RustPython · youknowone · Jan 17, 2026 · Jan 13, 2026 · Jan 13, 2026 · Jan 13, 2026
diff --git a/.cspell.dict/python-more.txt b/.cspell.dict/python-more.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ aexit
 aiter
 anext
 anextawaitable
+annotationlib
 appendleft
 argcount
 arrayiterator

diff --git a/.github/copilot-instructions.md b/.github/copilot-instructions.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This document provides guidelines for working with GitHub Copilot when contribut
 
 ## Project Overview
 
-RustPython is a Python 3 interpreter written in Rust, implementing Python 3.13.0+ compatibility. The project aims to provide:
+RustPython is a Python 3 interpreter written in Rust, implementing Python 3.14.0+ compatibility. The project aims to provide:
 
 - A complete Python-3 environment entirely in Rust (not CPython bindings)
 - A clean implementation without compatibility hacks

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ env:
     test.test_multiprocessing_spawn.test_processes
   ENV_POLLUTING_TESTS_WINDOWS: >-
   # Python version targeted by the CI.
-  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.13.1"
+  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.14.2"
   X86_64_PC_WINDOWS_MSVC_OPENSSL_LIB_DIR: C:\Program Files\OpenSSL\lib\VC\x64\MD
   X86_64_PC_WINDOWS_MSVC_OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR: C:\Program Files\OpenSSL\include
 

diff --git a/.github/workflows/cron-ci.yaml b/.github/workflows/cron-ci.yaml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ name: Periodic checks/tasks
 
 env:
   CARGO_ARGS: --no-default-features --features stdlib,importlib,encodings,ssl-rustls,jit
-  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.13.1"
+  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.14.2"
 
 jobs:
   # codecov collects code coverage data from the rust tests, python snippets and python test suite.

diff --git a/.github/workflows/update-doc-db.yml b/.github/workflows/update-doc-db.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ on:
       python-version:
         description: Target python version to generate doc db for
         type: string
-        default: "3.13.9"
+        default: "3.14.2"
       ref:
         description: Branch to commit to (leave empty for current branch)
         type: string

diff --git a/DEVELOPMENT.md b/DEVELOPMENT.md
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ RustPython requires the following:
       stable version: `rustup update stable`
     - If you do not have Rust installed, use [rustup](https://rustup.rs/) to
       do so.
-- CPython version 3.13 or higher
+- CPython version 3.14 or higher
     - CPython can be installed by your operating system's package manager,
       from the [Python website](https://www.python.org/downloads/), or
       using a third-party distribution, such as 

diff --git a/Lib/_colorize.py b/Lib/_colorize.py
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-import io
 import os
 import sys
 
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field, Field
+
 COLORIZE = True
 
+
 # types
 if False:
-    from typing import IO
+    from typing import IO, Self, ClassVar
+    _theme: Theme
 
 
 class ANSIColors:
@@ -17,11 +20,13 @@ class ANSIColors:
     BLUE = "\x1b[34m"
     CYAN = "\x1b[36m"
     GREEN = "\x1b[32m"
+    GREY = "\x1b[90m"
     MAGENTA = "\x1b[35m"
     RED = "\x1b[31m"
     WHITE = "\x1b[37m"  # more like LIGHT GRAY
     YELLOW = "\x1b[33m"
 
+    BOLD = "\x1b[1m"
     BOLD_BLACK = "\x1b[1;30m"  # DARK GRAY
     BOLD_BLUE = "\x1b[1;34m"
     BOLD_CYAN = "\x1b[1;36m"
@@ -60,13 +65,196 @@ class ANSIColors:
     INTENSE_BACKGROUND_YELLOW = "\x1b[103m"
 
 
+ColorCodes = set()
 NoColors = ANSIColors()
 
-for attr in dir(NoColors):
+for attr, code in ANSIColors.__dict__.items():
     if not attr.startswith("__"):
+        ColorCodes.add(code)
         setattr(NoColors, attr, "")
 
