExprValues(self.function.handle, self.expr_index, option_array, size)
result = variable.PossibleValueSet(self.function.arch, value)
core.BNFreePossibleValueSet(value)
return result
def get_ssa_var_possible_values(self, ssa_var: SSAVariable, options: List[DataFlowQueryOption] = []):
var_data = ssa_var.var.to_BNVariable()
option_array, size = MediumLevelILInstruction._make_options_array(options)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILPossibleSSAVarValues(
self.function.handle, var_data, ssa_var.version, self.instr_index, option_array, size
)
result = variable.PossibleValueSet(self.function.arch, value)
core.BNFreePossibleValueSet(value)
return result
def get_ssa_var_version(self, var: variable.Variable) -> int:
var_data = var.to_BNVariable()
return core.BNGetMediumLevelILSSAVarVersionAtILInstruction(self.function.handle, var_data, self.instr_index)
def get_ssa_var_version_after(self, var: variable.Variable) -> int:
var_data = var.to_BNVariable()
return core.BNGetMediumLevelILSSAVarVersionAfterILInstruction(self.function.handle, var_data, self.instr_index)
def get_var_for_reg(self, reg: 'architecture.RegisterType') -> variable.Variable:
reg = self.function.arch.get_reg_index(reg)
result = core.BNGetMediumLevelILVariableForRegisterAtInstruction(self.function.handle, reg, self.instr_index)
return variable.Variable.from_BNVariable(self.function, result)
def get_var_for_reg_after(self, reg: 'architecture.RegisterType') -> variable.Variable:
reg = self.function.arch.get_reg_index(reg)
result = core.BNGetMediumLevelILVariableForRegisterAfterInstruction(self.function.handle, reg, self.instr_index)
return variable.Variable.from_BNVariable(self.function, result)
def get_var_for_flag(self, flag: 'architecture.FlagType') -> variable.Variable:
flag = self.function.arch.get_flag_index(flag)
result = core.BNGetMediumLevelILVariableForFlagAtInstruction(self.function.handle, flag, self.instr_index)
return variable.Variable.from_BNVariable(self.function, result)
def get_var_for_flag_after(self, flag: 'architecture.FlagType') -> variable.Variable:
flag = self.function.arch.get_flag_index(flag)
result = core.BNGetMediumLevelILVariableForFlagAfterInstruction(self.function.handle, flag, self.instr_index)
return variable.Variable.from_BNVariable(self.function, result)
def get_var_for_stack_location(self, offset: int) -> variable.Variable:
result = core.BNGetMediumLevelILVariableForStackLocationAtInstruction(
self.function.handle, offset, self.instr_index
)
return variable.Variable.from_BNVariable(self.function, result)
def get_var_for_stack_location_after(self, offset: int) -> variable.Variable:
result = core.BNGetMediumLevelILVariableForStackLocationAfterInstruction(
self.function.handle, offset, self.instr_index
)
return variable.Variable.from_BNVariable(self.function, result)
def get_reg_value(self, reg: 'architecture.RegisterType') -> 'variable.RegisterValue':
reg = self.function.arch.get_reg_index(reg)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILRegisterValueAtInstruction(self.function.handle, reg, self.instr_index)
result = variable.RegisterValue.from_BNRegisterValue(value, self.function.arch)
return result
def get_reg_value_after(self, reg: 'architecture.RegisterType') -> 'variable.RegisterValue':
reg = self.function.arch.get_reg_index(reg)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILRegisterValueAfterInstruction(self.function.handle, reg, self.instr_index)
result = variable.RegisterValue.from_BNRegisterValue(value, self.function.arch)
return result
def get_possible_reg_values(
self, reg: 'architecture.RegisterType', options: Optional[List[DataFlowQueryOption]] = None
) -> 'variable.PossibleValueSet':
option_array, size = MediumLevelILInstruction._make_options_array(options)
reg = self.function.arch.get_reg_index(reg)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILPossibleRegisterValuesAtInstruction(
self.function.handle, reg, self.instr_index, option_array, size
)
result = variable.PossibleValueSet(self.function.arch, value)
core.BNFreePossibleValueSet(value)
return result
def get_possible_reg_values_after(
self, reg: 'architecture.RegisterType', options: Optional[List[DataFlowQueryOption]] = None
