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executable file
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'MFC'
__time__ = '2019-02-26 15:04'
"""
version 4.0 P102
Field 字段 有2种类型：
Class Variable 类变量 (Shared)
Object Variable 对象变量
# P104 当一个Object Variable和一个Class Variable名称相同时，Class Variable将会被隐藏
Robot.population，还可以使用self.__class__.population来使用，因为每个对象都通过self.__class__属性来引用它的Class
"""
class Robot:
"""a robot with name
"""
population = 0 # belongs to Class Robot, Class Variable
def __init__(self, name):
"""
initial data
"""
self.name = name # Object Variable，Attribute Reference
print("(Initializing {})".format(self.name))
# 当有机器人被创建时，增加机器人数量
Robot.population += 1
def die(self):
print("{} is being destroyed!".format(self.name))
Robot.population -= 1
if Robot.population == 0:
print("{} was the last one.".format(self.name))
else:
print("There are still {:d} robots working.".format(Robot.population))
def say_hi(self):
"""A greeting from robot"""
print("Greetings, my masters call me {}.".format(self.name))
@classmethod
def how_many(cls):
"""
print current robots count
"""
print("We have {:d} robots.".format(cls.population))
# Test
droid1 = Robot("R2-D2")
droid1.say_hi()
Robot.how_many()
droid2 = Robot("C-3PO")
droid2.say_hi()
Robot.how_many()
print("\nRobots can do some work at here.")
print("Robots have finished their work. So let's destroy them.")
droid1.die()
droid2.die()
Robot.how_many()
print("---Doc---")
print(Robot.__doc__)
print(Robot.say_hi.__doc__)