• Some of the most common DBMS's (Database Management Systems):
  • PostgreSQL
  • MySQL
  • Oracle Database
  • SQLite
• Types cannot be mixed and are specified upon creation. (Statically Typed)

1. A collection of data
   • I.e. a phone book
2. A method of accessing and manipulating that data
3. A structured set of computerized data with an accessible interface

• DMS or Relational Database Management System refers to an interface for the data.
  • The database is the data itself and all of it. The DBMS is the UI for it.
  • They're often referred to as the same thing

• The language we use to "talk" to our databases
• SQL is used to write inside of DBMS's such as MySQL
• There is a standard for how SQL should work, and all DBMS's are tasked with implementing that standard and making them work.

• It's very easy to switch after learning SQL
• What makes databases (DBMS) unique are the features they offer, not the language.

• mysql-ctrl {command}
  • start (will start mysql)
  • stop (will stop mysql)
  • cli (Will stop and then start mysql)
    • Stands for Command Line Interface
• use {database_name} (Changes the database being used)
• source {database_filename} (Run code from a query file)
• desc {table} (Shows the contents of a table)
  • Shorthand for SHOW COLUMNS FROM {tablename}
• create {database_name} (Creates a database)
• drop {database_name} (permanently destroys a database)
• SELECT database() (Tells you the current database being used)
• show {tables | databases} (Shows all tables or databases)

A table is a collection of related data held in a structured format within a database.

• Columns (Headers)

• INT (whole number)
• varchar (variable-length string between 1-255 characters)

• Table names should be pluralized. It's because a table describes multiple of the thing, not just one.

CREATE TABLE tablename
(
    column_name data_type,
    column_name data_type,
);

/* Example: */
CREATE TABLE cats
(
    name VARCHAR(100),
    age  INT
);

Incorrect syntax:

INSERT INTO <tablename>(column, column)
VALUES (value, value);

The preferred way of writing:

INSERT INTO <tablename>
            (column,
            column)
VALUES      (value,
            value);

• The order which the columns are used matters, as the order for the values being inserted must be in the same order.

INSERT INTO <tablename>
            (column, column)
VALUES      (value, value),
            (value, value),
            (value, value);