) -> 'variable.PossibleValueSet':
reg = self.function.arch.get_reg_index(reg)
option_array, size = MediumLevelILInstruction._make_options_array(options)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILPossibleRegisterValuesAfterInstruction(
self.function.handle, reg, self.instr_index, option_array, size
)
result = variable.PossibleValueSet(self.function.arch, value)
core.BNFreePossibleValueSet(value)
return result
def get_flag_value(self, flag: 'architecture.FlagType') -> 'variable.RegisterValue':
flag = self.function.arch.get_flag_index(flag)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILFlagValueAtInstruction(self.function.handle, flag, self.instr_index)
result = variable.RegisterValue.from_BNRegisterValue(value, self.function.arch)
return result
def get_flag_value_after(self, flag: 'architecture.FlagType') -> 'variable.RegisterValue':
flag = self.function.arch.get_flag_index(flag)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILFlagValueAfterInstruction(self.function.handle, flag, self.instr_index)
result = variable.RegisterValue.from_BNRegisterValue(value, self.function.arch)
return result
def get_possible_flag_values(
self, flag: 'architecture.FlagType', options: Optional[List[DataFlowQueryOption]] = None
) -> 'variable.PossibleValueSet':
flag = self.function.arch.get_flag_index(flag)
option_array, size = MediumLevelILInstruction._make_options_array(options)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILPossibleFlagValuesAtInstruction(
self.function.handle, flag, self.instr_index, option_array, size
)
result = variable.PossibleValueSet(self.function.arch, value)
core.BNFreePossibleValueSet(value)
return result
def get_possible_flag_values_after(
self, flag: 'architecture.FlagType', options: Optional[List[DataFlowQueryOption]] = None
) -> 'variable.PossibleValueSet':
flag = self.function.arch.get_flag_index(flag)
option_array, size = MediumLevelILInstruction._make_options_array(options)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILPossibleFlagValuesAfterInstruction(
self.function.handle, flag, self.instr_index, option_array, size
)
result = variable.PossibleValueSet(self.function.arch, value)
core.BNFreePossibleValueSet(value)
return result
def get_stack_contents(self, offset: int, size: int) -> 'variable.RegisterValue':
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILStackContentsAtInstruction(self.function.handle, offset, size, self.instr_index)
result = variable.RegisterValue.from_BNRegisterValue(value, self.function.arch)
return result
def get_stack_contents_after(self, offset: int, size: int) -> 'variable.RegisterValue':
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILStackContentsAfterInstruction(
self.function.handle, offset, size, self.instr_index
)
result = variable.RegisterValue.from_BNRegisterValue(value, self.function.arch)
return result
def get_possible_stack_contents(
self, offset: int, size: int, options: Optional[List[DataFlowQueryOption]] = None
) -> 'variable.PossibleValueSet':
option_array, option_size = MediumLevelILInstruction._make_options_array(options)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILPossibleStackContentsAtInstruction(
self.function.handle, offset, size, self.instr_index, option_array, option_size
)
result = variable.PossibleValueSet(self.function.arch, value)
core.BNFreePossibleValueSet(value)
return result
def get_possible_stack_contents_after(
self, offset: int, size: int, options: Optional[List[DataFlowQueryOption]] = None
) -> 'variable.PossibleValueSet':
option_array, option_size = MediumLevelILInstruction._make_options_array(options)
value = core.BNGetMediumLevelILPossibleStackContentsAfterInstruction(
self.function.handle, offset, size, self.instr_index, option_array, option_size
)
result = variable.PossibleValueSet(self.function.arch, value)
core.BNFreePossibleValueSet(value)
return result
def get_branch_dependence(self, branch_instr: int) -> ILBranchDependence:
return ILBranchDependence(
core.BNGetMediumLevelILBranchDependence(self.function.handle, self.instr_index, branch_instr)
)
def get_split_var_for_definition(self, var: variable.Variable) -> variable.Variable:
"""