 
+#
+# Experimental theming support (see gh-133346)
+#
+
+# - Create a theme by copying an existing `Theme` with one or more sections
+#   replaced, using `default_theme.copy_with()`;
+# - create a theme section by copying an existing `ThemeSection` with one or
+#   more colors replaced, using for example `default_theme.syntax.copy_with()`;
+# - create a theme from scratch by instantiating a `Theme` data class with
+#   the required sections (which are also dataclass instances).
+#
+# Then call `_colorize.set_theme(your_theme)` to set it.
+#
+# Put your theme configuration in $PYTHONSTARTUP for the interactive shell,
+# or sitecustomize.py in your virtual environment or Python installation for
+# other uses.  Your applications can call `_colorize.set_theme()` too.
+#
+# Note that thanks to the dataclasses providing default values for all fields,
+# creating a new theme or theme section from scratch is possible without
+# specifying all keys.
+#
+# For example, here's a theme that makes punctuation and operators less prominent:
+#
+#   try:
+#       from _colorize import set_theme, default_theme, Syntax, ANSIColors
+#   except ImportError:
+#       pass
+#   else:
+#       theme_with_dim_operators = default_theme.copy_with(
+#           syntax=Syntax(op=ANSIColors.INTENSE_BLACK),
+#       )
+#       set_theme(theme_with_dim_operators)
+#       del set_theme, default_theme, Syntax, ANSIColors, theme_with_dim_operators
+#
+# Guarding the import ensures that your .pythonstartup file will still work in
+# Python 3.13 and older. Deleting the variables ensures they don't remain in your
+# interactive shell's global scope.
+
+class ThemeSection(Mapping[str, str]):
+    """A mixin/base class for theme sections.
+
+    It enables dictionary access to a section, as well as implements convenience
+    methods.
+    """
+
+    # The two types below are just that: types to inform the type checker that the
+    # mixin will work in context of those fields existing
+    __dataclass_fields__: ClassVar[dict[str, Field[str]]]
+    _name_to_value: Callable[[str], str]
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        name_to_value = {}
+        for color_name in self.__dataclass_fields__:
+            name_to_value[color_name] = getattr(self, color_name)
+        super().__setattr__('_name_to_value', name_to_value.__getitem__)
+
+    def copy_with(self, **kwargs: str) -> Self:
+        color_state: dict[str, str] = {}
+        for color_name in self.__dataclass_fields__:
+            color_state[color_name] = getattr(self, color_name)
+        color_state.update(kwargs)
+        return type(self)(**color_state)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def no_colors(cls) -> Self:
+        color_state: dict[str, str] = {}
+        for color_name in cls.__dataclass_fields__:
+            color_state[color_name] = ""
+        return cls(**color_state)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        return self._name_to_value(key)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.__dataclass_fields__)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self.__dataclass_fields__)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+class Argparse(ThemeSection):
+    usage: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_BLUE
+    prog: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
+    prog_extra: str = ANSIColors.MAGENTA
+    heading: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_BLUE
+    summary_long_option: str = ANSIColors.CYAN
+    summary_short_option: str = ANSIColors.GREEN
+    summary_label: str = ANSIColors.YELLOW
+    summary_action: str = ANSIColors.GREEN
+    long_option: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_CYAN
+    short_option: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_GREEN
+    label: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_YELLOW
+    action: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_GREEN
+    reset: str = ANSIColors.RESET
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Syntax(ThemeSection):
+    prompt: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
+    keyword: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_BLUE
+    keyword_constant: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_BLUE
+    builtin: str = ANSIColors.CYAN
+    comment: str = ANSIColors.RED
+    string: str = ANSIColors.GREEN
+    number: str = ANSIColors.YELLOW
+    op: str = ANSIColors.RESET
+    definition: str = ANSIColors.BOLD
+    soft_keyword: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_BLUE
+    reset: str = ANSIColors.RESET
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Traceback(ThemeSection):
+    type: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
+    message: str = ANSIColors.MAGENTA
+    filename: str = ANSIColors.MAGENTA
+    line_no: str = ANSIColors.MAGENTA
+    frame: str = ANSIColors.MAGENTA
+    error_highlight: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_RED
+    error_range: str = ANSIColors.RED
+    reset: str = ANSIColors.RESET
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Unittest(ThemeSection):
+    passed: str = ANSIColors.GREEN
+    warn: str = ANSIColors.YELLOW
+    fail: str = ANSIColors.RED
+    fail_info: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_RED
+    reset: str = ANSIColors.RESET
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Theme:
+    """A suite of themes for all sections of Python.
+
+    When adding a new one, remember to also modify `copy_with` and `no_colors`
+    below.
+    """
+    argparse: Argparse = field(default_factory=Argparse)
+    syntax: Syntax = field(default_factory=Syntax)
+    traceback: Traceback = field(default_factory=Traceback)
+    unittest: Unittest = field(default_factory=Unittest)
+
+    def copy_with(
+        self,
+        *,
+        argparse: Argparse | None = None,
+        syntax: Syntax | None = None,
+        traceback: Traceback | None = None,
+        unittest: Unittest | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Return a new Theme based on this instance with some sections replaced.
+
+        Themes are immutable to protect against accidental modifications that
+        could lead to invalid terminal states.
+        """
+        return type(self)(
+            argparse=argparse or self.argparse,
+            syntax=syntax or self.syntax,
+            traceback=traceback or self.traceback,
+            unittest=unittest or self.unittest,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def no_colors(cls) -> Self:
+        """Return a new Theme where colors in all sections are empty strings.
+
+        This allows writing user code as if colors are always used. The color
+        fields will be ANSI color code strings when colorization is desired
+        and possible, and empty strings otherwise.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            argparse=Argparse.no_colors(),
+            syntax=Syntax.no_colors(),
+            traceback=Traceback.no_colors(),
+            unittest=Unittest.no_colors(),
+        )
+
+
 def get_colors(
     colorize: bool = False, *, file: IO[str] | IO[bytes] | None = None
 ) -> ANSIColors:
@@ -76,22 +264,37 @@ def get_colors(
         return NoColors
 
