1.  下载 MSYS2：https://www.msys2.org/
    安装后运行 MSYS2 MSYS（不是 Mingw64）
    更新系统： pacman -Syu
    关闭终端，再打开一次，安装 64 位编译器：pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
    把编译器路径加入环境变量：C:\msys64\mingw64\bin
    配置环境变量
    检查是否成功：g++ --version
    如果能看到版本号，就成功了。


2.VS Code 的 C/C++ 插件配置设置 includePath: 1.安装 C/C++ 插件（Microsoft 出品的 C/C++ 扩展）
    Windows 推荐安装 MinGW-w64（g++）或 MSVC

3.创建项目文件夹，假设我们放在：D:\GitHubRepository\test
    在里面新建： mian.cpp
                .vscode  <----  文件夹，存放VS Code配置文件
    在 .vscode 里新建三个文件：
    3-1 
        c_cpp_properties.json： <----  告诉 VS Code 编译器位置和头文件路径
            {
                "configurations": [
                    {
                        "name": "Win32",
                        "includePath": [
                            "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                            "C:/msys64/mingw64/include",
                            "C:/msys64/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include",
                            "C:/msys64/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/include"  # <----  把 13.2.0 改成你电脑实际版本（用 dir C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\gcc\x86_64-w64-mingw32 查看）
                        ],
                        "defines": [],
                        "compilerPath": "C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/g++.exe",
                        "cStandard": "c17",
                        "cppStandard": "c++17",
                        "intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64"
                    }
                ],
                "version": 4
            }
    3-2 
        tasks.json:定义编译任务
            {
                "version": "2.0.0",
                "tasks": [
                    {
                        "label": "build cpp",
                        "type": "shell",
                        "command": "g++",
                        "args": [
                            "-std=c++17",
                            "-g",
                            "main.cpp",
                            "-o",
                            "${workspaceFolder}/main.exe"
                        ],
                        "group": {
                            "kind": "build",
                            "isDefault": true
                        },
                        "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"]
                    }
                ]
            }
    3-3
        launch.json:定义运行任务
            {
                "version": "0.2.0",
                "configurations": [
                    {
                        "name": "Run C++",
                        "type": "cppdbg",
                        "request": "launch",
                        "program": "${workspaceFolder}/main.exe",
                        "args": [],
                        "stopAtEntry": false,
                        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
                        "externalConsole": true,
                        "MIMode": "gdb",
                        "miDebuggerPath": "C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gdb.exe",
                        "preLaunchTask": "build cpp"
                    }
                ]
            }