This challenge allows you to practice the concepts and techniques learned over the past week and apply them in a survey of problems. This Sprint explored JavaScript Fundamentals. During this Sprint, you studied array methods, this keyword, prototypes, and class syntax. In your challenge this week, you will demonstrate proficiency by completing a survey of JavaScript problems.

Read these instructions carefully. Understand exactly what is expected before starting this Sprint Challenge.

This is an individual assessment. All work must be your own. Your challenge score is a measure of your ability to work independently using the material covered through this sprint. You need to demonstrate proficiency in the concepts and objectives introduced and practiced in preceding days.

You are not allowed to collaborate during the Sprint Challenge. However, you are encouraged to follow the twenty-minute rule and seek support from your TL and Instructor in your cohort help channel on Slack. Your work reflects your proficiency in JavaScript fundamentals.

You have three hours to complete this challenge. Plan your time accordingly.

You will notice there are several JavaScript files being brought into the index.html file. Each of those files contain JavaScript problems you need to solve. If you get stuck on something, skip over it and come back to it later.

In meeting the minimum viable product (MVP) specifications listed below, you should have a console full of correct responses to the problems given.

Demonstrate your understanding of this week's concepts by answering the following free-form questions.

Edit this document to include your answers after each question. Make sure to leave a blank line above and below your answer so it is clear and easy to read by your team lead

1. Briefly compare and contrast .forEach & .map (2-3 sentences max)

The main difference between .forEach() and .map() is their return value. “.forEach()” will return undefined while “.map” returns a new array.

2. Explain the difference between a callback and a higher order function.

A callback function is meant to be passed into another function as an argument. A higher order function accepts a callback function as an argument.

3. What is closure?

A closure is composed of a function within a function; where the inner function may have access to it’s own private variables as well as it’s parent function’s variables.

4. Describe the four rules of the 'this' keyword.

Window binding: Whenever none of the other "principles" are followed "this" will refer to the window object.

Implicit binding: The object to the left of the dot (when the function is invoked) is what "this" refers to.

Explicit binding: Explicitly stating what "this" references using .call(), .apply() or .bind() where the object referenced is passed as the first argument.

New binding: This lets you create a new object from a constructor function while passing in arguments. The "this" keyword will be bound to the new object.

5. Why do we need super() in an extended class?

The function “super()” takes the place of “call()” when dealing with classes. It calls outside methods that you wouldn’t usually be able to inside the current context.

Follow these steps to set up and work on your project: Make sure you clone the branch that the TK links to: the vnext branch, NOT master!

• Create a forked copy of this project.
• Add TL as collaborator on Github.
• Clone your OWN version of Repo (Not Lambda's by mistake!).
• Create a new Branch on the clone: git checkout -b <firstName-lastName>.
• Create a pull request before you start working on the project requirements. You will continuously push your updates throughout the project.
• You are now ready to build this project with your preferred IDE
• Implement the project on your Branch, committing changes regularly.
• Push commits: git push origin <firstName-lastName>.

Your finished project must include all of the following requirements:

Pro tip for this challenge: If something seems like it isn't working locally, copy and paste your code up to codepen and take another look at the console.

Test your knowledge of advanced array methods and callbacks.

• Use the arrays-callbacks.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

This challenge takes a look at closures as well as scope.

• Use the closure.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

Create constructors, bind methods, and create cuboids in this prototypes challenge.

• Use the prototypes.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

Once you have completed the prototypes challenge, it's time to convert all your hard work into classes.

• Use the classes.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

In your solutions, it is essential that you follow best practices and produce clean and professional results. Schedule time to review, refine, and assess your work and perform basic professional polishing including spell-checking and grammar-checking on your work. It is better to submit a challenge that meets MVP than one that attempts too much and does not.

There are a few stretch problems found throughout the files, don't work on them until you are finished with MVP requirements!

Follow these steps for completing your project:

• Submit a Pull-Request to merge Branch into master (student's Repo).
• Add your team lead as a Reviewer on the Pull-request
• TL then will count the HW as done by merging the branch back into master.