This challenge allows you to practice the concepts and techniques learned over the past week and apply them in a survey of problems. This Sprint explored JavaScript Fundamentals. During this Sprint, you studied variables, functions, object literals, arrays, this keyword, prototypes, and class syntax. In your challenge this week, you will demonstrate proficiency by completing a survey of JavaScript problems.

Read these instructions carefully. Understand exactly what is expected before starting this Sprint Challenge.

This is an individual assessment. All work must be your own. Your challenge score is a measure of your ability to work independently using the material covered through this sprint. You need to demonstrate proficiency in the concepts and objectives introduced and practiced in preceding days.

You are not allowed to collaborate during the Sprint Challenge. However, you are encouraged to follow the twenty-minute rule and seek support from your TL and Instructor in your cohort help channel on Slack. Your work reflects your proficiency in JavaScript fundamentals.

You have three hours to complete this challenge. Plan your time accordingly.

Commit your code regularly and meaningfully. This helps both you (in case you ever need to return to old code for any number of reasons) and your team lead.

You will notice there are several JavaScript files being brought into the index.html file. Each of those files contain JavaScript problems you need to solve. If you get stuck on something, skip over it and come back to it later.

In meeting the minimum viable product (MVP) specifications listed below, you should have a console full of correct responses to the problems given.

Demonstrate your understanding of this week's concepts by answering the following free-form questions.

Edit this document to include your answers after each question. Make sure to leave a blank line above and below your answer so it is clear and easy to read by your team lead

1. Describe the biggest difference between .forEach & .map.

".forEach" does not return anything, while ".map" returns a new array.

2. What is the difference between a function and a method?

A function is a reusable chunk of code that can be called back throughout a project. A method is a function that is inside of another function.

3. What is closure?

Closure is when you write a function inside of another function, and pass or return it to another function. The inner function can access the variables in the outer function, even after the outer function has returned.

4. Describe the four rules of the 'this' keyword.

Window Binding - The window/global object is the default when none of the other rules apply, unless you use strict mode, in which case, will prevent window binding from breaking our code, but it will return 'undefined'. Strict mode basically means "don't break the rules."

Implicit Binding - When the function is invoked, 'this' refers to what's to the left of the dot. Applies to objects with methods, and is the most common type.

Explicit Binding - Use call, apply, or bind to explicitly tell the JavaScript engine to set 'this' to point to a certain value. Call passes arguments one-by-one. Apply passes additional arguments in as arrays. In both instances, the first argument tells us what 'this' is. Also, both call and apply can be used to invoke a function immediately. Bind is used to create a new function that is permanently bound to a 'this' value.

New Binding - Using the 'new' keyword constructs a new object, and 'this' points to it. It is best practice to capitalize the Constructor function.

5. Why do we need super() in an extended class?

"Super" replaces the prototype call to the parent - it accesses and calls the functions on an object's parent, and the "extends" keyword tells super where to inherit from.

Follow these steps to set up and work on your project:

• Create a forked copy of this project.
• Add TL as collaborator on Github.
• Clone your OWN version of Repo (Not Lambda's by mistake!).
• Create a new Branch on the clone: git checkout -b <firstName-lastName>.
• Create a pull request before you start working on the project requirements. You will continuously push your updates throughout the project.
• You are now ready to build this project with your preferred IDE
• Implement the project on your Branch, committing changes regularly.
• Push commits: git push origin <firstName-lastName>.

Follow these steps for completing your project:

• Submit a Pull-Request to merge Branch into master (student's Repo).
• Add your team lead as a Reviewer on the Pull-request
• TL then will count the HW as done by merging the branch back into master.

Your finished project must include all of the following requirements:

Pro tip for this challenge: If something seems like it isn't working locally, copy and paste your code up to codepen and take another look at the console.

Test your knowledge of objects and arrays.

• Use the objects-arrays.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

This challenge takes a look at callbacks and closures as well as scope.

• Use the functions.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

Create constructors, bind methods, and create cuboids in this prototypes challenge.

• Use the prototypes.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

Once you have completed the prototypes challenge, it's time to convert all your hard work into classes.

• Use the classes.js link to get started. Read the instructions carefully!

In your solutions, it is essential that you follow best practices and produce clean and professional results. Schedule time to review, refine, and assess your work and perform basic professional polishing including spell-checking and grammar-checking on your work. It is better to submit a challenge that meets MVP than one that attempts too much and does not.

There are a few stretch problems found throughout the files, don't work on them until you are finished with MVP requirements!