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Updating labs
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‎labs/HTTP.md‎

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- How to bind an HTTP server to a port.
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- How to accept HTTP requests.
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- How to respond to incoming HTTP requests.
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- HTTP Status: 200 OK
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- With content
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- HTTP Status: 200 OK
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- With content
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## Lab
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In this lab we will create an HTTP server that responds to all requests with a simple HTML template.
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1. Create a new file named ```server.js``` in a directory of your choice.
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2. Include the HTTP core module using the ```require(moduleName)``` function and assign the return value to a variable named ```http```.
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```JavaScript
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var http = require('http');
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```
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```JavaScript
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var http = require('http');
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```
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3. To create a HTTP server execute the ```http.createServer``` ([api doc](http://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_http_createserver_requestlistener)) function with an anonymous function as an argument and assign it to the ```server``` variable.
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```JavaScript
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var http = require('http');
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```JavaScript
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var http = require('http');
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var server = http.createServer(function () { });
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```
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var server = http.createServer(function () { });
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```
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4. This server is not yet bound to any port. In order to bind to a port, the [server](http://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_class_http_server) object has the function ```server.listen(port)``` that takes a port as the first argument.
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```JavaScript
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var http = require('http');
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```JavaScript
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var http = require('http');
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var server = http.createServer(function () { });
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server.listen(8080);
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```
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var server = http.createServer(function () { });
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server.listen(8080);
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```
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5. Launch your server at the command line: ```node server.js```
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6. Open your browser and navigate to ```http://localhost:8080``` (replace 8080 with whatever port you chose if different). You will notice that your browser seems to hang and will eventually timeout. This is because our server is not yet doing anything useful with the incoming connection. Let's start by responding to the request with a 200 HTTP status code.
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Here's where we are so far.
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```JavaScript
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var http = require('http');
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var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
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res.statusCode = 200;
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res.end();
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});
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server.listen(8080);
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```
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Here's where we are so far.
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```JavaScript
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var http = require('http');
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var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
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res.statusCode = 200;
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res.end();
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});
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server.listen(8080);
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```
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Notice we have added a few arguments to the anonymous function ```req``` and ```res```. These represent the [request](http://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_class_http_serverrequest) and [response](http://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_class_http_serverresponse) streams respectively.
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Notice we have added a few arguments to the anonymous function ```req``` and ```res```. These represent the [request](http://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_class_http_serverrequest) and [response](http://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_class_http_serverresponse) streams respectively.
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A call to ```res.end()``` is required in order to let the client know the server has finished the response.
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A call to ```res.end()``` is required in order to let the client know the server has finished the response.
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7. Visit ```http://localhost:8080``` once again. This time there should be a page with no content. We are not here to serve blank pages so let's actually output some content. The response stream (```res``` has a ```write``` function that takes a string to write to the output.
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```JavaScript
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var http = require('http');
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```JavaScript
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var http = require('http');
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var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
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res.statusCode = 200;
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res.write('Hello World!');
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res.end();
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});
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var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
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res.statusCode = 200;
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res.write('Hello World!');
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res.end();
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});
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server.listen(8080);
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```
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server.listen(8080);
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```
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### Writing the content of a file to the response
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1. To load a files content from disk:
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```JavaScript
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var fs = require('fs');
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```JavaScript
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var fs = require('fs');
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fs.readFile('index.html', function (err, data) {
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if (!err) {
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console.log(data);
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}
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});
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fs.readFile('index.html', function (err, data) {
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if (!err) {
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console.log(data);
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}
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});
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```
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```
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1. This won't work because theres no ```index.html``` in our directory. Let's create that with something like this:
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```HTML
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>My Node.JS server</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Hello World!</h1>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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```HTML
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>My Node.JS server</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Hello World!</h1>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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1. Now that we know how to read a file from disk let's join that with our previous HTTP server example.