 
+def decolor(text: str) -> str:
+    """Remove ANSI color codes from a string."""
+    for code in ColorCodes:
+        text = text.replace(code, "")
+    return text
+
+
 def can_colorize(*, file: IO[str] | IO[bytes] | None = None) -> bool:
+
+    def _safe_getenv(k: str, fallback: str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        """Exception-safe environment retrieval. See gh-128636."""
+        try:
+            return os.environ.get(k, fallback)
+        except Exception:
+            return fallback
+
     if file is None:
         file = sys.stdout
 
     if not sys.flags.ignore_environment:
-        if os.environ.get("PYTHON_COLORS") == "0":
+        if _safe_getenv("PYTHON_COLORS") == "0":
             return False
-        if os.environ.get("PYTHON_COLORS") == "1":
+        if _safe_getenv("PYTHON_COLORS") == "1":
             return True
-    if os.environ.get("NO_COLOR"):
+    if _safe_getenv("NO_COLOR"):
         return False
     if not COLORIZE:
         return False
-    if os.environ.get("FORCE_COLOR"):
+    if _safe_getenv("FORCE_COLOR"):
         return True
-    if os.environ.get("TERM") == "dumb":
+    if _safe_getenv("TERM") == "dumb":
         return False
 
     if not hasattr(file, "fileno"):
@@ -108,5 +311,45 @@ def can_colorize(*, file: IO[str] | IO[bytes] | None = None) -> bool:
 
     try:
         return os.isatty(file.fileno())
-    except io.UnsupportedOperation:
+    except OSError:
         return hasattr(file, "isatty") and file.isatty()
+
+
+default_theme = Theme()
+theme_no_color = default_theme.no_colors()
+
+
+def get_theme(
+    *,
+    tty_file: IO[str] | IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    force_color: bool = False,
+    force_no_color: bool = False,
+) -> Theme:
+    """Returns the currently set theme, potentially in a zero-color variant.
+
+    In cases where colorizing is not possible (see `can_colorize`), the returned
+    theme contains all empty strings in all color definitions.
+    See `Theme.no_colors()` for more information.
+
+    It is recommended not to cache the result of this function for extended
+    periods of time because the user might influence theme selection by
+    the interactive shell, a debugger, or application-specific code. The
+    environment (including environment variable state and console configuration
+    on Windows) can also change in the course of the application life cycle.
+    """
+    if force_color or (not force_no_color and
+                       can_colorize(file=tty_file)):
+        return _theme
+    return theme_no_color
+
+
+def set_theme(t: Theme) -> None:
+    global _theme
+
+    if not isinstance(t, Theme):
+        raise ValueError(f"Expected Theme object, found {t}")
+
+    _theme = t
+
+
+set_theme(default_theme)