This fixes apt-get by updating the base image.

Also:

• Updates the AWS CLI to v2.
• Makes generate-requirements-full.sh run in a docker container to ensure the environment matches.
• Updates the code build config to use a FIPS URL (see, e.g., [CIVIS-9234] Update codebuild datascience-r#52) and to run builds for branches.
• Updates the major version to 8 since the AWS CLI major version changed.
• Addresses https://github.com/civisanalytics/datascience-python/security/dependabot/10

Here's a test job in Platform.

• (For Civis employees only) Reference to a relevant ticket in the pull request title
• Changelog entry added to CHANGELOG.md at the repo's root level
• Description of change in the pull request description
• If applicable, unit tests have been added and/or updated
• The CircleCI builds have all passed