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```JavaScript
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var fs = require('fs');
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var http = require('http');
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```JavaScript
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var fs = require('fs');
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var http = require('http');
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var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
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res.statusCode = 200;
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var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
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res.statusCode = 200;
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fs.readFile('index.html', function (err, data) {
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if (!err) {
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res.write(data);
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res.end();
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}
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});
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});
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fs.readFile('index.html', function (err, data) {
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if (!err) {
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res.write(data);
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res.end();
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}
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});
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});
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server.listen(8080);
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```
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server.listen(8080);
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```
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### A simple template engine
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```JavaScript
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var templateEngine = function (template, data) {
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var vars = template.match(/\{\w+\}/g);
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var vars = template.match(/\{\w+\}/g);
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if (vars === null) {
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return template;
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}
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if (vars === null) {
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return template;
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}
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var nonVars = template.split(/\{\w+\}/g);
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var output = '';
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var nonVars = template.split(/\{\w+\}/g);
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var output = '';
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for (var i = 0; i < nonVars.length; i++) {
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output += nonVars[i];
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for (var i = 0; i < nonVars.length; i++) {
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output += nonVars[i];
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if (i < vars.length) {
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var key = vars[i].replace(/[\{\}]/g, '');
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output += data[key]
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}
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}
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if (i < vars.length) {
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var key = vars[i].replace(/[\{\}]/g, '');
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output += data[key]
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}
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}
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return output;
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return output;
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};
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```
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var templateEngine = function (template, data) {
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var vars = template.match(/\{\w+\}/g);
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if (vars === null) {
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return template;
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}
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var nonVars = template.split(/\{\w+\}/g);
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var output = '';
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for (var i = 0; i < nonVars.length; i++) {
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output += nonVars[i];
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if (i < vars.length) {
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var key = vars[i].replace(/[\{\}]/g, '');
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output += data[key]
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}
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}
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return output;
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var vars = template.match(/\{\w+\}/g);
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if (vars === null) {
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return template;
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}
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var nonVars = template.split(/\{\w+\}/g);
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var output = '';
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for (var i = 0; i < nonVars.length; i++) {
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output += nonVars[i];
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if (i < vars.length) {
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var key = vars[i].replace(/[\{\}]/g, '');
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output += data[key]
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}
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}
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return output;
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};
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var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
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res.statusCode = 200;
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fs.readFile('index.html', function (err, data) {
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if (!err) {
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res.write(templateEngine(data, {})); // use our template engine here
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res.end();
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}
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});
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res.statusCode = 200;
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fs.readFile('index.html', function (err, data) {
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if (!err) {
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res.write(templateEngine(data, {})); // use our template engine here
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res.end();
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}
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});
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});
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server.listen(8080);
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```HTML
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>My Node.JS server</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Hello {name}!</h1>
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<ul>
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<li>Node Version: {node}</li>
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<li>V8 Version: {v8}</li>
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<li>URL: {url}</li>
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<li>Time: {time}</li>
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</ul>
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</body>
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<head>
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<title>My Node.JS server</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Hello {name}!</h1>
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<ul>
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<li>Node Version: {node}</li>
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<li>V8 Version: {v8}</li>
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<li>URL: {url}</li>
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<li>Time: {time}</li>
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</ul>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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The above modifications require several properties on our data object (name, node, v8, url, time), let's assign those:
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```JavaScript
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... (code omitted from example)
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fs.readFile('index.html', function (err, data) {
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if(!err) {
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res.write(templateEngine(data, {
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name: 'Ryan Dahl',
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node: process.versions.node,
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v8: process.versions.v8,
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time: new Date(),
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url: req.url
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}));
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res.end();
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}
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if(!err) {
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res.write(templateEngine(data, {
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name: 'Ryan Dahl',
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node: process.versions.node,
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v8: process.versions.v8,
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time: new Date(),
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url: req.url
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}));
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res.end();
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}
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});
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... (code omitted from example)
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```

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